Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Thesis Presented to
The College of Engineering
St. Paul University Surigao
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MINING ENGINEERING
By:
CUARTERO, BRYAN C.
NOTORIO, JECILYNN P.
PADILLA, ERNESTO JR.
May 2022
St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
APPROVAL SHEET
Analysis of Slope Stability in Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine by GIS
Application
prepared and submitted by Bryan Cuartero, Jecilyn Notorio, and Ernesto Padilla Jr
and has been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance for
ORAL EXAMINATION.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Certificate of Originality
This is to certify that this research paper is our work and does not contain any
material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a
substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in Saint Paul
University Surigao, and other educational institutions, except where due acknowledgment
is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom we
have worked at Saint Paul University Surigao or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in
the thesis.
BRYAN CUARTERO
Candidate
JECILYNN NOTORIO
Candidate
ERNESTO PADILLA JR
Candidate
Date: _________________
Attested by:
Date: _____________
St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for the wisdom and
strength He endowed us throughout this research work.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to the geologists of M-
Project UAE who impart their thoughts and share their expertise in our study. We would
also like to show deep appreciation to the staff of Taganito Mining Corporation (TMC);
Engr. Duane Paloma and Engr Harvy Jason Contreras for providing us with the technical
data, information, and maps needed for this project.
We also acknowledge our instructor and adviser, Engr. Nathaniel D. Tiu for the
invaluable guidance and encouragement throughout this research.
We are extremely grateful to our families and loved ones for the prayers, care,
and sacrifices to make our dream come true.
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
ABSTRACT
Analysis of Slope Stability in Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine by GIS
Application
The study aims to determine and test the slope stability of the mined-out open pit
within the area of coverage by spatial analysis through Geographic Information System
(GIS) Software. The researchers used spatial analysis and remote sensing to generate the
value of the perimeter factors through this mapping system. The stability of the slope in
open pit mines is an issue of great concern because of the significant detrimental
consequences and instabilities can have during the operation. It is necessary to
systematically assess and manage slope stability risk to ensure safety whenever the area
will be used to construct any structures in the future.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
CHAPTER
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
3 METHOD
Research Design
Participants
Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Conclusions
Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A Letter of Consent
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
B Questionnaire
CURRICULUM VITAE
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CHAPTER I
Mining is one of the country's most progressive and productive industries today.
Because of the advancement of technology, mining continues to improve its processes
and tap into the modernization of equipment for an efficient and responsible mining
operation. This field also plays an essential economic role, contributing significantly to
overall growth. Responsible mining takes care of the environment and does not focus on
profit but on improving the environment.
In the open-pit mining method, the vertical height of the open-pit mine slope
continues to increase; the slope deformation and failure mode have a close relationship
with soil and geological features. The slope stability is influenced largely by rock mass,
joints and fissures, and fault lines. Weathering and soil creeping with heavy rainfall can
affect the steep slope area, particularly in open pit mines. Unstable slopes, soil
movement, and heavy rains are dangerous direct damage on high and steep slopes. The
soil and rock instabilities occur when several factors come together for one reason or
another. The slope stability monitoring and mapping by GIS can be performed in two
distinct circumstances: before or after the outbreak of the movement. In the first case, if
the slope is stable, then it should have conducted monitoring. The purpose of slope and
ground monitoring is to define sliding/collapsing surfaces with the best chance of
environmental damage. This kind of monitoring is critical because it allows for choosing
the parameters for the study to ensure the stability of the open pit mine. People are
considerably living in danger without knowing the geologic identity of their area. The
rock identity and soil characteristics are essential, specifically in constructing a building
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
or house, to secure safety and protection from rock falls and landslides for those who
chose to reside in the area. Soil is the mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids,
and organisms that support life on Earth, while a rock is a solid mass of geological
material.
The Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open pit mine is near a river and creeks. This area
is prone to landslides and soil erosion, especially during bad weather conditions. The
researchers conduct data gathering MGB, NEDA, and PHIVOLCS for the effectiveness
or accuracy of information aside from GIS-developed data through satellite imaging.
Using a geohazard map helps identify the safe areas for future infrastructures and
constructions; satisfaction with this slope analysis study applied in mining for the best
partner in safety purposes. The researchers conducted this study to help the community
and mining industry enhance information and educational campaigns to aim for zero
casualties and minimize expenses for repeating damage during weather calamities.
A proposed study using GIS applications will solve the issues mentioned above.
This study aimed to determine the geologic hazard monitoring of a specific area. The GIS
Application is designed with essential tools for map viewing, printing, and querying
spatial data. The GIS Application can create maps that people can see through the GIS
output, which is the Geologic Monitoring and Safety Methods means hazard
identification and hazard analysis.
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The Analysis of Slope Stability in an Open Pit Mine Through GIS Application
can promote awareness and monitoring of the geologic and slope stability to the living
people within the Taganito, Claver, Surigao del Norte, and in a specific area. Determine
geologic and soil monitoring of the mining and quarry with the updated elevation of 20
meters intervals or it depends on what elevation for detailed mapping we used GPS
location, Tape measure, and other methods. The operation and accuracy of the ground are
based on its composition.
The topographic map is very useful for determining the contour elevation in an
actual survey and it indicates the physical features of the land. The symbols used to
represent features can be of three types: points, lines, and polygons. Points are used to
depict features like bridges and buildings. Lines are used to illustrate features that are
linear graphically. Some common linear features include roads, railways, and rivers.
However, we also need to include representations of area, in the case of forested land or
cleared land; this is done through the use of color in map legends.
Figure 1. will show the Input Process Output (IPO) Diagram of the flow of our
study. It shows the process and the materials which are used to determine the movement
of the soil, how we gather and input data, how the materials are being applied, and tested
on how it would come to its desired output.
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Software
- Arc GIS version 10.3
- MapInfo Professional
- Global Mapper
- Google Earth
- Map Source
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
The First Box shows the input of how we gathered the data and the materials we
used. The gathered data will be used for generating output using GIS Application
software. All the recorded data survey in actual is put into one map. The conduct of the
actual survey and the GPS location should collect and segregated. The collected data
from the different agencies is very reliable on such data gathered in terms of accuracy
and effectiveness. In addition, the researchers applied the software to indicate all
hazardous materials coming from the ground verification. The Analysis follows a step-
by-step process to generate output in ArcGIS Software and the hardware and software for
The process box shows the GIS Operator/s the data gathered during the survey are
input into a GIS software application and lay out the map to make it very simple and easy
to understand the output Location collected data. surveys must be put into one layout of a
map layout. GPS data location, collecting auger sampling, and others are important to
complete these requirements. The GIS specialist interpolates of elevation model and
generates a slope map and layout plan with a 1:10,000 scale map.
The output of this study is a generated map from the ArcGIS software application
that was evaluated in terms of accuracy; efficiency was determined based on the
reliability of data collected from said agencies and partnership of research study applied
particularly in mining and quarry area, the accuracy was evaluated through the ability
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technical adviser of in terms of preciseness and correctness. The output printed on a map
would be benefited communities, establishment owners, future researchers, engineering
students, and mining and quarry companies. This study also determines the risk potential
in the areas and it helps to develop all resources from the owner of the mining and quarry
operators.
Computer- Assisted
Digitizing
Field Surveying
GPS Surveying
Figure 2. Methods of Data Acquisition show the GIS user works and create a
manual digitizing involves an operator using a digitizing table (or tablet) (known as
heads-down digitizing), or with the operator using a computer screen (heads-up
digitizing). The digitizing table has a fine grid of wires embedded in it that acts as a
Cartesian coordinate system. The coordinate may be in a plane or geographic coordinates.
