08 - High Voltage Equipments & Their Safety Guidelines

Course Agenda
High Voltage Equipments & their Safety Guidelines

Purpose: Introduction to various high voltage equipments and their safety guidelines for carrying-out
safe operations on-board.
Objectives: The participants will gain an insight that why it is preferred to generate and distribute
power at high voltages on
on-board.
board What kind of dangers are associated with different kind of electrical
equipments and how ABB's seven step are implemented while working on various HV equipments.
Some technical details of equipments are also covered in this section.
Duration: 2 hrs.
Learning Methods: Interactive Lecture & Videos
© ABB Group
February 26, 2010 | Slide 1
Why HV Systems are Preferred?
With higher voltages, lower currents are handled, so dimensions of

the cables will be reduced
Lower losses in distribuution systems
LV rated equipments do not have ampacity ratings to meet higher
power requirements
i t
Voltage
V lt CB Max.
M R ti
Rating S
Source or Load
L d % IIncrease Vs.
V
(kV) (kA) (MW) 480 V
0 480
0.480 4 27
2.7 -
4.16 3 17.3 6.5X
66
6.6 3 27 4
27.4 10 3X
10.3X
13.8 3 57.4 21.6X
© ABB Group
Possible Alternatives for Distribution Systems
Using IEC voltage levels, following alternatives are most

common selected:
11 kV: Medium voltage generation and distribution. Should be used

when total installed generator capacity exceeds 20 MW.
MW Should be
used for motors from 400 kW and above.
6.6 kV: Medium voltage
g g generation and distribution. Should be
used when total installed generator capacity is between 4-20 MW.
Should be used for motors from 300 kW and above.
690 V
V: Low
L voltage
lt generation
ti andd di
distribution.
t ib ti Sh
Should
ld b
be used
d
when total installed generator capacity is below 4 MW. Should be
used for consumers below 400 kW and as primary voltage for
converters for drilling motors.
For utility distribution lower voltage is used, e.g. 400/230 V.
© ABB Group
ABB Electric Power and Propulsion System
Generators
MV and LV
Transformers Switchboards
Azipod®
Propulsion
Propulsion/Thruster
Drives
© ABB Group
Cargo Pump Drives/Motors
Dual Fuel Electric Propulsion
© ABB Group
Electrical Propulsion Systems
The electrical propulsion system on a ship can be:

Traditional shaft drive system
y
Motor added to a standard propulsion thruster
Fullyy podded
p p
propulsion
p system
y
The traditional shaft-driven system contains in addition to the shaft,
a propeller, and an electrical motor running the shaft. The propeller
is of the fixed or variable pitch type
Electric propulsion is often built in connection to standard,
commercial, propulsion thrusters.This is done by co-operation or by
i d
independent
d tddelivery
li
An electrical propulsion system is usually the largest consumer of
electrical p
power on the ship
p
© ABB Group
Conventional vs. Podded Propulsion
A direct diesel
driven system
with shaft line
propulsion
Electrical system
with Azipod®
propulsion
© ABB Group
RoPax Ferry – 3 Versions Source: Deltamarin
Propulsion motors
15 % More capacity
on lower deck
Main engines & Generators
25 % More capacity
on lower deck
© ABB Group
A High Degree of Redundancy gives High Safety
and Availability
Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel

Electric Electric Electric Electric
Generator Generator Generator Generator
Electric Electric
Power Power
Distribution Distribution
Electric Electric
Propulsion Propulsion
System System
Propulsion
Shaft Line
© ABB Group
Benefits of Electric Propulsion
Building Cost
Better utilization of space - more efficient ship
designs
Competitiveness in electric propulsion – single
source supply in steam turbine
Operational
Fuel efficient,
efficient >40% for electric propulsion vs
vs.
<30% for steam propulsion
Lack
L k off crew for
f steam
t turbines,
t bi LNG carriers
i are
today the only commercial vessel type where this
concept is used
© ABB Group
Benefits Electric Propulsion
Increased Safety
Safety,
S f redundancy
d d and
d availability
il bili iis iincreased
d
Environmental
No SOx
Minimizing NOx
Clean combustion – reduced particle emission
and maintenance
© ABB Group
Typical Layout
Integrated Control and Monitoring System

