‫‪November 4, 2015‬‬

‫‪Republic of Yemen‬‬
‫‪University of Science & Technology‬‬
‫‪Department of Civil Engineering‬‬

‫‪REINFORCED CONCRETE 1‬‬

‫‪First Lecture‬‬
‫]‪[Introduction‬‬
‫‪Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh‬‬
‫‪MSc. in Civil Engineering‬‬

‫‪November 4, 2015‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪REINFORCED CONCRETE 1‬‬ ‫‪Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫‪MSc. in Civil Engineering‬‬

‫‪ Course Contents:‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰات وﻋﯿﻮب اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت اﻟﻜﻮد اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯿﺎت اﻹﺟﮭﺎد واﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﺣﻒ واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎرات ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺤﻨﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻻﺟﮭﺎدات اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ أﺣﺎدﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
‫‪November 4, 2015‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

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‫‪November 4, 2015‬‬

‫‪REINFORCED CONCRETE 1‬‬ ‫‪Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫‪MSc. in Civil Engineering‬‬

‫‪ Course Contents:‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻧﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺣﺮف‪.T‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺣﺮف‪T‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﺣﺮف‪.T‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
‫اﺟﮭﺎدات اﻟﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﺺ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻊ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﺟﮭﺎدات اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫أطﻮال اﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫أطﻮال اﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أطﻮال اﻟﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪. Hooks‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻼت ﺣﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ‪. deflection‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ‪. simple beams‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ‪. continuous beams‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

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‫‪REINFORCED CONCRETE 1‬‬ ‫‪Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh‬‬

‫‪Introduction‬‬ ‫‪MSc. in Civil Engineering‬‬

‫‪ Learning assessment:‬‬

‫‪Learning Assessment:‬‬

‫‪Mark Proportion of Final‬‬

‫‪No.‬‬ ‫‪Assessment Tasks‬‬ ‫‪Week due‬‬
‫‪Assessment‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Homework/Tasks/Assignments‬‬ ‫‪W1-7 & W9-15‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5%‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Mini Project‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10%‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Quiz 1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪2.5 %‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Midterm Exam‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪20 %‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Quiz 2‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪2.5 %‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Final Exam‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪60 %‬‬

‫‪total‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100 %‬‬

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November 4, 2015

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Textbooks:
 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh (2014), REINFORCED CONCRETE
Analysis & Design Steps VOLUME (1).

 ACI 318-08 (2011). “Building Code Requirement for Structural

Concrete,” American Concrete Institute, MI.

 Additional References:
 Jack C. McCormac & Russell H. Brown (2014), Design of
Reinforced Concrete 9th Ed- ACI 318-11 Code Edition. John
Wiley & Sons , Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey-USA.

 M. Nadim Hassoun & Akthem AL-Manaseer (2012), Structural

Concrete Theory and Design 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons , Inc.,
Hoboken, New Jersey-USA.

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Course Aims :

:‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﺮر إﻟﻰ اﻻﺗﻲ‬

.‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬.1

.‫ ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬.2

.‫ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺺ‬.3

.‫ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.4

.‫ ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬.5

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November 4, 2015

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Course Policies:

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Introduction:

 CONCRETE is made by mixing:

 CEMENT.

 WATER.

 COARSE (gravel) AND FINE (sand)

AGGREGATES.

 ADMIXTURES (if required).

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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November 4, 2015

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Introduction:

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Cement :

 The cement powder, when mixed

with water, forms a paste.

 This paste acts like glue and holds or

bonds the aggregates together.

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Water :

 Water is mixed with the cement

powder to form a paste which holds

the aggregates together like glue.