The procedure involves tracing map features in the form of points, lines, or polygons with
a mouse (puck) which relays the coordinate of each sample point to be stored in the
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computer. The tablet and puck acting together with the computer can locate the puck’s
position relative to reference information provided by the operator (McGowan, 1998).
Figure 3. Shows the layers of separated data composed of shape files in one
geodatabase. A layer can be anything that contains similar features such
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
The map has a two-dimensional plane from the three-dimensional earth’s surface,
using a software application first to do is Geographic Referencing, which is useful when
the data is gathered for accurately locating points with coordinates. Second, Projection is
one of the requirements in a map particularly when putting coordinates in a corner with
four points, and it is called geo-referencing.
This study aimed to design a geographic information system map for geologic
monitoring and safety methods and identifying the hazard in the research area.
Specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions to achieve the
abovementioned purpose.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
3. What is the level of slope stability in the research using the GIS?
Assumption
This researched assumed that by the end of the study, they would be able to create
a GIS map with geologic monitoring. The following are the assumptions of the
researchers upon completion of this project:
Using a GIS application, this research establishes slope maps and possible slope
failure locations, including geological conditions around a chosen open pit mine. This
study would add knowledge about software applications using Arc GIS in engineering
methods; for the interpolation and generating of map data from DENR-MGB and TMC
where the affected areas are identified through this application. Furthermore, this study
would be beneficial for the following:
Mining Company. The mining company can analyze the stability of the slope
within an active pit. This tool will give awareness of possible erosion from
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This study covers and is limited to the following parameters: gather useful
information and concepts for the geographic information system map for geologic
monitoring and safety methods. The study area is within the company's availability and
covers barangay. The study shows that GIS is a comprehensive technology designed to
compile, process, analyze, display, and archive extensive volumes of data. A well-
designed, implemented, and supported GIS management structure is critical to the
success of any mining and quarry operations. GIS will replace the old map analysis
process: traditional drawing tools and drafting.
This study was conducted during the second semester of the Academic Year
2021-2022 at Saint Paul University Surigao, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, Philippines,
8400.
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Definition of Terms
Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Representation of the bare ground (bare earth)
topographic surface of the Earth excluding trees, buildings, and any other surface objects.
Digital Surface Model (DSM). is one of the geospatial features generated with a UAV
mapping system that captures both the natural and built/artificial features of the
environment.
Digital Terrain Model (DTM. A topographic model of the bare Earth that can be
manipulated by computer programs.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Department of Sciences and Technology (DOST). The primary science and technology
body in the Philippines supports local efforts in science, technology, and research and
development.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature
This Section of the study reviews books, electronic sources, and other literature
which have a direct bearing on the present study. They are classified as foreign, Asian,
and local source-related studies and literature regarding the Geologic Monitoring and
are related to human impact on the living environment, habitats, land use, and natural
resources. However, exploitation can have many negative impacts on the immediate
environment of the exploitation sites. Mining has a long history in the Philippines. Small-
scale mining has been practiced by the Philippine people for at least ten centuries, and
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Finally, this is most important with a new technology to deal with the potential to
revolutionize many aspects of society through an increased ability to make decisions and
solve problems. This GIS application can generate and interpolate from the data
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Using ArcGIS software, the data of researchers gathered data during the conduct
of fieldwork and collected data from the different agencies from MGB, NEDA,
PHIVOLCS, MINDA, and NAMRIA maps to produce output and it always recorded the
drill depth, coordinated location and number of samples. Using these base maps, the
proposed drill location can anticipate weather calamities and it will be accurate output
when data is input into GIS and generate slope elevation after putting database. Spatial
data, also known as geospatial data, is information about a physical object that can be
represented by numerical values in a geographic coordinate system.
Geodatabase GIS is the primary data storage model for ArcGIS. It is a container
of spatial and attribute data and enables the user to store many different types of GIS data
within its structure. With its comprehensive GIS data model, geospatial modeling
capabilities, and architecture. the geodatabase is the foundation that enables the
assembling of intelligent geographic information systems that can be adapted for many
different GIS businesses and other GIS applications.