Dynamic Positioning
Bridge Operator
Stations Plant Network Information Management
Simulation
Remote Diagnostics
Control Network
Thrusters
Fieldbus Network
Local Engine Control
Power Generation
Power Distribution Propulsion
Propulsion Drives
© ABB Group
Electrical Propulsion Systems
Electrical system of a ship with Azipod® propulsion units
© ABB Group
Components of Electrical Propulsion System
Combustion engines, often diesel engines or

gas motors,
t function
f ti as the
th primary
i sources off
power.
These run the generators. Depending on the
q
required p
power,, engines
g can be turned off and
generators detached from the network.
The
Th generators
t are connected
t d to
t the
th electrical
l ti l
system’s main bus bar, which is the main
switchboard.
it hb d
© ABB Group
Components of Electrical Propulsion System
There are busbar breakers in the main

switchboard so that generators,
generators motors
motors,
transformers or damaged sections of the
network can be detached from the network
network.
The main switchboard is divided into two or more
sections to make the system redundant.
A frequency converter between the main
switchboard and the propulsion motor
Transformer between the main switchboard and
the frequency converter.
© ABB Group
Typical Overall Single-Line Diagram
Example for Ice Breaker Supply Vessel

© ABB Group
Typical Main Switch Board Fault Currents
Normal operation Circuit breaker Switchboard
Voltage Description Max Max Min Ik2 Break /make STW / Peak
Iac Ip
[V] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA] [kA]
6600 6.6 kV Main Switchboard * 13.1 33.7 1.05 25 / 80 31.5 / 80
1650 Propulsion Drive. 11.2 27.9 5.5 NA NA
720 Bow
o Thr. Drive
e 9.8 24.6 6.8 56 / 440 NA
(normal operation)
690 Bow Thr. Drive 0.083 0.117 0.08 2) NA

(pre-magnetizing
operation)
ti )
440 Main LV Switchboard 39.2 88.4 18.3 1) 1)
1) Not part of ABB delivery, information not available

2) Circuit must be protected by feeder in 440V Switchboard
* For the main switchboard minimum fault current equals the short-circuit capacity of one
generator, guaranteed value is 3 times nominal current.
© ABB Group
Example for Ice Breaker Supply Vessel
List of High Voltage Equipments On-board
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
Distribution switchboards
Auxiliaryy and Emergency
g y swgr.
g
Circuit breakers, contactors
Protection relays
Motor Drives (cyclo-converter, frequency converter)
Azipod®
© ABB Group
High Voltage Equipments On-board
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Generators and Motors
Today’s High Voltage generators are

used
d tto produce
d allll off th
the electrical
l ti l
energy on a ship.
In general on a ship there are four to
six large machines that function as
generators, usually driven by diesel
engines.
engines
© ABB Group
Electrical Power Plant
© ABB Group
Main Components AMG
Transformers Neutral Point Line Terminals
Stator Core
Air Filters
Stator Windings
Shaft
End Shield
D-end Bearing
Exciter
F
Fan
Rotor Poles
Diode Bridge Rotor Windings
© ABB Group
Terminals
The stator line terminals and neutral terminals are situated in the top box
on the top of the generator
Excitation transformers are installed in the terminal box
The terminals for excitation and control equipment are in auxiliary terminal
box
Voltage Transformer Neutral Point

Main Terminals
Differential
Protection
Transformers
Current Transformer Short Circuit Current
for Parallel Operation Transformers
© ABB Group
General Safety Instructions
f Hi
for High
h Voltage
V lt Machines
M hi
© ABB Group
Electric Machines – Standards Requirements
Where a risk assessment is required, this is

performed using risk factor tables provided in the
standards.
Depending on the risk factors identified in the
assessment, the motor may have to be equipped
with
ith a space heater,
h t and d / or special
i l measures
may be required.
Special measures typically involve the provision
of pre start ventilation.
© ABB Group
General Safety Instructions – Machines
Electric machines have dangerous live and rotating

parts and may have hot surfaces. All operations
serving transport, storage, installation,
connection,, commissioning,g, operation
p and
maintenance shall be carried out by
responsible skilled persons
© ABB Group
Additional Safety Instructions for Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Machines
Only qualified personnel familiar with the

relevant safety requirements are allowed
to open and maintain permanent magnet
synchronous machines.
It is not allowed to remove the rotor of a
permanent magnet synchronous machine
without the special tools designed for this
purpose.
© ABB Group
Electrical Connections - Safety Rules
B f
Before starting
t ti work
k
The following safety rules must be strictly applied:
D
De-energize!
i !
Provide safeguard against reclosing!
Verify safe isolation from supply!
Connect to earth and short!
Cover or pprovide barriers against
g neighbouring
g g live
parts!
De-energize auxiliary circuits
(f example,
(for l anti-condensation
ti d ti h heating)!
ti )!
© ABB Group
Note rating plate markings and connection

