Civil Engineering Structural Calculation – Concrete Tanks

5. PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO ANALYZING A REINFORCED CONCRETE

TANK FLOOR SLAB. EXAMPLE OF HOW A RECTANGULAR
REINFORCED CONCRETE TANK FLOOR SLAB IS CALCULATED

5.1 Principles applied to analyzing a reinforced concrete tank floor slab

5.1.1. Calculating floor slabs in bending Ultimate Limit State

Determining the bending moment

In the event that the footings of both the perimeter walls and the central pillars are independent
from the rest of the floor slab, they will be calculated by means of the usual procedures applied
to footings in walls or pillars.

Next, once the floor slab has constant thickness, it will be discretized by means of a node- and-
bar structure on an elastic bed. In fact, the simplest discretization, as explained in previous
sessions, may consist of a beam of unit width.

The next step is to assign the corresponding mechanical area and inertia characteristics to the
bars of the structure.

Regarding the constraints, the two end nodes will have a single support, while the central
nodes, which according to Girkmann are the only ones that remain supported on the ground
(see section 11.3), will rest on a spring with vertical stiffness Kx = k· A, where k is the ground
ballast modulus, and A is the area of influence of the spring. Finally, the following are some of
the actions to be considered :

▪ To resolve the first combination of actions C12: 1,50x (Full weight) + 1,50x (Hydrostatic
load) + 1,50x(Msh) + 1,00x(Msp), the following will be applied on the structure:

o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,50·qs applied on all the bars.

𝑞𝑤𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑤 = 1,50·qω applied on all the bars.

𝑀𝑠ℎ𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠ℎ = 1,50·Msh applied on end nodes.

𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 1,00·Msp applied on the two end nodes.

▪ To resolve the second combination of actions C13: 1,50x (Full weight) + 1,60x(Mst) +
1,00x(Msp), the following will be applied on the structure:

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o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,50·qs applied on all the bars .

o 𝑀𝑠𝑡𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑡 = 1,60·Mst applied on the two end nodes.

o 𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = γf·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 1,00·Msp applied on the two end nodes.

Solving this structure by means of combinations C12 and C13 will allow us to obtain the floor
slab’s bending moments.

Calculating bending reinforcements

On the one hand, in order to calculate the bending reinforcement at the upper face, first obtain
the envelope from the law applied to the bending moments of the upper face at the joining point
between combinations C12 and C13 (since both can leave one besides their respective laws on
the upper face). This operation results in obtaining the necessary reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠1 , with the
parable-rectangle method.

On the other hand, to calculate the bending reinforcement at the lower face first obtain the
envelope from the law applied to the bending moments of the lower face at the joining point
between combinations C12 and C13 (since both can leave one besides their respective laws on
the lower face). This operation results in obtaining the necessary reinforcement, 𝐴𝑠4 , with the
parable-rectangle method.

5.1.2. Calculating the floor slab in shear stress Ultimate Limit State

By using the floor sab discretization mentioned in the previous section, the maximum shear
stress value Qsdmax must be calculated. This value must be absorbed by the contribution of
concrete Vcu without burrs.

5.1.3. Calculating the floor slab in single traction Ultimate Limit State

The aim is to solve the single traction Ultimate Limit State from combination C14: 1,00x(Nsh) +
1,00x(Nsp).

The tensile stress originated at the concrete tank’s floor slab will be:

𝑁𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 · 𝑁𝑠ℎ + 𝛾𝑓 · 𝑁𝑠𝑝 = 1,00 · 𝑁𝑠ℎ + 1,00 · 𝑁𝑠𝑝

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Not increasing this action is the result of adopting a tension value of only 𝜎𝑠 = 100 ó 130 N/mm2
in steel. As a result, the reinforcement value will be as follows:

𝑁𝑠𝑑
𝐴𝑠3 =
𝜎𝑠

5.1.4. Verifying the floor slab in cracking Serviceability Limit State

The aim is to resolve this Serviceability Limit State according to the combinations C15: 1.00x
(Full weight) + 1.00x (Hydrostatic load) + 1.00x(Msh) + 1.00x(Msp) and C16: 1.00x (Full weight)
+ 1.00x(Mst) + 1.00x(Msp).