Arc GIS is a tool that provides some basic tools for map viewing, printing, and
querying spatial data. ArcGIS can run this computer specs: Windows 10 OS, and
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Enterprise (32-bit and 64 bits [EM64T]) with a minimum Operating System version of
SP1 (Service Pack 1).
Global Positioning System is a tool that we used during the survey for collecting
data location with longitude and latitude. The national government in the Philippines has
required a Luzon Philippines 1911 projection in DENR-MGB regions.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Using this Geo-hazard map and geologic map applied to geologic monitoring for
the effectiveness of this study. It is very helpful to the community for determining the
risk susceptibility in a particular area.
A geohazard map will be one of the based references from MGB that the
researchers conduct in this study to make an accurate based map for a long-term strategy
for safety purposes during putting infrastructures with the combination of this study it
will provide safety to the community against weather calamities.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
pit mining. The topics mentioned above help the researchers come up with the idea of
determining the differences in soil creeping in a specific location based on its geological
conditions. It made the researchers develop the idea of the study which is made as a basis
for this conduct of study.
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CHAPTER III
METHOD
This chapter contains the methodology applied for the development of our
proposed study and deals with how the research study would be done by the researchers.
It presents the research design being used in the study, the participants of the study, the
instruments used in conducting the study, the procedure employed by the researchers in
gathering the data of the study, and the data analysis used.
Research Design
The study used the descriptive research method. A descriptive study design was
used to obtain information regarding the current status of the phenomena. It provided the
answers to what, when, where, who, and how associated with its research problem. The
descriptive research design was likewise used to determine the soil sample taken from the
conducted survey in the area. The step to effective descriptive research is to ensure the
accuracy of the results. The study also utilized the experimental design, where
experimental research allows the researchers to identify cause-and-effect relationships
between variables. The study also employed a quantitative research approach.
Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it across
groups of people or explaining a particular phenomenon. Quantitative research describes
the procedures for processing and analyzing the data. These methods are appropriate
since the study aims to gather data and generate a conclusion to the problem.
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Project Design
This part presents the project design for obtaining the characteristics of the
geologic or rock materials in an actual survey. A diagram is created to present the
systematic phases of the project design. Figure 5 shows the general arrangement of
processes in conducting the study. The chart was made in connected cubes that show the
systematic phases of the project design.
The researchers surveyed the area in order to assess the situation in the said area
and consulted the experts whether the proposed area is feasible or not. The researchers
prepared the equipment used in the actual survey. GPS and other materials were used for
the output.
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START
END
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Participants
The participants of the study served as validators and evaluators who will assess
the data for GIS output. The materials from the survey would be the basis to get our
requirements for the output of detailed and accurate maps. They were chosen to analyze
the results and consult them for good and suggested results. The following are the
selected experts who are adept in the field of the study conducted.
Participants
F(n=10)
(consultants/practitioners)
Mining Engineers 2
Geologists 4
GIS Operator 2
Civil Engineers 2
TOTAL 10
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Instruments
The researchers will use the result as a basis for our data gathering from fieldwork
and use statistical analysis with the help of experts, consultants, and practitioners in order
to achieve the desired output. In conducting the actual survey, the researchers will
provide a form for evaluation that will be validated by the experts where the form
consists of sample number, sample identification, and the coordinates of the samples
where they were taken.
START
Soil Monitoring
Data Analysis
The researcher will conduct a survey in said area of existing mining and quarry
END
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
The Samples and Documentation were conducted in the field area where the
researchers monitored the stability of soil creeping, get the GPS location coordinates and
other survey materials that we used to be to be noted in the field book. Through GPS we
gathered the data coordinate locations of soil samples found in the area. And during the
obtaining of samples, the soil samples have been separated and labeled along with their
unique numbers and coordinate locations. the materials we used in the fieldwork we have
sampling bags, & plastic buckets. The identification from monitoring would determine
the characteristics of geologic material taken from the site. After collecting the samples,
the researchers always contact the geologist and GIS Specialist to evaluate the result of
collecting in the actual survey and input data in the map with its slope analysis. the result
of the survey and collected data would be interpreted by experts who are proficient in the
field of study for the current condition of the field area. The practitioners would be
analyzed the data and result whether it is correct and if there are no portions to be revised.