diagram in the terminal box.
The connection must be made in a way that
the permanent safe electrical connection is
maintained.
Use appropriate cable terminals.
Establish and maintain safe equipotential
bonding.
© ABB Group
The clearances between High Voltage

uninsulated
i l t d lilive parts
t anddb
between
t such
h
parts and earth must not be below the
values
l off appropriate
i t standards
t d d and d values
l
given in manufacturer's documentation.
No presence of foreign bodies, dirt or
moisture is allowed in the terminal box.
© ABB Group
Close unused cable entrance holes and the

b ititself
box lf iin a d dust-
t and
d watertight
t ti ht manner.
Lock the key when the machine is run
without
ith t coupling.li
© ABB Group
Operation - Safety Rules
In case of deviations from normal operation -

for example, elevated temperature, noises,
vibrations - disconnect machine
machine, if in doubt
doubt.
Establish cause and consult manufacturer, if
necessary.
necessary
Do not defeat protective devices, not even in
trial run.
run In case of heavy dirt deposits
deposits, clean
cooling system at regular intervals.
Open blocked condensate drain holes from
time to time.
© ABB Group
Additional Safety Instructions for Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Machines
When the machine shaft is rotating, a

induces voltage to the terminals.
The
Th induced
i d d voltage
l iis proportional
i l to the
h
rotational speed, and can be hazardous
even at low
l speeds.d
Prevent any rotation of the shaft before
opening
i th the tterminal
i lb box and/or
d/ working
ki att
the unprotected terminals.
© ABB Group
The terminals of a machine with frequency

converter supply may be energized even
when the machine is at a standstill.
Beware of reverse-power
reverse power when working at
the supply system.
Do not exceed the maximum allowed
speed of the machine.
See product specific manuals.
manuals
© ABB Group
Magnetic stray fields

fields, caused by an open
or disassembled permanent magnet
synchronous machine or by a separate
rotor of such a machine, may disturb or
damage other electrical or
electromagnetic equipment and
components such as cardiac
components,
pacemakers, credit cards and equivalent.
© ABB Group
Loose metallic parts and waste must be

prevented from entering the interior of the
as well as getting into contact with the
rotor.
Before closing an opened permanent
magnet synchronous machine, waste and
any parts not belonging to the machine
must be removed.
© ABB Group
Beware of magnetic stray fields and possible

g when rotating
induced voltages g the separate
p
rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous
machine as theyy mayy cause damage
g to
surrounding equipment.
© ABB Group
Rules During any Operations
Disconnect and lock out before

working on the machine
or the driven equipment.
Ensure no explosive atmosphere is present

while the work is in progress.
© ABB Group
Starting and Re-starting

The maximum number of the sequential
starts has been declared in machine’s
technical documents.
documents
The new starting sequence is allowed after
the machine has cooled to the ambient
temperature (-> cold starts) or to operating
temperature (-> warm starts)
starts).
© ABB Group
Earthing and Equipotentialing

Check before starting that all earthing and
equipotentialing cables are effectively
connected.
connected
Do not remove any earthing or
equipotentialing cables
cables, which has been
assembled by the manufacturer.
© ABB Group
Clearances, creepage distances and

