physical Quantities and Units

Physical Quantity -> Quantities

made
up of base
called desired
be
qualities
one

nantities units are

quantitythat
Any
and this
can
9 desired units.
measured/qualified is called
called a
physical Force Newton (N)
quantity.
-

Energy Joule (5)

-

example:force, mass, energy Power-Watt (W)

pressure, voltage etc.
Instruments

Non-Physical Quantit 1. Length

notbe Trundle Wheel
Any quantitythatcan
·

measured
quantified
is called Measuring Tape
·

a
non-physical quantity. Meter rule
·

Vernier
·

caliper
examples:happines, sadwen, joy, ·
Micromote
scen
Ganga
sorrow, fear, spirituality etc.
2. Mass

7Basic
Physical Qualities ·
Electronic balance
· Beam balance
Unit
Quality 31
3. Time
(m)
mete
1.
Length
·

Stopwatch (shorttime mileval)

2. Mass
kilogram (kg) ·
clock (long time interval)
&
CR8
3. Time second (s) 4. Temperative
Thermomete
4. Absolute Tempea-Kelvin (K) ·

-
tuse
5. Electric Current
5. Electric Current (A)
Ample
· Ammeta
ammeter)
6. Luminous
Iviensity candela (cc) ·
Galvanometa (sensitive

7. Amount
ofsubstance more (mol) 6. Voltage
·

Voltmete · CRO

7. Force

·
Newton meter
(spring
balance
balance
·

Compression
 Measurement Techniques

1. Length 800 1111

Range Precision / 1II
Trundle what several metas 1cm 0 1.0cm

cape
measuring several meters 0.1 c

meter rule 100 an 0.1Cm

3 precise
Vernia small
caliper 20- 25m 0.01cm but

saw
micrometer
Gange 2.5cm 0.001cm lengths
~

1 1/

tape
rule
meter
↳
↓
 &
Unit Conversions Prefixes
Rule #1
-
i to remove a
prefix,
multiply the value
by
the

Prefix Exponents exponentof the

prefix.
↑Giga(G) 189
Mega (M) 106 a) 9.53x10-5M]to J
kild (k) 103
9.53 x 10
-

5x.106
prefix
->

no
1

deci (d) 95.35 Ans

-

10
centi (c) 18-2
mili (m) 10-3 b185000ms 1 S

(M)
6
10
-

micro
vnano (n) 10-9 85000 x10-3
85 An.

2) 9.11 x 10
"MN to
N

9.11x105N
"
9.11x10" x 10
-

Rule #2: To insect divide =

a
prefix,
the the v(9/1000N)
the
value
by exponentof
prefix. d) 7563
kg go
to

7563x103
as 0.5x1075toG5
=75630009
or
17.563x15g
0.5x107 v8.5x10
=>
2G5 -

189 10.085G5An.

b) 56000g to
kg d) 5582m to NW

156kg 5.582X10- MN
56000 5502
=

10.005582MW
C) 8.35 18-6N
x to uN

=08.35X0n N
05510- 18350nN

to
956
kg
*
mg
Itremove mili- 956 x 10-3
2nd insect kilo -> 956x10-9.56x10 -kg Ans.
183
 0.1cm(1mm)
↓
Instruments , , , ,
,
, , II

& 1cm
1.
Length
Name Range frecision Purpose
Trundle Wheel several meter 1cm long distances

short than trondle

Measuring Tape several meths 0.1cm

whee/curvedsurfaces
1m straightlengths
sule
meta 0.1cm lessthan 1m.

Vernia Caliper 15cm 0.01cm internal diameter

10.1mm) external diamete
depth.

Gange
Screw
Minometer
12.5cm 100020m 1 diathin arewere
10.01mm) of

Mass
2. 3:
Weight
Electronic balance
mate spring
as balance
a) Newton
b) Beam balance
b) Compression balance

Time
4. 5.
Temperature
a)
Stopwatch b) Clockas Themomea
2) LRO

Electric Current
b. 7. Voltage
a) Ammeta a) Voltmeta
/

b)
Galvanometa
1) Multimeta
 Taking Measurements
from a Micrometa screw Gange

Main Main Scale Reading (MSRC:

scale Thimble Scale (TSR):
Reading
↓ ↓thmm
100

0111151 15Thimble
=
Scale Cafiendp)
mm
1111(y510 Reading

Main scale Thimble

reading scale

01,1,1,1,1,E,25 TsR
mm
E
28

NISR =

01,1,1,1.PEEE &H,fz 1,1,1,11E

0
Error

The
difference between a time
value and an obtained value.