 Water must be clean, free from any

dirt, unwanted chemicals that may

affect concrete.
CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Aggregate:

 Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag.
 Aggregates are of two basic types:
 COARSE: crushed rock, gravel.
 FINE: fine and coarse sands and crusher fines.
 Aggregates should be:
 STRONG and HARD so as to give a strong final concrete.
 CLEAN since dirt or clay sticking to the aggregates will weaken the bond
between paste and aggregates.
 GRADED be of a range of sizes so that they fit together well to give a strong
and dense concrete.
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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Admixtures:

 Admixtures are mixed into the

concrete to change or alter its

properties, ie the time concrete takes

to set and harden, or its workability.

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Water–Cement Ratio:
 The water–cement ratio is one of the most important factors affecting the strength of
concrete.
 For complete hydration of a given amount of cement, a water–cement ratio (by weight) equal
to 0.25 is needed.
 A water–cement ratio of about 0.35 or higher is needed for the concrete to be reasonably
workable without additives.
 A water–cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.7 may produce a concrete strength of about 35 and 21
MPa, respectively.).

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Water–Cement Ratio:

CONCRETE BASICS A Guide to Concrete Practice, Australia 2010

November 4, 2015 15

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Concrete and Reinforced Concrete :

 Concrete has high compressive strength and very low tensile strength. Reinforced concrete,

is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the tensile

strength lacking in the concrete.

 Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building construction materials in every

country. And they are used in buildings of all sorts; (bridges, buildings, retaining walls,

tunnels, tanks, ...etc.).

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Reinforced Concrete Members:

 Reinforced concrete structures consist of a series of “members” that working to support the
loads placed on the structures. The members can be broadly classified into:

1- Slabs

Slabs are the main horizontal elements that transfer the moving live loads as
well as the dead loads to the vertical elements of a structure.

2- Beams

Beams are the structural elements that transfer the loads from slabs to
vertical supporting columns. They are normally cast monolithically with the
slabs. As they are cast monolithically with the slabs, they form a T-beam section
for interior beams or an L-beam at the building exterior.

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Reinforced Concrete Members:

 Reinforced concrete structures consist of a series of “members” that working to support the loads
placed on the structures. The members can be broadly classified into:

3- Columns

The vertical elements support the structural floor system; beams and slabs. They
are compression members subjected in most cases to both bending and axial load, and
are of major importance in the safety considerations of any structure.

4- Foundations

Foundations are the structural concrete elements that transfer the weight of the
superstructure to the ground (soil). They could be in many types (Isolated footing,
Combined footings, Mat foundations, Strip footing or wall footing and Piles).

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Reinforced Concrete Members:

Load path from the structure’s slab to the ground (Apostolos Konstantinidis, 2008)

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Reinforced Concrete Members:

Reinforced concrete building elements. (J. K. WIGHT and J. G. MACGREGOR, 2012)

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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material:

 The tremendous success of this universal construction material can be understood quite
easily if its numerous advantages are considered. These include the following:

1. It has considerable compressive strength per unit cost compared with most other
materials.

2. Reinforced concrete has great resistance to the fire and water.

3. Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.

4. It is a low-maintenance material.

5. As compared with other materials, it has a very long service life. This can be
explained by the fact that the strength of concrete does not decrease with time but
actually increases over a very long period, measured in years.
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REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material:

6. It is usually the only economical material available for footings, floor slabs,
basement walls, and similar applications.

7. A special feature of concrete is its ability to be cast into a variety of shapes.

8. In most areas, concrete takes advantage of inexpensive local materials (sand, gravel,
and water).

9. A lower grade of skilled labor is required for erection as compared with other
materials such as structural steel.

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November 4, 2015

REINFORCED CONCRETE 1 Ibrahim M. H. AL-Shaikh

Introduction MSc. in Civil Engineering

 Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material:

 To use concrete successfully, the designer must be completely familiar with its weak points
as well as its strong ones. Among its disadvantages are the following:

1. Concrete has a very low tensile strength, requiring the use of tensile reinforcing.

2. Forms are required to hold the concrete in place until it hardens sufficiently.

3. The low strength per unit of weight of concrete leads to heavy members, n important
consideration for tall buildings and long-span structures.

4. The properties of concrete vary widely because of variations in its proportioning and
mixing.

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