To solve the combination of actions C15, the same bending moments found in combination C12
will be used, but in this case, without increasing.

Similarly, in order to solve the combination of actions C16, the unincreased bending moments of
combination C13 are to be used.

Next, to find the cracking reinforcement on the upper face, reinforcement As2 is calculated for
the envelope of bending moments of the upper face at the union of combinations C15 and C16,
to produce a crack opening of w_k ≤ 0.2 or 0,1 mm according to the adopted cracking criteria.

Finally, to determine the cracking reinforcement on the lower face, the reinforcement As5 that is
necessary for the envelope of bending moments on the lower face, at the union of combinations
C15 and C16, to produce a crack opening of w_k ≤ 0.2 or 0,1 mm according to the adopted
cracking criteria.

5.1.5. Reinforcement arrangement in concrete tank floor slab

Rectangular floor slabs

▪ Floor slab upper-face reinforcement:

o The reinforcement necessary for bending is 𝐴𝑠1 .

With reinforcement 𝐴𝑠2 a crack opening 𝑤𝑘 ≤ 0,2 or 0,1 mm is guaranteed according to the
adopted cracking criteria.

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o The minimum reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 meets the established quantity requirement

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0,0015 ó 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The reinforcement necessary for single bending is 𝐴𝑠3

Thus, the reinforcement to be set at the upper face of the floor slab will be

max (𝐴𝑠1 ; 𝐴𝑠2 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛1 ) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2

▪ Floor slab lower face reinforcement:

o The reinforcement necessary for bending is 𝐴𝑠4 .

With reinforcement 𝐴𝑠5 a crack opening 𝑤𝑘 ≤ 0,2 or 0,1 mm is guaranteed. It is in accordance

with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The minimum reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2 meets the established quantity Requirement

of 𝜌𝑚í𝑛,𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0,0015 ó 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking
criteria.

o The reinforcement necessary for single traction is 𝐴𝑠3

Thus, the reinforcement to be placed at the lower face of the floor slab will be max
(𝐴𝑠4 ; 𝐴𝑠5 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2.

▪ Shear reinforcement: In the case of rectangular floor slabs, the thickness will be
defined in a way that shear stress values obtained with the combination of actions C12
and C13, remain less than the contribution of concrete 𝑉𝑐𝑢 in order to avoid using burrs.

Circular floor slabs

▪ Radial floor slab upper-face reinforcements

o The reinforcement necessary for bending is 𝐴𝑠1 .

o With reinforcement 𝐴𝑠2 a crack opening 𝑤𝑘 ≤ 0,2 or 0,1 mm is guaranteed in

accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The minimum reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛1 meets the established quantity requirement of

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0,0015 or 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The reinforcement necessary for single traction is 𝐴𝑠3

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Thus, the radial reinforcement to be placed on the floor slab upper face will be max
(𝐴𝑠1 ; 𝐴𝑠2 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛1) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2.

▪ Radial floor slab lower-face reinforcement:

o The reinforcement necessary for bending is 𝐴𝑠4 .

o Reinforcement 𝐴𝑠5 guarantees a crack opening 𝑤𝑘 ≤ 0,2 or 0,1 mm in

accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The minimum reinforcement 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2 meets the established quantity requirement of

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0,0015 or 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.

o The reinforcement necessary for single traction is 𝐴𝑠3

Thus, the radial reinforcement that must be placed on the lower face of the floor slab will
be max (𝐴𝑠4 ; 𝐴𝑠5 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2.