Types ofError
Random
1.
Systematic Error 2. Error

· Error introduced due to the Essor

· introduced due to the

fluctuations
in
system or

fault in a
system. random
surrounding.
Itis
· due
faultin
to
method,
Humanreactiontime, parallaxesson,
apparatus equation used.
·
or

variations inwind and

temperature
·
Itcauses all values to be are examples.
higher or lower than the
True value. ·
It causevalues
tobe, both, higher
lowerthantheline value.
and

It cannotbe removed
by
·

and Itcan be removed

repeatings
repeat average. To
remove ·

by
systematic emofindthe
run and
and
averaging.
acticalvalue: 10 actualvalue:10
9.3, 9.5, 10.1, 10.7, 11.2., 9.5, 10.
9.59.5,95,9.59.5 zero
9.5,9.89.0.9.1,9.3.9.6
error
wrong 1

Calibration
instruments
10
sistemation!
A -
scale
wrong counting upside 8.6,89,7.3, 8.4,9.1, 8.3
oscillation down X
of -
1

systematic
methodology X
error equation
Parallax error vd
=
It or va
= +t

/ X
EE
~ . . . .

xc...
 Zero EROR

introduced due to the

It's type
of
Error
giving
-> *
a
a
non-zero
are
measurements
reaching even
taken
when no

being
from it.

->
Examples
a) Electronic balance
when
givesnon-zer
reading nothing is
placed
on it.

3) The
meta rule doesnotstart from
zew.
m

11(1*)
1 1 1 1 I
/
o

1) Needledoesnotmatch zeromark
on scale.

Time Period ofasimplePendulum

TimePaid Ttime taken
for any repeatingeventtohappen once.

In team
of oscillations;time periodis oscillation
the time
ofI
->

I / / 1 I /
.

-
Repeat andtake
reduce
-
average to
-
random errors!
~

~
~ 1st:Note the time for 10

Oscillations, twice.
-

⑰ - 20: Take
oscillation average
>
1
1 oscillation
targ=ta
e.g. t =15.48s
tag:15.4
+

15.7 3rd:Determine time period

t 15.785
=

tang= 15.55s T=targ

10
T 5 1.555s
15
=

=
 Scala Vector

LON sale
1. Magnitude 1. Both
magnitude I
12 = 5N
no direction and direction
only,
2. Represented
by 2.
Represented by length -> size
a numerical Kom orient direction
/
->

NSEN
value as

b)
5N
50r
+
+
5( + 1-)
-
Con ↓

2) Arrows

3.
Examples 3.
Examples
distance speed, displacement,
time, mass,
energy, velocity, acceleration,
momentum,
work, power, pressure, force,
torque, grav, field
density, voltage
strength.
 1
Physical Quantities
Past Papers - MCQs
1 -
0.01
2 0.02
->

6 0.06
->

MSR: 6.50mm
TSR: 0.13 mm -
[ 13
-

mm.
↓
6.5
to

3.

o
4.

5.
 2

6. -

mcla
100cm
mule ↓

Opt
↓ ↓
7.
#
↓

0
8.

9.
 12
41 A manufacturer measures the three dimensions of a wooden floor tile using three different
instruments.

The approximate dimensions of the tile are shown.

length 0.4 m
thickness 0.005 m

(not to scale)

width 0.08 m

Which instruments are used to measure accurately each of these dimensions?

length thickness width

A metre rule micrometer calipers

B metre rule calipers micrometer

C micrometer metre rule calipers

D calipers micrometer metre rule

42 Forces of 4.0 N and 2.0 N act at a point.

Which scale diagram shows the forces that have a resultant of 4.0 N?