separations
Do not make any removal or adjustment in
terminal boxes
boxes, which could decrease
clearances or creepage distances between
any parts.
parts
Do not install any new equipment to
terminal boxes without asking for advises
from the manufacturer of the original
equipment.
equipment
© ABB Group
Clearances,, creepage
p g distances and
separations
Be sure that air gap between rotor and stator is
measured after any maintenance for the rotor or
bearings The air gap shall be the same in any
bearings.
point between stator and rotor.
Centralize the fan to the centre of the fan hood or
the air guide after any maintenance. The
clearance shall be at least 1% of the maximum
diameter of the fan and in accordance with
standards.
© ABB Group
C
Connections
ti iin terminal
t i l boxes
b (Ex
(E motors)
t )
All connections in main terminal boxes must
be made with Ex-approved connectors,
c a
which are
e de
delivered
e ed with
t tthe
e machine
ac e by tthe e
manufacturer.
All co
connections,
ec o s, in auxiliary
au a y terminal
e a bo
boxes,
es,
as marked intrinsically safe circuits (Ex i or
EEx i)) must be connected to p proper
p safety y
barriers.
© ABB Group
Space heaters
If an anti-condensation heater
heater, without self-
regulation, is turned on immediately after the
motor is shut down,
down take suitable measures
to control the inside motor housing
temperature.
temperature
The anti-condensation heaters can only
operate within a temperature controlled
environment.
© ABB Group
P
Pre-start
t t ventilation
til ti
Ex nA / EEx nA and Ex e / EEx e machines
may, or in some cases, have to be equipped
with a provision for pre-start ventilation.
Before starting, check the need to purge the
machine enclosure to make sure that the
enclosure is free
f off flammable
f gases. Based
on the risk assessment, make the decision,
whether
hether there is a need to use se the pre
pre-start
start
ventilation or not.
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Transformers – Function
Transformers are mainly used to transform voltage

levels
Other functions of transformers are galvanic isolation
of different voltage levels and establishing the phase
shift
Transformers that bring about the phase shift can be
used to feed a frequency converter, in order to
remove the largest harmonic currents.
© ABB Group
Transformer Types
“W t” & “D
“Wet” “Dry”
”TTransformers
f
© ABB Group
Dry Transformers – Enclosures
IP-classification - Enclosures
A dry transformer is normally used for indoor operation with IP00
protection BUT additional IP protection can be supplied
IP00
IP31 IP44
IP23
© ABB Group
Transformers
Transformer Safety
R
Recommendations
d i
© ABB Group
Transformers – Symbols of Danger
Symbols of danger can be found on the Transformer
Warning:
g Prohibition:
Danger - High Voltage Do Not Touch
Surface Area is Live
© ABB Group
Transformers – Safety
Work on the transformer is only permitted

in voltage-free and earthed condition
Transformer windings can be normally

insulated on the outer surface by means of an
epoxy resin layer. This insulation does not,
however make them shockproof in terms of
however,
the valid standards.
© ABB Group
Every transformer radiates a magnetic field when

in operation.
The magnetic field is not significantly reduced by a
housing.
Any persons with a cardiac pacemaker or metal
implants should avoid the area within a radius of 3
metres (10 ft
ft.).
)
Housing or housing parts must not be
disassembled during operation
© ABB Group
Verify
y that anyy inductor is de-energized
g before
testing for continuity or resistance
Uncontrolled release of energy may result if the
inductor's current is suddenly interrupted
Electromagnets and superconductive magnets
may produce large external force field that may
affect the proper operation of the protective
instrumentation and controls
© ABB Group
By de
de-energizing
energizing a magnet suddenly can
produce large eddy currents in adjacent
conductive materials that may
y cause excessive
heating and hazardous voltages.
A magnetic field could attract nearby magnetic
material, including tools, that could cause injury
or damage on impact
impact.
© ABB Group
Protection against
g touch
Transformers supplied as only IP00 must be
l k d away under
locked d use, guaranteeingt i when h
energised they can never be touched.
Th transformer
The t f castt resin
i coilil surface
f is
i
NOT touch safe. Accidental touch protection
co ld be pro
could provided
ided thro
through
gh the installation of
safety barriers, gates or similar.
© ABB Group
Earth Connections
The joint
Th j i t resistance
i t off the
th protective
t ti earthing
thi
must be dimensioned in such a way that
protective systems (e(e.g.
g fusible cut
cut-out,
out
overload switch, breaker, etc.) are in
operation at all times and trigger as the case
may be.
The cross section of the earthing connections
must comply with the regulations and on-site
conditions
diti - mustt be
b maintained
i t i dd during
i
repair/maintenance operations.
© ABB Group
Electrical and Mechanical Connections
The minimum distance (see table supplied by
manufacturer) between live parts as well as between
live p
parts and earthed pparts must not be fallen short of.
This relates to the distances between cables and high
voltage windings in particular.
All retaining elements of the screw connections are to
be checked and replaced as the case may be before re-
connecting.
connecting
All connections must fit tightly and be mechanically
secure The bolts for the electrical connections are to be
secure.
tightened using a torque wrench.
© ABB Group
Min. Distance/Space Requirements
The transformers outline drawing g can best be used for
dimensions of the units. The installation cell should be
designed so that the rating plate and all monitoring
equipment can be read without entering the cell.
Minimum distances must be maintained between all live
parts
t and
db between
t live
li parts
t tto earth.
th
To ensure non-restricted circulation of air on all sides of
th transformer,
the t f a 0.3
0 3 m minimum
i i distance
di t tto any wallll
must be maintained and in addition, distance must be
allowed for installation and maintenance requirements
requirements. A
distance greater than 0.5 m must be maintained
between two transformers.
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Types of Switchboards
Unimotor
UniSwitch
UniSafe
U iS f
UniGear
SafePlus
SafeRing
etc.
t
© ABB Group
Switchboard Functions
Different
e e t types o
of cub
cubicles:
c es
Protection
Distribution
Generation
G ti
Measuring
g
etc
© ABB Group
Metal Clad Design
Pressure relief
Circuit breaker 12 kV,
kV 25 kA
Air insulated
A Busbar compartment
B Breaker compartment
C Cable compartment
D Control compartment
1 Busbars
2 Tulip
p contacts
3 Vacuum circuit breaker
4 Earthing switch
5 C
Current
t ttransformer
f
6 Voltage transformer
7 Control unit
© ABB Group
Metal Enclosed Design
KV)
Byy H/1600 = 400 mm (12 kkV)
Byy H/1850 = 650 mm (24 K
Pressure relief
200
© ABB Group
LV Switchgear
UniMotor - Motor Control Center