▪ Circumferential floor slab upper face reinforcement: It coincides with the minimum
reinforcement Asmin1 that meets the established quantity requirement of ρmin,bending =
0,0015 or 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.
▪ Circumferential floor slab lower face reinforcement: It coincides with the minimum
reinforcement Asmin2 that meets the established quantity requirement of ρmin,bending =
0,0015 or 0,0020 in accordance with the adopted cracking criteria.
▪ Circumferential floor slab lower face reinforcement: Likewise, in the case of circular
floor slabs, thickness will be calculated in such a way that the shear stress values
obtained with the combination of actions C12 and C13 may be less than the contribution
of concrete Vcu thus avoiding the use of burrs.

5.2 Example of how a rectangular reinforced concrete tank floor slab is calculated

5.2.1. Initial data

A rectangular concrete tank floor slab that has been buried must be calculated based on the
following measurements:

a = b = 8,00 m, for a water height of Hw = 4,00 m.

Landfill height is also Ht= 4,00 m., and the geotechnical characteristics are:

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▪ Specific land weight : t = 19 KN/m3.

▪ Internal land friction angle : ø = 27, 50º.

The level place the floor slab rests on is of a medium quality with a ballast coefficient of k =
20.000 KN/m3.

Bear in mind that the concrete tank contains chemically aggressive liquid, hence the use of the
hypothesis on the maximum allowable crack opening:

▪ For the upper face, and due to the aggressiveness of the liquid, the following value is
adopted: wmax = 0,1 mm.
▪ For the lower face, since there are no significant thermal requests, the following value is
adopted: wmax = 0,2 mm.

Figure 4. Geometry of reinforced concrete tank

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5.2.2. Preliminary data

Proposed floor slab thickness hs = 0,40 m.

Concrete to be used: Type HA-30/P/20/IV.

Therefore:

fck= 30 N/mm2
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 𝛾𝑐
= 1.5 = 20 N/mm2 = 20.000.000 N/m2.

Passive reinforcements B 500 S.

Thus, the assumption is: 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500 N/mm2

𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 𝛾𝑠
= 1.15 = 435N/mm2 = 435.000.000 N/m2.

Covering of c = 40 mm.

5.2.3. Actions to consider in calculating the floor slab

▪ Floor slab full weight: 𝑞𝑠 = 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 ·ℎ𝑠 = 25.000 · 0,40 = 10.000 N/m2.

▪ Hydrostatic load: 𝑞𝑤 = 𝛾𝑤 ·𝐻𝑤 = 10.000 · 4,00 = 40.000 N/m2.

𝑤
▪ hydrostatic thrust against the wall: 𝑀𝑦28 = −𝑀𝑠ℎ = 54.080 𝑁 · 𝑚/𝑚

𝑤
110.016 𝑁
𝑅𝑦28 = 𝑁𝑠ℎ = = 73.344 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝛾𝑓 = 1,50 𝑚

𝑡
▪ Earth pressure against the wall : 𝑀𝑦28 = −𝑀𝑠𝑡 = 37.836 𝑁 · 𝑚/𝑚

𝑡
82.101 𝑁
𝑅𝑦28 = 𝑁𝑠𝑡 = = 51.313 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝛾𝑓 = 1,60 𝑚

▪ Wall prestressing : Not applicable since there is no reinforced concrete wall.

5.2.4. Minimum floor slab reinforcements

▪ Upper face: 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛1 = 0,0020 · 100 · 40 = 8,00 cm2 = 1ø12c/14 cm.

▪ Lower face: 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2 = 0,0015 · 100 · 40 = 6,00 cm2 = 1ø12c/19 cm.

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5.2.5. Floor slab discretization

Floor slab discretization is performed by using a Conventional planar portico calculation

program, adopting a beam of width length unit l = 8,00 + 0,35/2 + 0,35/2 = 8,35 m., and
supported by a Winkler elastic bed.

