LINEAR

TRANSFORMER
Mago, Ralph Lemmar O.
Ulat, Elijah A.
CONTENTS
MAIN POINTS COVERED

Definition of Transformer
Parts of Transformer
Types of Transformer
Linear Transformer
Example Problems
 WHAT IS A
TRANSFORMER?
A transformer is an electrical device that
uses the principle of electromagnetic
induction to transfer energy from one
electric circuit to another. It is designed
to either increase or decrease AC
voltage between the circuits while
maintaining the frequency of the current.
 PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
The basic transformer comprises three parts: the
magnetic core, the primary winding, and the
secondary winding. The primary winding is
connected to a live source of AC power. This
produces an alternating magnetic field that
surrounds the winding.
TYPES OF
TRANSFORMER
Transformers can be constructed in a way that
it can convert the voltage level of the primary
side to the secondary side. Depending on the
voltage level, the transformer has three
categories; Step Down, Step Up and Isolation
Transformer.
 STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER
A step-down transformer converts the primary voltage
level to a lower voltage across the secondary output.
This is achieved by the ratio of primary and secondary
windings. For step-down transformers the number of
windings is higher across the primary side than the
secondary side.
 STEP-UP
TRANSFORMER
Step Up transformer is exactly opposite
of the step-down transformer. Step up
transformer increase the low primary
voltage to a high secondary voltage.
Again it is achieved by the ratio of
primary and secondary winding ratio.
 ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
Isolation transformer does not convert any voltage
levels. The Primary voltage and the secondary
voltage of an isolation transformer always remain
the same. This is because the primary and the
secondary winding ratio is always equal to the 1.
LINEAR
TRANSFORMER
The transformer is said to be linear if the
coils are wound on a magnetically linear
material—a material for which the magnetic
permeability is constant. Such materials
include air, plastic, Bakelite, and wood.
OBTAIN THE INPUT IMPEDANCE Z AS SEEN FROM
THE SOURCE. (Z GOVERNS THE BEHAVIOR OF THE
PRIMARY CIRCUIT)

FIG.13.19
Applying KVL to the two meshes

EQ.1

EQ.2
 In equation 2, we express I2 in terms of I1
and substitute it into equation 1. We get the
input impedance as

Notice that the input impedance comprises two terms. The first term,
(R1 + jωL1 ), is the primary impedance. The second term is due to the
coupling between the primary and secondary windings. It is as though this
impedance is reflected to the primary. Thus, it is known as the reflected
impedance ZR.
It is sometimes convenient to replace a magnetically coupled
circuit by an equivalent circuit with no magnetic coupling. We
want to replace the linear transformer in Fig. 13.19 by an
equivalent T or pi circuit, a circuit that would have no mutual
inductance.
Ignore the resistances of the coils
and assume that the coils have a
common ground as shown in
Fig. 13.21.

FIG. 13.21

EQUIVALENT T-CIRCUIT EQUIVALENT Π-CIRCUIT

FIG.13.22 FIG.13.23
 The voltage-current relationships for the primary and
secondary coils give the matrix equation

EQ.1

By matrix inversion, this can be written as

EQ.2
 For the T network of Figure.(13.22), mesh analysis provides the
terminal equations as

EQ.3

Equating terms in the impedance matrices of Equations.(1) and

(3) leads to
 For the π network in Figure.(13.23), the nodal analysis gives the
terminal equations as

EQ.4

Equating terms in the admittance matrices of Equations.(2) and

(4) leads to
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
In the circuit of Fig. 13.24, calculate the input impedance and
current I1.
Take Z1 = 60 − j100 Ω , Z2 = 30 + j40 Ω , and ZL = 80 + j60 Ω .

 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Find the input impedance of the circuit of Fig. 13.25 and the
current from the voltage source.
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Determine the T-equivalent circuit of the linear transformer
in Fig. 13.26(a).

COUPLED COILS
MRTSOEAFRRN
TRANSFORMER
 STEP-UP
TRANSFORMER
THANK YOU!