Data Analysis
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
visualize geospatial data. MapInfo connects geography with data but with a smaller price
tag.
Map Source. A software that lets one create, view and edit waypoints, routes, and
tracks on the computer and transfer them to their navigation device for their next trip.
This is where data from GPS are stored.
Google Earth Pro. Google Earth is a geospatial software application that displays
a virtual globe, which offers the ability to analyze and capture geographical data. It can
be used to view locations as well as obtain directions between locations. It served as the
researchers starting point in determining the location of their study and pinpointing
strategic points where they will conduct actual fieldwork.
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AutoCAD. Is a computer-aided design software that lets one design 2-D and 3-D
drawings and models, replacing traditional pencil-and-paper drafting to create blueprints
of the proposed design with easily altered electronic files.
START
Consultation
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Research
Adviser
Technical
Adviser
Review of Related Literature
Generate/Create GIS
MAP
STOP
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
This chapter contains the methodology for developing our proposed study and
deals with how the researchers would do the research study. It presents the research
design used in the study, the study's participants, the instruments used in conducting the
study, the procedure the researchers employed to gather the study's data, and the data
analysis used.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Climate
Urbiztondo, as is Caraga Region, falls under the Type II category of the Modified
Coronas Classification of Philippine Climate (Figure 2). PAGASA characterizes this
climate type as the wet season with pronounced rainfall from November to January. The
rainy months concur during the northeast monsoon period, where the eastern part where
the archipelago is exposed to this airstream, while dry months coincide with the
southwest monsoon months. The average temperature in San Francisco is 26.5 °C. The
annual precipitation here averages 3724 mm. The driest month is July, with a mean
rainfall of 210 mm. With an average of 27.3 °C, May is the warmest month. The year's
lowest average temperatures of around 25.2 °C recording the greatest average amount of
precipitation of 577mm occur in January.
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THIS SITE
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Based on the available geologic map, the project site underlies undifferentiated
ultramafic and mafic plutonic rocks with adjacent alluvium deposits and marine deposits.
These recent alluvial deposits are loose aggregates of silt, sand, and gravel along
floodplains.
There are two types of magnetite deposits found in the region. Felsic intrusives
are intruding the primary magnetite in the skarn deposit reported in Jubgan, San
Francisco, Surigao del Norte hosted in ultramafic rocks. The secondary titaniferous
magnetite sands are found in the coastal beaches of the Bacuag-Gigaquit-Claver area,
Surigao del Norte mainland. Of still unresolved genesis are the recently discovered
magnetite bodies overlying ultramafic rocks in Urbiztondo, Claver, Surigao del Norte
adjacent to ultramafic terrain – arc basalt/limestone lithology.
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Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Tectonic Setting
The nearest earthquake generators with relevant bearing on the seismicity threatening the
project site are the Philippine Fault-Anao-and Surigao del Norte Fault segment to the
west. These fault systems are about 60.0 kilometers from the site, respectively. Further to
the east is the Philippine Trench, a locus of high-magnitude earthquake approximately
120 kilometers from the site. Aside from ground shaking, other seismic-related
geohazards could affect the site as energy is released from these earthquake generators.
The seismic bearing of an earthquake usually differs from the distance of the
epicenter of an earthquake to the site, the magnitude produced, and the subsurface
conditions of the site. Based on the attenuation equation of Fukushima and Tanaka
(1990), using a deterministic approach applied to soft soils, the project site could
experience shaking of 0.388 g and 0.558 g, assuming a magnitude 6.9 earthquake will
occur from the nearest trace of the Philippines Fault. Considering its distance from the
site, the Philippine Trench could bring the minimal effect of ground shaking.