A B

2.0 N
2.0 N

4.0 N 4.0 N

C D

2.0 N 2.0 N 4.0 N

4.0 N

4 What is the name and value of the unit of power written as mW?

name value

A megawatt
eg 10 –3 W

B megawatt
eg 10 6 W
–3
C milliwatt
il 10 W
6
D milliwatt
il 10 W
 13

44 Which is a vector quantity?

A a mass of 2.0 kg

B a temperature of –10 °C
C a weight of 15 N
D an average speed of 20 m / s

4 What is a possible mass for a normal adult person?

A 7.5 kg B 75 kg C 750 kg D 7500 kg

4 A small cylinder is rolled along a ruler and completes two revolutions.

start X finish
two revolutions

mark on
cylinder
10.2 cm

0 cm 1 1.4am2 3 4 5 67 D 9 10 11

The circumference is the distance around the outside of a circle. 10.2 -

104=8.8cm

What is the circumference of the cylinder? 8.8 =4.4c

z
oA 4.4 cm B 5.2 cm C 8.8 cm D 10.2 cm
Q50.

- ↑

o MC KC
->
-
mC

Q51. 10" 182 10-3

Q52

2
Q56.

Q57.

Q58.

4
 KINEMATICS

Distance Displacement

on
->

t
E
A
1.
Length of the shortest O 10m
-

10
possible
-

> ·

distance between
path between D< - im <- Sm -
points. points.
< <
·
·

two two
" >
bm ->

isstart:
&
> · ↑

↑B
·

E -

F
to am-
<-

·
- 0 distance displ
A
disp
=

Scala Vector +10m

2.
quantity 2. OA 10m
S1 Unit:mele (m) 3. S1 Unit:meter (m) OB 18m 10 8
·

3. -
= +
2M

4. can travelled a 4. can displaced 3 km OC 20m 2 -

2 0
=

distance 4km. due south East.

of - OD

OE
32m -12m
6m
38m -
12 + 6 =-

·
signof displ tells about OF 47m 6 9 =
3m
+
- +

the
position of the ·
body from the origin.

speed (V) Velocity (v)

S: displacement
Rate Rate
1.
of change 1.
of change

of distance.
of displacement distance
average speed:total

Adv = pv 1 total
2.v 2.v time
=
=
=

average velocity:total displ

3. SI
Unitim/s ms 3.31 Unit: m/s mst
B
total time

Scale Vector -1
4. quantity
4.
quantity
5. Manual is
walking 5. Manual is walking LON E
6Om
at speedof at0.5
mys due North 30s
=

a
· h

0.5m/s towards the door. A

hit "
·
Sm/s Om/s
+

arg. speed barg velocity

+
.... 7
1. as
1
hit rebound
.... =

10m/s 1.
speed 40+ 60 h
p b2
=

arg.
= +

=
v
rebound 10 30602
+

10m/s 72.1/m
=

2.5m/s
=

arg.rel:7l
40

=108m/
 Acceluation
Example #2
rest
Rate
of change ofvelocity a
v
=

v 0-=

OR 7

-
a = 0 18
roll
-

change of velocityper unittime t 25 a

5m/s
=
=
-

1 :.
a
Ay
=
a v
=

nothi
-

(no
deceleration:5 m/s
mention"
need to -

"sign. I
SI Unit:m/s
v=
final velocity ·

3
· Vector
initial velocity
u:
quantityExample
t: time interval
hits the
ball
A
ground with a

there is andrebounds back

a
3m/s
= a change speed of 10m/s
of 3
mys, every see.
upwards with Oml. The time
of
collision was 0.25 Calculate
the
+3
·

+
3
+3
the ball.
Om/s >3m/s<6m/s acceleration
of
v
+ X
a v hit 8ms 1

am/s
=
- u v+
=

F ....
- V

⑭
acceleration a 8
=
-

1 10)
-

0.2
u
=
- 10ms- 1

change in
velocity
a
90mys
=

V V

in
change in change
magnitude direction
↑ Example
#4

i
lOm/s
A ball is thrown
slowdown
-

. >
vertically upwards
speed up, 10m/s at 10mm. It rises and then

on After
3s, its

pacvelationestration
back down.
hit rebound falls
is Find
the accele
speed
and now
20m/s.
·

·
moving in circle -
elation. ..... ..
u
+10m/
=

t !
aV =
-
u
↑
E
↓
Example #1
xm?": aV =
- u a =
-

20 -

1 10)
+

v- =

20m/
F ->

mms 1y
a =

t 55 a
-10m/s2
=
=

a =
D
I

find acceleration. a 16m/s2

=