Arc Proof Insulated MCC
© ABB Group
HV Switchgear
For primary voltage distribution

Metal-clad
Arc-proof tested
Pre-galvanized steel sheets
© ABB Group
High Voltage (Main) Switchboard
Voltage supply centre of the ship. All consumers

of electricity on-board get their electricity either
directly from
f the main switchboard or through
transformers.
Two or more sections to make the system
redundant, which means that the ship will
maintain
i t i itits capacity
it tto function
f ti ini a fault
f lt
situation.
© ABB Group
HV Switchgear
Frequency:
y 50 Hz or 60 Hz. 60 Hz is a more
common frequency in ship networks
Higher
Hi h ffrequency Æ smaller
ll transformers
t f
and generators
Typical voltage levels: 440V, 690V, 3300V,
and 6600V
6600V.
Larger
g Vessels: 11 kV
© ABB Group
Compartments in Metal-Clad Switchgear
Compartments:
r
1 Circuit breaker
q
2 Busbar
o
3 Cable
4 Auxiliary
n 5 Interconnection
wiring
ii d ductt
p 6 Voltage transformers
s
© ABB Group
Operation and Protection – Components
REF/REM
Main features:
Protection
Measurement
M
Control
Signaling
Interlock
Automation
Communication
© ABB Group
Internal Arc Safety
Arc-proof tested
Tested according to IEC 298 standards, appendix AA, class A,
criteria 1 to 6.
Criteria:
1 Correctly secured doors
doors, covers do
Testiing setup
p
not open.
2 Parts which may cause a hazard do
not fly off.
3 No holes in the freely accessible
external parts of the enclosure.
enclosure
4 Vertically arranged indicators do not
Infrared
mera
ignite.
cam
5 Horizontal arranged indicators do not

ignite.
6 Earthing connections are still
effective.
© ABB Group
Early Detection of Internal Arc Faults
Different solutions for internal
arc detection and quenching,
based on various technologies:
Fast Recovery Device - based

on pressure sensors
Arc Guard
G - fiber
f optic light
detectors
REA - Arc Protection Relays
© ABB Group
Before Opening the Door
© ABB Group
Check for Position Indication
© ABB Group
Checking for Energized Busbars
Voltage Indicators
The capacitive dividers for voltage signalling are

integrated in the CTs. They are connected to a device
containing
t i i ththe signalling
i lli llamps andd th
the b
bushings
hi ffor
checking phase concordance.
© ABB Group
Safety Interlocks
UniSafe mechanical and electrical locks are fitted with

micro-switches for circuit supply or interruption.
Th mechanical
The h i l llocksk are:
– force locks;
– prevention locks;
– electromechanical locks;
– safety locks (padlocks/keys)
© ABB Group
Safety Locks
© ABB Group
Safety Locks
© ABB Group
UniSafe – Safety
Instruction
Manual
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Circuit breakers & contactors
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Power System Protection
Purpose:
To increase safety
To
T avoid
id bl
black-outs
k t
To prevent machinery damage
To detect and minimize further damage
g
The extent
Th t t off the
th protection
t ti system
t depends
d d on
what is to be protected
© ABB Group
High Voltage Disconnecting Equipments
Circuit Breaker
Disconnector
Switch
Fuse
Contactor
etc.
etc
© ABB Group
Circuit Breakers
Critical factors in switching off: thermal recovery,