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THIS SITE
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
SUBSOIL GEOLOGY
Three (3) manually-bored auger holes were drilled during the survey to determine
the characteristics of the underlying soil material of the site. The geographic coordinates
and the corresponding depths are as follows:
Photo 2 Photo 3
Photo 2. Auger drilling conducted to get soil samples for laboratory analysis.
Photo 3. One of the soil samples collected from the auger holes.
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The soil underlying the project site is generally clay to clayey silt, as the soil
samples from the auger boreholes suggested. In general, a mix of yellow-orange and
greenish-gray colored elastic silts cover the topmost layer of the auger holes and the
bottom layer with almost greenish-gray elastic silts. The second auger hole (MD-02) was
drilled in a saturated area, and the auger drill could no longer get samples beyond 2.3
meters for the soil slips through the auger bit. A static water table was encountered at
depths of 0.4 and 0.7 meters from the remaining auger holes (MD-01 and MD-02).
The corresponding soil types are based on the results of the Atterberg limits and grain
size analysis. The soil classification depends upon the liquid limit (LL) and the plastic
limit (PL) results. The plasticity index is then derived as PI=LL-PL. Based on the results,
the soil in auger holes 1 and 3 are classified as MH or elastic silt, while the soil in auger
hole 2 is classified as CH or fat clay. Soils of this kind are highly compressible due to
their high plasticity. The summary of the result of the soil samples is tabulated in Table 3.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
The project site is moderate to highly susceptible to landslides on the 10:000 scale
Geohazard map. Based on the soil test result, the site’s soil is impervious and can retard
water from percolating or infiltrating the ground. As a result, the area may experience
flooding from localized water ponding from surface run-off, especially during heavy rain
conditions. As for landslides, the site is susceptible to high landslide hazards since the
area’s topography is a steep slope in the MD-2 site location. While The MD-1 and MD-3
are stable on a flat surface and are not prone to landslides and some would experience
flooding in low-lying areas.
St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Settlement
MH and CH soils, which constitute the soil horizon, are generally compressible
due to higher plasticity and consequently could experience vertical settlement of
infrastructures when imposed with heavy loads. The degree of settlement largely depends
on the amount of load to be imposed on the soil foundation.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Liquefaction
Figure
14.
Liquefaction Chart
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St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Parameters studies were conducted through numerical models (GIS/Slope) to study the
effect of the following standards we used from the national agency applicable for 20
meters contour interval elevation. Through this software, we can generate the slope
stability analysis in the study area to identify the hazards from landslide susceptibility.
The highlights of the process in slope analysis are as follows.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
Figure 19. Elevation Slope map standard parameters with assigned values
Figure 20. Slope map analysis results by color level in landslide susceptibility map
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St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CHAPTER V
Summary
The study on the analysis of slope stability in the Urbiztondo Ridge-TMC Open
Pit Mine by GIS application revealed that the stability of slopes in open pit mines can be
analyzed effectively using a GIS-based approach. The study utilized a variety of methods
including field mapping, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling to evaluate the
stability of slopes in the mine.
The findings of the study showed that the slope stability of the mine was
influenced by several factors including the geology and structure of the rock mass, the
presence of faults and joints, and the degree of weathering and alteration of the rock. The
results of the study demonstrated that the use of GIS technology was effective in
analyzing and visualizing the data, and in identifying the areas of potential slope
instability.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the use of GIS technology for
analyzing slope stability in open pit mines. The results of the study can be used by
mining companies to improve their understanding of the factors that affect slope stability
and to develop strategies for mitigating the risks associated with slope instability in open
pit mines.