▪ Node coordinates:

1 (y=0,000; x=0,000) 6 (y=4,675; x=0,000)

2 (y=0,675; x=0,000) 7 (y=5,675; x=0,000)

3 (y=1,675; x=0,000) 8 (y=6,675; x=0,000)

4 (y=2,675; x=0,000) 9 (y=7,675; x=0,000)

5 (y=3,675; x=0,000) 10 (y=8,350; x=0,000)

▪ Bar mechanical characteristics:

o Bars 1 to 9:

▪ Node restraints:
o Nodes 1, 10 (single support):

𝐾𝑦 = 0
{𝐾𝑥 = 1 · 1020 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝐾𝑔 = 0

o Nodes 2, 9 (springs):

𝐾𝑦 = 0
𝐾𝑁 0,675 1,00
𝐾𝑥 = 20.000 3 · 1,00𝑚 · ( + ) 𝑚 = 16.750 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑚 2 2
{ 𝐾𝑔 = 0

o Nodes 3 to 8 (springs):

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𝐾𝑦 = 0
3
{𝐾𝑥 = 20.000 𝐾𝑁/𝑚 · 1,00𝑚 · 1,00𝑚 = 20.000 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝐾𝑔 = 0

In case the calculation of the vertical deformation of the floor slab is required due
to each of its interior nodes in which the slab has been discretized, it would
suffice to multiply the stiffness Kx at each interior node of the floor slab by the
surface load of the considered state; thus:

▪ Deflection at each interior node of the floor slab due to its full weight = Kx
x 10,000 N/m2 x 1m x 1m.
▪ Deflection at each node of the floor slab due to hydrostatic pressure
(weight of water contained in the deposit) = Kx x 40,000 N/m2 x 1m x 1m.

▪ Combination of load hypothesis:

C12: 1,50x (Full weight) + 1,50x (Hydrostatic load) + 1,50x(Msh) + 1,00x(Msp)

o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,50 · 10.000 · 1,00 = 15.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.

o 𝑞𝑤𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑤 = 1,50 · 40.000 · 1,00 = 60.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.
o 𝑀𝑠ℎ𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠ℎ = 1,50 · 54.080 = 81.120 N·m/m, in nodes 1 to 10 (with its sign).
o 𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 0.

C13: 1,50x (Full weight) + 1,60x(Mst) + 1,00x(Msp)

o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,50 · 10.000 · 1,00 = 15.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.

o 𝑀𝑠𝑡𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑡 = 1,60 · 37.836 = 60.537 N·m/m, in nodes 1 to 10 (with its sign).
o 𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 0.

C15: 1,00x (Full weight) + 1,00x (Hydrostatic load) + 1,00x(Msh) + 1,00x(Msp)

o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,00 · 10.000 · 1,00 = 10.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.

o 𝑞𝑤𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑤 = 1,00 · 40.000 · 1,00 = 40.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.
o 𝑀𝑠ℎ𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠ℎ = 1,00 · 54.080 = 54.080 N·m/m, in nodes 1 to 10 (with its sign).
o 𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 0.

C16: 1,00x (Full weight) + 1,00x(Mst) + 1,00x(Msp)

o 𝑞𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑞𝑠 = 1,00 · 10.000 · 1,00 = 10.000 N/m, in bars 1 to 9.

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o 𝑀𝑠𝑡𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑡 = 1,00 · 37.836 = 37.836 N·m/m, in nodes 1 to 10 (with its sign).
o 𝑀𝑠𝑝𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 ·𝑀𝑠𝑝 = 0.

5.2.6. Calculating the floor slab in bending Ultimate Limit State

Solving the discretized floor slab by means of combinations C12 and C13 provides the following
bending moments:
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = -81.120 N·m/m, (upper face).

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 0 N·m/m, (upper face).

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +60.537 N·m/m, (lower face).

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +69.850 N·m/m, (lower face).