dielectric recovery and duration of recovery
voltage.
M i ttypes:
Main
Air insulated
Oil circuit
Air-blast
SF6 ((Sulphurhexa
p Fluoride Gas))
Vacuum
© ABB Group
Circuit Breakers
Short-circuit currents
Manual/Automatic operation
Local/Remote
L l/R t C
Control
t l
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Protection Relays
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and

closes
l automatically
t ti ll underd th the command d off
another electrical circuit. It allows a low power to
control a higher one
one.
A small current energizes the relay, which closes a
gate, allowing a large current to flow through.
The modern relays are based on micro-processor,
micro processor,
also called Numeric or Digital relays.
© ABB Group
Relays Installed On-board
REM 54_, used for protection of Machines

(Generators/Motors)
REF 54_, used for protection of Feeders
RET 54
54_, used for protection of Transformers
REA 10_, used for detecting arc-faults
© ABB Group
Relays – Machine Protection
The REM 545 machine

t
terminals
i l are used d as th
the
main protection system of
generator and generator
generator-
transformer units in small and
medium-power
medium power diesel,
diesel
hydroelectric and steam
power p
p plants.
The protection for large
and/or important MV
synchronous and
asynchronous motors used
© ABB Group
The REM 545 terminal measures phase

currents phase
currents, phase-to-phase
to phase or phase
phase-to-earth
to earth
voltages, neutral current, residual voltage,
frequency and power factors.
factors
Active and reactive power is calculated from
measured currents and voltages.
Energy can be calculated on the basis of the
measured power
© ABB Group
REM 543/545 Machine Terminal
© ABB Group
Relays – Feeder Protection
The REF 541, REF 543 and REF 545

feeder terminals are designed to be used
for protection, control, measurement and
supervision of medium voltage networks.
They can be used with different kinds of
switchgear including single busbar, double
busbar and duplex systems
systems.
© ABB Group
REF 54_ – Feeder Terminal
© ABB Group
REF 54_ – Feeder Terminal
Features:
- multi protections
- control
- measurement
- condition
monitoring
- supervision
i i
- communication
© ABB Group
REF 54_ – Feeder Terminal Front Panel
Big graphical display 128x160 pixels

– 20 rows, 16 characters
– Automatic backlight
8 freely programmable alarm LEDs

by configuration green, yellow, red
One TEST, INTERLOCK LED L
Freely programmable push button
Power supply connected (Uaux)
Protection start and trip indication
Optically isolated RS 232 port
© ABB Group
REF 54_ – Feeder Terminal Front Panel
Pushbuttons for local control
Control position indication

L
Remote / local / disabled / logic

push button
Navigation / menu handling

push buttons
© ABB Group
REF 54_ – Feeder Terminal Rear Plate
© ABB Group
Conventional CT´s and VT´s or/and sensors
X7.1 X6.1 X5.1 X4.1 X3.1 X1.1

27
X2 1
X2.1
1 1 1 1
1
1
26
2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3 3
3
2
25
4 4 4 4
5 5 5
4
5
5 X2.2 24
6 6 6 6 1
6
7 7 7 7
7 2
23
8 8
8
9 9
8 8
9
22
9 9
10
10 10 10 10
11
21
11 11 11 11
12
12 12 12 12
13 X2.3 20
13 13 13 13
14 14 14 14
14 1 19
15 15 15 15 2
15
18 18 18 18
18 18
17 17 17 17
17
18
X2.4 17
18 18 18 18
1
Current sensor 2 16
15
X7.2 X6.2 X5.2 X4.2 X3.2 14
X2.5 13
Current transformer
1 1 1
1 1
2
2 2 2 2 12
3 3
3 3
4
4 4 4 X2.6 11
5 5
6
5
6
5
X3.3 1 10
6 6 2
7
8
7 7 7 9
8 8 8
9
10
9 9 9 8
10 10 10
11
11 11 11 7
12
12 12 12 X2.7
13
13 13 13
1
6
14 14
14 14 2
15
15 15 15 5
18
17
18
17
18
17
18
17
X2.8 4
18 18 1
18
18
2
3
2
1
Voltage sensor
Voltage transformer
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Motor Drives
Modern frequency converters can control the

rotational speed and the torque of AC motors very
precisely.
Drive has become a general name for a power
electronics appliance, made up of one or several
converters.
Function depends on the converter type
type. Drives
often use energy storage elements e.g., capacitor
banks.
banks
© ABB Group
Cyclo-converter
Max. continuous current up to 4500A

