TABLE OF CONTENTS

Earthquake Hazards ………. 1

Volcano-related Hazards ………. 3

Geological Hazards ………. 5

Hydrometeorological Hazards ………. 7

Fire Hazards ………. 9

Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan ……. 11

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 Earthquake Hazards
*Ground Rupture- deformation on the ground that marks,
the intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface.
Effects: fissuring, displacement of the ground due to
movement of the fault.
*Ground Shaking- disruptive up, down, and sideways
vibration of the ground during an earthquake.
Effects- ground shaking are damage or collapse of
structure; may consequently cause hazard such as
liquefaction and landslide.
*Liquefaction-phenomenon wherein sediments, especially
near bodies of water, behave like liquid like a quicksand.
Effects: sinking and/or tilting of structure above it; sand boil;
fissuring.
*Earthquake-Induce Landslide-down slope movements of
rocks, solid and other debris commonly triggered by strong
shaking.
Effects: erosion; burial and blockage of roads and rivers.
*Tsunami – series of waves caused commonly by and
earthquake.
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What to do?

Before During After

1. Prepare an 1.Drop, Cover 1.Check yourself
emergency kit and Hold on and others for
2.Identify the safety 2.Dont panic injuries
areas 3.Stay away from 2.Turn on the
3.Secure your home open window radio
4.Discuss your plan 4.Lool for exit 3.Stay out of
5.Plan where to meet area damaged
if you get separate 5.Protect your building
head and neck 4.Be careful
with a large, a around broken
pillow, or your glass and debris
arms 5.Check water,
gas, and electric
lines for
damage.

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Volcanic-related Hazards
*Lava flows- are flows of magma extruded onto the
surface of a volcano.
*Pyroclastic flow- are hot density current’s consisting of
mixtures of rock debris and hot or cold water.
Lahars-are a Javanese word for a type of volcanic mudflow
made up of volcanic debris and hot or cold water.
*Ash fall-volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from
an eruption cloud, a deposit so formed is usually well
sorted and layered.
*Volcanic bomb- volcanic bomb is formed when a volcanic
ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption and
can be thrown many meters to kilometer from an erupting
vent.
*Volcanic Gas- volcanic gases are composed mainly of
water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
*Ballistic Projectiles – are fragments of solid (blocks)or
fluid (bombs) material ejected during the range of
magmatic eruption.

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 What to do?
Before During After
1.Be prepared 1.Stay away from 1.Turn on radio
either to shelter areas downwind for more updates
or to evacuate from the volcano 2.Be careful of
2.Fill your clean to avoid volcanic collapse you roof.
water containers ash. 3.Stay indoors
3.Place vehicles 2.Avoid driving in and away from
under cover, if all heavy ashfall volcanic ash
possible. unless absolutely 4.Look for and
required
4.Review your report broken
emergency plan 3.Use goggles and utility lines to
and gather to wear eyeglasses appropriate
your emergency instead of contact authorities.
supplies. lenses. 5.Do not use your
5.Put livestock in 4.Avoid contact dishwasher or
an enclosed area. with any amount washing machine
of ash. because there are
5.Wear long- a lot of ash.
sleeve shirts and
long pants

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Geological Hazards

*Earthquake-an earthquake is a weak to violent shaking

of the ground produced by the sudden movement of
rock materials below the earth’s surface.
*Sink holes- a sink hole is a depression in the ground
that has no natural external surface drainage.
Volcanic Eruption- a volcanic eruption is when gas
and/or lava are released from a volcano-sometimes
explosively.
*Landslide- the mass movement of rock, debris or earth
down a slope is known as Landslide and it often takes
place in conjunctions with earthquakes, floods and
volcanoes.
*Tsunamis-tsunamis are giant waves caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.
Geological Hazards are caused by natural process and
events that occur within the earth’s crust.

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What to do?

Before During After

1.Secure heavy 1.Avoid river 1.Check for
furniture valleys and low- damages
2.Maintain lying areas 2.Turn on the
emergency during times of radio and listen
food, water, danger for emergency
and other 2.Stay calm and broadcast
supplies don't be panic 3.Check for foods
3.Prepare 3.Move quickly and water
portable away from its supplies.
battery, likely path. 4.Set up your
operated radio 4.Avoid of stay shelter area
4.First Aid kit away from the away from
5.Iddentify the window or glass damages
safety area 5.Look for exit 5.Check for other
area. hazards and
control them.

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 Hydrometeorological Hazards
Typhoon - a typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops
between 180 degrees and 100 degrees E in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Flash Flood - a flood caused by heavy or exceed rainfall in
a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours.
Flooding - typically occurs when prolonged rain falls over
several days, when intense rain falls over a short period of
time, or when an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream
to overflow onto the surrounding area.
El Niño- El Niño (warm phase of ENSO) is characterized by
unusually warmer than average sea surface temperatures
at the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
La Nina – la Nina is a climate pattern that describes the
cooling of surface-ocean waters along the tropical west
coast of South America.
Storm Surges- storm surges are an abnormal rise of water
generated by a storm, over and above the predicted
astronomical tides.

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Thunderstorm – a rain-bearing cloud that also produces
lighting.

What to do?
Before During After
1.Check your 1.Stay indoors 1.Attend to
drainage system at as much as injuries if
home possible needed
2.Make sure you 2.Remain calm 2.Apply first aid
have adequate and take notice to minor cuts
supply. your situation or wounds
3.Change up 3.Coordinate 3.Check your
emergency lights, with local immediate
electronic communication vicinity for any
communication possible damages
device such as evacuation 4.Seek medical
cellphone etc. 4.Regularly assistance at
4.Identify a safe monitor for your nearest
area for more updates clinic or
evacuation 5.Stay in a hospital.
5.Prepare an sturdy and 5.Turn on your
emergency kit stable shelter. radio

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 Fire Hazards
*Electrical Hazard – the following hazard are the most
frequent cause of electrical injuries: contact with power
lines, lack of ground-fault protection, path to ground missing
or discontinuous, equipment not used in manner-prescribed,
and improper use of extension and flexible cords.
*Flammable materials- are the ones that are ignited or flame
immediately when contacting with fire or high temperature
in the air and continue to burn or slightly flame when leaving
fire, such as plywood, fiberboard, wood, and foil.
*Heating Equipment- heating equipment means any
equipment designed used and intended to be used to supply
heat for a structure.
*Cooking and Kitchen Hazard- common risk in the kitchen is
gas tank leaking.
*Smoking- cigarette and smoking related fires are among the
top causes of the fire related fatalities. These fires often
involve the ignition of mattresses, bedding, upholstered
furniture or trash by improperly discarded cigarettes, ashes
or matches.

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What to do?
Before During After
1.Know your 1.Close windows, 1.Continue to
evacuation plan doors inside your check in with
2.Set a family home news updates
emergency 2.Wear mask to for information
communication protect your about the fire.
plan lungs from 2.Returned
3.Build an harmful, home only
emergency particles when
preparedness kit. 3.Stay alert and authorities say
4.Store flammable aware for it is safe
or combustible evacuation 3.Proceed with
materials in safety instructions from caution!!
containers away radio or local law maintain a fire
from the house. and high officials watch and
5.Ensure everyone 4.If you see a fire check your
knows (about) how approaching or if home and
to call emergency you are trapped, surroundings
hotline call emergency areas for small
hotline. lingering
embers.

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Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan

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This is for the fulfillment
of our project in
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Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
school year 2022-2023.

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