The envelope from the law applied to bending moments at the upper face, and at the union of
combinations C12 and C13, produces the following results:
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
On the edge : 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = -81.120 N·m/m

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 81.120
𝜇= = = 0,033 → 𝑤𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0,04
𝑏 · 𝑑2 · 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1,00 · (0,40 − 0,05)2 · 20.000.000

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑤·𝑏·𝑑·𝑓𝑐𝑑 0,04·1,00·0,35·20.000.000

𝐴𝑠1 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑
= 435.000.000
· 10.000 = 6,4𝑐𝑚2 = 1𝜙12𝑐 17,7 cm

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
▪ In the central part: 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 0 N·m/m

𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠1 = 0,0 𝑐𝑚2

The envelope from the law applied to bending moments at the upper face, and at the union of
combinations C1 and C2 produces the following results :
𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒
On the edge : 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +60.537 N·m/m

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑖𝑛𝑓 60.537
𝜇= = = 0,025 → 𝑤𝑚í𝑛 = 0,04
𝑏· 𝑑2 · 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1,00 · (0,40 − 0,05)2 · 20.000.000

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑤·𝑏·𝑑·𝑓𝑐𝑑 0,04·1,00·0,35·20.000.000

𝐴𝑠4 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑
= 435.000.000
· 10.000 = 6,4𝑐𝑚2 = 1𝜙12𝑐 17,7 cm

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𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
▪ In the central part: 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = +69.850 N·m/m (lower face)

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑖𝑛𝑓 69.850
𝜇= = = 0,029 → 𝑤𝑚í𝑛 = 0,04
𝑏· 𝑑2 · 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1,00 · (0,40 − 0,05)2 · 20.000.000
𝑤·𝑏·𝑑·𝑓𝑐𝑑 0,04·1,00·0,35·20.000.000
𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠4 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑
= 435.000.000
· 10.000 = 6,4𝑐𝑚2 = 1𝜙12𝑐 17,7 cm

5.2.7. Calculating the floor slab in shear stress Ultimate Limit State

Solving the discretized floor slab by means of combinations C12 and C13 provides the following
maximum shear stress value:

Qsdmax = 129.240 N/m.

The criteria to be apply is based on the assumption that the maximum shear stress may be
absorbed by the contribution of concrete Vcu:

𝑉𝑐𝑢 = (0.12 · 𝜉 · 3√100 · 𝜌𝑙 · 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) · 𝑏𝑜 · 𝑑 (in N/m)

Whereas:

200 200
𝜉 =1+√ 𝑑
= 1 + √350 = 1,756

100⁄
𝐴𝑠 14·1,13
𝜌1 = = = 0,0023
𝑏𝑜 ·𝑑 100·35

𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2.

𝑏𝑜 = 1.000 mm. (Width unit).

d = 300 mm.
3
→ 𝑉𝑐𝑢 = (0.12 · 1,756 · √100 · 0,0023 · 30) · 1.000 · 350 = 140.407 𝑁/𝑚

When 𝑄𝑠𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 =129.240 N/m ≤ 𝑉𝑐𝑢 = 140.407 N/m, burrs are not required, and the thickness for
the floor slab is correct.

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5.2.8. Calculating the floor slab in single traction Ultimate Limit State

Combination of actions C15: 1,00x(Nsh) + 1,00x(Nsp)

𝑁𝑠𝑑 = 𝛾𝑓 · 𝑁𝑠ℎ + 𝛾𝑓 · 𝑁𝑠𝑝 = 1,00 · 73.344 + 1,00 · 0 = +73.344 𝑁/𝑚

Thus, by adopting a tension of 𝜎𝑠 = 100 N/mm2 in the steel, the reinforcement will be:

𝑁𝑠𝑑 73.344 1
𝐴𝑠3 = = · = 7,33𝑐𝑚2
𝜎𝑠 100 100

5.2.9. Verifying the floor slab in cracking limit state

Solving the discretized floor slab by means of combinations C15 and C16 provides the following
bending moments:
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
𝑀𝑠,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = -54.080 N·m/m, (upper face).

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑠,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 0 N·m/m, (upper face).

𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒
𝑀𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +37.836 N·m/m, (lower face).