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
The findings of this study within the area of TMC Open pit mine their land
capability is very good. There are some flat elevations based on the topographic contour
such as good for developing more building infrastructure, residential and soon to become
commercial areas. The other elevated slopes will do by the TMC-Taganito mining
company to help the community with proper benching to avoid landslides. The soil
capability is good for residential. Using GIS application, we can do useful planning to
develop the areas at the same time to avoid natural phenomena due to weather conditions.
The researchers are using the based maps in different national agencies with
DENR, NAMRIA, PHIVOLCS, and Opensource data that we gathered to have the output
for this study. There are many considerations and requirements to proceed and we are
thankful to the scientist, professionals, and cooperation of government officials to assist
our needs to complete this study.
Recommendations
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
a. The site location of MD-2 is highly susceptible to landslides due to the soil
creeping movement, thus it is essential to implement proper benching to prevent potential
damage to properties and people's lives.
b. The site location of MD-1 and MD-3 has a low susceptibility to landslides, but
proper benching must still be implemented to prevent any potential damage.
3. Educating the communities based on the output maps generated by the GIS
application is crucial. Exit conferences, Education, Information, and Communication
drives must be conducted to capacitate the communities on reading and understanding the
maps, enabling them to respond effectively in case of any natural disaster.
4. The cooperation of the people living in the area, local government units, and
mining company is crucial for the success and development of the communities.
The research findings suggest that regular monitoring and the implementation of
proper benching are necessary to prevent potential damage from landslide hazards in the
area. Additionally, education and communication drives are vital in capacitating the
communities to respond to natural disasters effectively, and cooperation among all
stakeholders is crucial for the success and development of the communities.
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St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
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St. Paul University System
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Surigao City, Philippines
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information
Name : Bryan C. Cuartero
Date of Birth : June 5, 1992
Place of Birth : Sta. Cruz Tubajon, Dinagat Islands
Parents : Vivian C. Cuartero
: Bartolome B. Cuartero
Civil Status : Single
Email Address : bryancuartero2017@gmail.com
Educational Background
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao – Alumnus 2012
: San Nicolas St. Cor. Rizal St., Surigao City
: Bachelor of Sciences in Information Technology
(Graduated 2012)
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao - Undergraduate
: San Nicolas St. Cor. Rizal St., Surigao City
: Bachelor of Sciences in Mining Engineering
Secondary : St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of technology
: Borromeo St., Surigao City
Elementary : Sta. Cruz Tubajon Elementary School
: Sta. Cruz Tubajon, Dinagat Islands
St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information
Name : Jecilyn P. Notorio
Date of Birth : October 15, 1976
Place of Birth : Poblacion Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay
Parents : Virgilio A. Pesquira Sr.
: Amalia M. Pesquira
Civil Status : Married
Email Address : jecilynnnotorio@gmail.com
Educational Background
Tertiary : Mindanao State University – Alumna 2001
: Marawi City
: Bachelor of Sciences in Civil Engineering
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao - Undergraduate
: San Nicolas St. Cor. Rizal St., Surigao City
: Bachelor of Sciences in Mining Engineering
Secondary : St. Paul School of Buug
: Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay
Elementary : Buug Pilot Central School
: Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay
St. Paul University Surigao
St. Paul University System
Surigao City, Philippines
Analysis of Slope Stability In Urbiztondo Ridge -TMC Open Pit Mine By GIS Application
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information
Name : Ernesto Jr. M. Padilla
Date of Birth : Dec 20, 1993
Place of Birth : Surigao City
Parents : Ernesto O. Padilla Sr.
: Marilou M. Padilla
Civil Status : Single
Email Address : donskiekj93@gmail.com
Educational Background
Tertiary : St. Paul University Surigao - Undergraduate
: San Nicolas St. Cor. Rizal St., Surigao City
: Bachelor of Sciences in Mining Engineering
Secondary : Tubajon National High School
: Municipality of Tubajon , PDI
Elementary : Tubajon Central Elementary School
: Municipality of Tubajon , PDI