TCP /IP MODEL

TCP / IP
 Implementation of OSI reference model
 Cerf & Kahn 1974 ,later design philosophy
discussed by Clark 1988.
 Four Layers
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Host to Network Layer
TCP / IP
DIFFERENT LAYERS
 Host to Network layer :
Used for physical transmission of data
Defines a protocol to connect host
 Internet layer – (Network layer)
Packets delivery , Routing , Congestion control
Main protocol – IP
Responsible to transmit the packets independently
Packets may not be received in the order that they sent
 DIFFERENT LAYERS
 Transport layer :
Segmenting . Splitting of data
Decides to send the data either in the single path & multiple / parallel path
Break the data into small units which are handled efficiently by this layer
Header information added
Transmitting error-free end to end delivery of segments.
 DIFFERENT LAYERS
 Application layer : (Session & presentation)
Interface between host and the services provided by transport layer
Includes high level protocols
TELNET – Two way communication
FTP - Transmitting the file data
SMTP - Transport electronic mail
DNS - Resolves IP address to textual information
Protocol Stack
Difference between OSI and TCP/IP
OSI TCP / IP
Reference Model Implementation

7 Layers 4 Layers

Session Presentation layers are separate Combine both session and presentation

Model – first Protocol -first

Protocol – Next Model – Next

Protocol independent standard Protocol dependent standard

Supports – Connection less, Connection Supports only Connection less

oriented
A Critique of The OSI Model and Protocols
A Critique of The TCP/IP Model and Protocols