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜
𝑀𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +46.570 N·m/m, (lower face).

The envelope of the law applied to the bending moments in the upper face, at the union of
combinations C4 and C5, produces the following results :
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
▪ On the edge: 𝑀𝑠,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = -54.080 N·m/m

𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒
𝑠1 = 1𝜙12𝑐 17,7 cm

The crack opening is 𝑤𝑘 = 𝛽 · 𝑠𝑚 · 𝜀𝑚 = 1,64 · 209,38 · 0,000533 = 0,18𝑚𝑚 >

0,1𝑚𝑚 → 𝑁𝑂 ‼

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
The reinforcement must be increased, thus, it is proposed that 𝐴𝑠2 = 1𝜙12𝑐 16𝑐𝑚 +
1𝜙6𝑐 16𝑐𝑚, and in this case, the new crack opening is : 𝑤𝑘 = 𝛽 · 𝑠𝑚 · 𝜀𝑚 = 1,64 · 164,09 ·
0,00038613 = 0,10𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0,1𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂𝐾 ‼

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
▪ In the central part: 𝑀𝑠,𝑠𝑢𝑝 = 0 N·m/m

𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠2 = 0𝑐𝑚2

© Structuralia 68
 Civil Engineering Structural Calculation – Concrete Tanks

The envelope of the law applied to the bending moments in the lower face, at the union of
combinations C4 and C5, produces the following results:
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
▪ On the edge: 𝑀𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +37.836 N·m/m

𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒
𝑠4 = 1𝜙12𝑐/17,7𝑐𝑚

The crack opening is: 𝑤𝑘 = 𝛽 · 𝑠𝑚 · 𝜀𝑚 = 1,64 · 209,38 · 0,00037291 = 0,13𝑚𝑚 ≤

0,2𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂𝐾 ‼

𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
Thus, 𝐴𝑠5 = 1𝜙12𝑐/17,7𝑐𝑚

𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
▪ In the central part : 𝑀𝑠,𝑖𝑛𝑓 = +46.570 N·m/m

𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠4 = 1𝜙12𝑐/17,7𝑐𝑚

The crack opening is: 𝑤𝑘 = 𝛽 · 𝑠𝑚 · 𝜀𝑚 = 1,64 · 209,38 · 0,0004501 = 0,15𝑚𝑚 ≤

0,2𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂𝐾 ‼

Therefore, 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠5 = 1𝜙12𝑐/17,7𝑐𝑚

5.2.10. Reinforcement arrangement in concrete tank floor slab

▪ Floor slab upper face reinforcement :
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
o On the edge part = max (𝐴𝑠1 ; 𝐴𝑠2 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛1 ) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2= max (1ø12c/17,7 cm;
1ø12c/16 cm +1ø6c/16 cm ; 1ø12c/14 cm)+7,33/2 ≈ 1ø12c/15 cm + 1ø10c/15
cm (upper lateral reinforcement).
o In the central part, in the absence of bending, and having 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠2 = 0 𝑐𝑚2 ,
the reinforcement to be used will be = max (𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛1 ; 𝐴𝑠3 /2)= max (1ø12c/14 cm;
1ø12c/14cm; 7,33/2) ≈ 1ø12c/15 cm.
▪ Tank Wall lower face reinforcements:
𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒
o On the edge part = max (𝐴𝑠4 ; 𝐴𝑠5 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2 ) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2= max (1ø12c/17,7 cm;
1ø12c/17,7 cm; 1ø12c/19 cm) + 7,33/2 ≈ 1ø12c/15 cm + 1ø8c/15 cm.
o In the central part = max (𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠4 ; 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑠5 ; 𝐴𝑠𝑚í𝑛2 ) + 𝐴𝑠3 /2 = max (1ø12c/17,7 cm;

1ø12c/17,7cm; 1ø12c/19 cm) ≈ 1ø12c/15 cm + 1ø8c/15 cm.

69 © Structuralia