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Introduction
According to Tadlock (2018), referees use several hand signals during a volleyball
game. The referee blows the whistle to signal the start and end of each play. The hand signals
are given by the referee who first signals the fault and then indicates which team has won the
point.
A point is indicated by one finger at the side of the court to indicate the winner of the
rally. Ball inbounds is meant to show the point of the court where the ball landed and is
indicated by pointing one arm and hand toward the floor. If a ball is out of bounds or went
outside the antenna, the referee will raise his forearms vertically and palm facing inwards.
A carry is when the ball had too much contact time with the players hand and is indicated by
holding hand horizontal with the palm facing upwards. A double hit is indicated by two fingers
showing that the player contacted the ball twice. Begin service is meant to indicate that the
server is now allowed to serve, which can be shown by holding the hand high in the air with
the palm in the direction of the team serving the ball. A net violation is meant to show that
there was a contact with the net. This can be shown by placing a hand over the net, ensuring