THERMODYNAMICS

B Y: R A H M A D R I YA D I , M . T
Reference book

1. Introduction Chemical Engineer Thermodynamic 7 th edition,

By: J.M Smith
H.C. Van Ness
M.M. Abbott

2. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics 6 th edition

By: Michael J. Moran
Howard N. Shapiro
Basic principles thermodynamics

What do you need to know about thermodynamics?

1. What it is thermodynamics?

2. What are the laws of thermodynamics?

3. Volumetric properties of pure fluids

 boundary

system environment
Thermodynamics

Thermodymics The science of studies changes in energy (heat and work).

Thermodynamics consists of:

1. System Something to observe

2. Environment Something that is outside the system that can affect the system

3. Boundary system Something that divides between System and Environment

Types of thermodynamic reactions: Example:

1. Endoterm : Heat absorption
2. Eksoterm : Heat release
rice cooker
Principles Shell and Tube (Heat Exchanger)
Laws of thermodynamics

L0
If two systems are in
equilibrium with a third
system, then all three are in
equilibrium with one another.
L1
Energy can’t be
created/destroyed, but can
be converted to other forms
of energy. (absolute law of
energy)
L2
Heat flows spontaneously
(naturally) from a high
temperature object to a low
temperature object, and does
not flow spontaneously in the
opposite direction.
L3
when a system reaches
absolute zero temperature,
all processes will stop and
the entropy of the system will
approach its minimum value.

∆E A = ∆E B = ∆E C ∆E = Q-W ∆S = ∆S (system) + ∆S (Surrounding) ∆S (T=0) = 0

C Work
System 1 2 wa Entropy
A B ter
ice
Surrounding
Heat
Volumetric properties of pure fluids

1. Internal energy

The presence of kinetic energy which is affected by temperature, so that there is a change in
energy in the system.

for Gas: for Solid/Liquid:

∆U = n Cv ∆T ∆U = m C ∆T

where:
monatomic Cv = 3/2 R
diatomic Cv = 5/2 R
triatomic Cv = 7/2 R
2. Enthalpy

Change in energy in the form of heat at constant pressure

∆H = ∆U + P ∆V

3. Ideal gas

The absence of intermolecular interactions and the internal energy is only affected by temperature

PV=nRT

Type of process on ideal gas:

a. Isovolume process if the volume of a gas is constant

𝑃 𝑛𝑅 𝑃1 𝑃2
= = C (constant) =
𝑇 𝑉 𝑇1 𝑇2
b. Isobar process if the pressure of a gas is constant

𝑃 𝑇 𝑇1 𝑇2
= = C (constant) =
𝑛𝑅 𝑉 𝑉1 𝑉2

c. Isothermal process if the temperature of a gas is constant

𝑃 𝑉 = 𝑛 𝑅 𝑇 = C (constant) 𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

d. Adiabatic process thermodynamic process without heat transfer

 𝐶𝑝
∆U = Q – W Q = 0, 𝛾 =
𝐶𝑣
W = - ∆U

− 𝑛 𝑅 ∆𝑇 − 𝑛 𝑅 (𝑇2−𝑇1)
W = =
(𝛾 −1) (𝛾 −1)

atau

− (𝑃2 𝑉2 −𝑃1 𝑉1)

=
(𝛾 −1)
Thank you