ACTIVITY 12:

NAME: __________________________________________________

RESEARCH:
Synthesis and characterization of acetanilide:

1. Name any two acetylating agent.

acyl chloride, acetic anhydride

2. What is the need to add zinc during the preparation of acetanilide?

Zinc is added to prevent the oxidation of aniline during the reaction. It also reduces the
colored impurities present in the solution.

3. What is a nitrating mixture?

A mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid which is used to introduce a nitro
group into an organic compound via electrophilic substitution reaction.

4. What is the IUPAC name for acetanilide?

N- phenyl acetamide

5. Enumerate two uses of acetanilide

- Inhibitor of hydrogen peroxide decomposition
- Stabilize cellulose ester varnishes
- Intermediate in rubber accelerator synthesis, dyes, camphor
- Precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals like penicillin
- Used for manufacturing 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride which is one of the key
ingredients for producing sulfa drugs
-

Synthesis and characterization of phenyl benzoate:

1. What is the basic purpose of the addition of 10% sodium hydroxide to the benzoylation of phenol
with benzoyl chloride?

NaOH helps to neutralize the liberated HCl and acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

2. What is benzoylation reaction?

Benzoylation is a chemical reaction in which a benzoyl group is introduced by removing -H that is

attached to O or N or any aromatic ring.

3. What is Schotten-Baumann reaction?

Schotten-Bauman reaction is the method of chemically synthesizing amides from acyl chlorides and
amines. It is named from the German chemist Carl Schotten and Eugene Baumann who discovered
this method of synthesizing amines.
4. What are the advantages of benzoylation over acetylation?
a) The benzoyl derivatives obtained as crystalline solids have higher melting points than the
corresponding acetyl derivatives and have lower solubilities in a wide range of solvents
b) The benzoyl derivatives can be prepared rapidly and conveniently in aqueous medium as
compared to acetylation carried out in acetic acid, acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride. Benzoyl
chloride also undergoes hydrolysis extremely slowly and sluggishly

Synthesis and characterization of phenyl urea:

1. What is the nature of phenyl urea?

Phenyl urea is a poisonous liquid and appears as a liquid dissolved or suspended in a liquid carrier.

2. Enumerate uses of phenyl urea.

It is mainly used as an herbicide to control broadleaf and grassy weeds in cereals and other crops.

3. Why are stemless funnels preferred for hot filtrations?

Utilizing stemless funnel prevents crystallization from occurring on the stem of the funnel.

4. What is the purpose of recrystallization?

Recrystallization is a method of purifying a compound by removing any impurities that might be
mixed with it.

5. Why must you remove the stopper from the separatory funnel before draining?

The stopper should be removed to be able to release the liquid from the funnel. If the stopper is not
removed, the vacuum that forms above the liquid will prevent the solution from draining properly.