“WATER EXCHANGE; ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CULTURING FISH IN

ST. CHRISTINE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL”

An undergraduate research
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Senior High Department
SAINT CHRISTINE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
LIANGA II
Lianga, Surigao del Sur

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 of
AQUACULTURE GRADE 12 (AQUA 12)

PRESENTED BY:

ALUTAYA, ARJE
DE CASTRO, MARK DANIEL
GALAGAR, JERICK
GALDIANO, B-JAY
GUINANAS, REYMART
MINGUITA, HENZLEE JAY
PAREDES, MARK
RULETE, JAMES DARYLL
SARZONA, ERNAN
TRIMIDAL, JEYBOM

2024

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “WATER EXCHANGE; IT’S EFFECTIVENESS IN

CULTURING FISH IN ST. CHRISTINE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL” prepared
and submitted by the Group in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 (PR 2) is hereby recommended for approval and
acceptance.

MARYLOTA L. PAMBUENA, PhD

Adviser
___________________
Date Signed

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2 (PR 2) by the Oral Defense Panel with the rating of ________

RUBY E. ESTAÑO, MAEM

Chairman
_______________________
Date Signed

ARLENE P. GEMAO JUANITO T. ERALINO

Member Member

______________________ _______________________
Date Signed Date Signed

NICK JOHN U. VALLE LELIA M. LLIMIT, MAEM

Member Member

______________________ _______________________
Date Signed Date Signed

APPROVED and ACCEPTED as partial fulfillment of the requirements for

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 (PR 2).

LELIA M. LLIMIT, MAEM

SCNHS PRINCIPAL
______________________
Date Signed

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are eternally grateful to God for providing all we needed to finish this
dissertation. He saw everything that would have prevented us from completing
this study and sustained us during our most trying moments.

We also want to extend our deep gratitude to our adviser, Dr Marylota L.

Pambuena, as well as to the whole academic staff at SCHNS, both past and
present. We also want to express our profound gratitude to Dr. Lelia M Llimit, our
Campus Principal.

ALUTAYA, ARJE
DE CASTRO, MARK DANIEL
GALAGAR, JERICK
GALDIANO, B-JAY
GUINANAS, REYMART
MINGUITA, HENZLEE JAY
PAREDES, MARK
RULETE, JAMES DARYLL
SARZONA, ERNAN
TRIMIDAL, JEYBOM

iii
 “WATER EXCHANGE; ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CULTURING FISH IN
ST. CHRISTINE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL”

Abstract

This study reviews the water exchange; and its effectiveness in

culturing fish. The primary focus will be on the benefits of water
exchange practices, the various parameters that contribute to water
quality, and the strategies and techniques used for water management
practices in fish culture. The goal of this study is to provide an in-depth
understanding of the importance of water exchange in fish culture and to
provide recommendations for the sustainable management of fish culture
systems.
This study aimed to explore the importance of water exchange
practices in the culturing of fish, and to provide recommendations for
sustainable. Through a comprehensive review of the current literature on
water quality in aquaculture, as well as original research on water
exchange management strategies, this thesis will contribute to the
growing body of knowledge on sustainable aquaculture practices.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
COVER PAGE i
CERTIFICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURE v

CHAPTER

1 The Problem and Its Background...................................................................

Introduction........................................................................................................

Theoretical framework........................................................................................

Conceptual framework........................................................................................

Conceptual Paradigm.........................................................................................

Statement of the problem...................................................................................

Significance of the study.....................................................................................

Scope and delimitation of the study…………………………….............................

Definition of terms...............................................................................................

2 Review of Related Literature and Studies......................................................

Local literature....................................................................................................

Foreign literature.................................................................................................

Local studies.....................................................................................................10

Foreign studies.................................................................................................11

3 Methodology................................................................................................... 12

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 Research Design..............................................................................................12

Research respondents .....................................................................................13

Research Locale...............................................................................................14

Statistical tools..................................................................................................15

4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of data.......................................16

Sub- Problem No. A .........................................................................................16

Sub-problem No. B ..........................................................................................17

Sub-problem No. C...........................................................................................20

5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations .......................................21

Summary.......................................................................................................... 21

Conclusions...................................................................................................... 23

Recommendations............................................................................................23

REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 24

CURRICULUM VITAE........................................................................................25

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1 Schematic Diagram of the Study......................................................

2 Map of the Philippines showing the location of sampling site

St. Christine, Lianga, Surigao del Sur..............................................14

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