Nominal speed of delivered motors 30…220rpm
Max.
Max speed 720rpm (motor supply frequency 24
Hz, network frequency 60 Hz and 4 pole motor)
© ABB Group
Frequency Converter
Low speed and high power

frequency converter
Runs always synchronous
motor (AC motor with DC
excitation)
Power up to 27 MW
Motor
nominal voltage
1350 V... 1570 V
© ABB Group
AC Drive – Applications
D
Dynamic
i Positioning
P iti i off Floating
Fl ti Vessels
V l
Distributed Concept
This dynamically positioned
offshore drilling rig is
equipped with four ACS 6000
single drives.
Power generation and
propulsion can be separated
and distributed to the most
convenient locations resulting
in cost-effective construction.
© ABB Group
AC Drive – Applications
Main Propulsion with Thrusters
Transformerless Multi-Motor-
Drive Concept
This service vessel with two
main propulsion Azimuth
thrusters is assisted by two
smaller (tunnel) thrusters.
This type of configuration is
used for smaller power
requirements.
The mostt economic
Th i solution
l ti
is an arrangement with two
ACS 6000 multi-drives and
li reactances
line t iinstead
t d off
transformers.
© ABB Group
© ABB Group
ACS6000sd – Danger Zones
© ABB Group
Thyristor Power Converters (DC Drives)
S f
Safety S
Symbols
b l
© ABB Group
Safety
y Instructions
All electrical installation and maintenance
work on the thyristor power converter must be
carried out by properly qualified staff who
have been thoroughly
g y trained in electrical
engineering.
The thyristor power converter and its adjacent
units must be properly earthed by qualified
p
professionals.
© ABB Group
Safety
y Instructions
You must NEVER perform any work on the
thyristor power converter while it is still
switched on.
Always,
Always first switch the unit off and use a
measuring instrument to make absolutely sure
that the power converter has really been de- de
energized, and only then you may start with
the work concerned.
© ABB Group
Safety Instructions
Due to external control circuits, there may be
g
dangerously y high
g voltages
g p present at the
thyristor power converter even after the line
voltage has been switched off.
Always work at the unit with appropriate
caution!
Non-compliance with these instructions may
result in injury (or even death!).
© ABB Group
Safety
y Instructions
When thyristor power converters are in use,
the electric motors, power transmission
elements and the driven machines are
working in an extended operating range,
which
hi h means they
h h have to cope with
iha
relatively high loading.
You should have made sure that all units,
devices and appliances used are actually
suitable
it bl for
f this
thi higher
hi h lloading.
di
© ABB Group
Safety
y Instructions
For insulation testing, you must disconnect
all cables from the thyristor power
converter.
You should avoid operating your unit at
values other than the rated data.
Non-compliance with these instructions
may cause lasting damage to the thyristor
power converter.
© ABB Group
Safety Instructions
The
Th thyristor
h i power converter possesses a
number of automatic reset functions.
When these functions are executed, the
unit will be reset after an error and will then
resume operation.
These functions should not be used if other
units and devices are not suitable for an
operating mode of this kind,
kind or if their use
might entail dangerous situations.
© ABB Group
Emergency Stop Buttons

EMERGENCY STOP buttons must be
installed at each control desk and at all other
control
t l panelsl requiring
i i an emergency stop t
function.
NOTE:
Pressing the STOP button on the CDP 31x
control panel of the thyristor power converter
g
will neither cause an emergency y motor stop,
p
nor will the drive be disconnected from any
dangerous potential.
© ABB Group
Generators
Motors, Pumps
Transformers
g y swgr.
g
Protection relays
Motor Drives
Azipod®
© ABB Group
Azipod® – A Fully Podded Propulsion System
The Azipod® is a podded propulsion system, azimuthing through 360° about its
steering axis. The structure of Azipod® unit itself is shown below.
© ABB Group
The Azipod® contains an electric single or

double-wound AC motor mounted directly on
the extremely short propeller shaft
shaft.
The motor drives a fixed-pitch propeller.
The propeller motor is controlled by a
frequency converter.
converter The converter
produces full nominal torque, available in
either direction over the entire speed range
range.
© ABB Group
Propeller rpm can be freely optimised

according to varying hydrodynamics of each
project.
project
The Azipod® propulsion system consists not
only the Azipod® unit itself, but also
converters transformers
converters, transformers, switchboards
switchboards,
generators, etc.
© ABB Group

