OPTM 343W2 PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS

TUT 2 – THE HOROPTER

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Student name and surname______________ Student number______________

PART A: FILL IN/TICK THE MISSING WORD

1. The horopter is a curve that passes through the fixation point, every point of which
will stimulate _______________ points.

2. As every point on the horopter shares a common visual direction in the two eyes,
they are seen  as single  doubled

3. The circle that passes through the fixation point and the nodal points of the two eyes
is called the _______.

4. Single vision with the two eyes is not limited exclusively to points on the horopter,
but it extends to points a small distance proximal and distal to it. This is called the
region for _____________  monocular  binocular single vision. An area on
one retina, each point of which will produce a single image when simultaneously
stimulated with a fixated point of the other eye is called _____________.

5. At the fixation point, the extent of the region of BSV is approx. 15 minutes of arc
between the inner and outer limits. This is  within  outside the bounds of the
foveola. This width  increases  decreases with eccentricity.

6. When the eyes are fixating on a particular point, objects nearer to the eyes are seen
in ________ . This is a consequence of the retinal images in the two eyes being
formed in retinal disparity.
 7. Receptor field pairs can only be either corresponding or disparate if they converge
onto a _________ .

8. In binocular vision, when both eyes are directed towards the fixation point, the
maximum Number of binocular receptive fields must be in __________ there. If we
consider a surface in space for which the  maximum minimum number of
binocular receptive fields are in register in each common visual direction, this is a
___________ definition of the horopter.

9. Consider the neurological implication of the horopter:

Retinal ganglion cells respond best to  point stimuli  line stimuli. Neurons
of the striate cortex respond best to  point stimuli  line stimuli. The first
interaction between signals originating in the two eyes occurs at the ______ of the
visual pathway in the______. So, at the level of first binocular interaction, the
binocular system responds best to  point stimuli  line stimuli.

PART B: MATCH THE CORRECT PAIRS (NUMBER TO LETTER)

1. Apparent fronto-parallel plane
2. Nonius horopter
3. Hering-Hillebrand deviation coefficient (H)
4. Rectilinear horopter
5. Space horopter

A. The total assemblage of nonius lines for a given fixation point. The nonius lines are
found to lie on a family of surfaces called ruled quadratic surfaces.
B. The actual locus in space (3D) of all the points that will stimulate corresponding
points in the two eyes
C. Horopter based on judging points that appear equidistant with the fixation point
D. The horopter that depends on localizing points that have a common visual direction
E. The departure of the longitudinal horopter from the Vieth-Muller circle

PART C:
1. What is abathic distance? How is it calculated?
2. How far is the abathic distance in the image below? (in the pic it is at 75cm)

3. If H = 0.1 and IPD is 6cm what is the abathic distance?

4. When the Measured horopter LIES ON THE V-M CIRCLE, H is EQUAL to what?

5. What about when the HOROPTER is LESS CURVED than the V-M Circle? Is H negative
or positive?

6. And when the Horopter is MORE CURVED than the V-M Circle? Is H negative or
positive?