Electrophysiology of

the Heart,
Cardiac Cycle and Heart
Sound

Dr Karishma R. Panday
Department of Basic and Clinical Physiology
July 2022
 Overview:

1.Conduction of the cardiac impulse

2.Electrical activity of myocardium

3.Ionic basis of myocardial action

potential

4.Pacemaker potential

5.Events of the cardiac cycle

6.Heart sounds
Conducting system of the heart
Electrical activity in Myocardium:
Ionic Basis of Action Potential:
 Cardiac Cycle:

• The cardiac events that occur from the beginning of

one heartbeat to the beginning of the next are called
the cardiac cycle.

• It consists of period of relaxation called diastole,

during which the heart fills with blood, followed by a
period of contraction called systole.

• Cardiac cycle is the sequence of electrical and

mechanical events occurring in heart during a single
beat.
Heart rate = 75 beats / min
75 beats take 1 min
1 beat will take 1/75 min
1/75 X60 sec
0.8 sec
Duration of cardiac cycle= 0.8s
Ventricular systole= 0.3 sec

Ventricular diastole = 0.5 sec

Heart rate increases duration of cardiac cycle

decreases.

Decrease in diastole is greater than systole

 Events during Cardiac Cycle:
Events Duration (sec)
Isometric Contraction 0.05
Rapid Ejection Phase 0.10
Slow Ejection Phase 0.15
Total Ventricular systole 0.30
Isometric relaxation 0.10
Rapid Filling Phase 0.10
Slow Filling Phase (Diastesis) 0.20
Filling due to Atrial Systole 0.10
Total ( Ventricular diastole ) 0.50
Grand Total ( Systole + Diastole ) 0.80
"Volume-Pressure Diagram" During the Cardiac Cycle
 Salient features of heart sound
1st sound 2nd sound
Character Lubb Dubb
Duration 0.15 s 0.12 s
Frequency 25-45 Hz 50 Hz
Main cause Closure of AV Closure of
valves semilunar valves

Related event Onset of systole Onset of

diastole
HEART SOUNDS
THANK YOU