08 - High Voltage Equipments & Their Safety Guidelines

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08 - High Voltage Equipments & Their Safety Guidelines

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Course Agenda

High Voltage Equipments & their Safety Guidelines

 With higher voltages, lower currents are handled, so dimensions of

4.16 3 17.3 6.5X

13.8 3 57.4 21.6X

Using IEC voltage levels, following alternatives are most

 11 kV: Medium voltage generation and distribution. Should be used

 The electrical propulsion system on a ship can be:

Main engines & Generators

Diesel Diesel Diesel Diesel

Integrated Control and Monitoring System

Local Engine Control

Electrical system of a ship with Azipod® propulsion units

 Combustion engines, often diesel engines or

 There are busbar breakers in the main

Example for Ice Breaker Supply Vessel

Normal operation Circuit breaker Switchboard

6600 6.6 kV Main Switchboard * 13.1 33.7 1.05 25 / 80 31.5 / 80

1650 Propulsion Drive. 11.2 27.9 5.5 NA NA

690 Bow Thr. Drive 0.083 0.117 0.08 2) NA

1) Not part of ABB delivery, information not available

 Today’s High Voltage generators are

Diode Bridge Rotor Windings

Voltage Transformer Neutral Point

 Where a risk assessment is required, this is

Electric machines have dangerous live and rotating

 Only qualified personnel familiar with the

 Note rating plate markings and connection

 The clearances between High Voltage

 Close unused cable entrance holes and the

 In case of deviations from normal operation -

 When the machine shaft is rotating, a

 The terminals of a machine with frequency

 Magnetic stray fields

 Loose metallic parts and waste must be

Beware of magnetic stray fields and possible

Disconnect and lock out before

Ensure no explosive atmosphere is present

Starting and Re-starting

Earthing and Equipotentialing

Clearances, creepage distances and

 Transformers are mainly used to transform voltage

Work on the transformer is only permitted

Transformer windings can be normally

 Every transformer radiates a magnetic field when

UniMotor - Motor Control Center

 For primary voltage distribution

 Voltage supply centre of the ship. All consumers

5 Horizontal arranged indicators do not

Fast Recovery Device - based

REA - Arc Protection Relays

The capacitive dividers for voltage signalling are

UniSafe mechanical and electrical locks are fitted with

Critical factors in switching off: thermal recovery,

 A relay is an electrical switch that opens and

 REM 54_, used for protection of Machines

 The REM 545 machine

 The REM 545 terminal measures phase

 The REF 541, REF 543 and REF 545

 Big graphical display 128x160 pixels

 8 freely programmable alarm LEDs

 One TEST, INTERLOCK LED L

 Freely programmable push button

With higher voltages, lower currents are handled, so dimensions of

11 kV: Medium voltage generation and distribution. Should be used

The electrical propulsion system on a ship can be:

Combustion engines, often diesel engines or

There are busbar breakers in the main

Today’s High Voltage generators are

Where a risk assessment is required, this is

Only qualified personnel familiar with the

Note rating plate markings and connection

The clearances between High Voltage

Close unused cable entrance holes and the

In case of deviations from normal operation -

When the machine shaft is rotating, a

The terminals of a machine with frequency

Magnetic stray fields

Loose metallic parts and waste must be

Transformers are mainly used to transform voltage

Every transformer radiates a magnetic field when

For primary voltage distribution

Voltage supply centre of the ship. All consumers

Critical factors in switching off: thermal recovery,

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and

REM 54_, used for protection of Machines

The REM 545 machine

The REM 545 terminal measures phase

The REF 541, REF 543 and REF 545

Big graphical display 128x160 pixels

8 freely programmable alarm LEDs

One TEST, INTERLOCK LED L

Freely programmable push button

Power supply connected (Uaux)

Protection start and trip indication

Optically isolated RS 232 port

Modern frequency converters can control the

Max. continuous current up to 4500A

The Azipod® contains an electric single or

Propeller rpm can be freely optimised