Noel John Carlo O.

Gines BAPoS 4

a.) Spoiled heir Ferdinand II (not to be confused with Ferdinand Jr.), forced
many people to practice Catholicism. This misunderstanding led to the war
that killed millions of lives, and famously lasted for thirty years. Said war
ended with the Treaty of Westphalia.

b.) Term used in international relations, supposedly arising from the

treaties of Westphalia in 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War. It is
generally held to mean a system of states or international society
comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force
within their mutually recognized territories.

c.) The American Revolution was an insurrection by which 13 of Great

Britain’s North American colonies won political independence and went
on to form the United States of America. The war followed more than a
a decade of growing hostility between the British crown and a large
and influential segment of its North American colonies that was caused by
British attempts to assert greater control over colonial affairs after
having
long adhered to a policy of salutary neglect.

d.) French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, revolutionary movement

that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax
there in 1789, hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the
end of the ancien regime.

e.) The Pax Britannica, Latin for “British Peace”, describes the century
between 1815 and the beginning of World War One in 1914, a period of relative
stability and peace. With the long-awaited, final defeat of Napoleon in 1815,
Britain was left without a serious international rival. The British Royal
Navy had emerged victorious from the wars with Napoleon as the largest
naval presence on the seas, allowing Britain to dominate sea trade routes
and remain largely unchallenged for the rest of the century.

f.) The Industrial Revolution was a period of scientific and technological

development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian
Societies, especially in Europe and North America into industrialized, urban Ones.
Goods that had once been painstakingly crafted by hand started to be
produced in mass quantities.

g.) World War 1 was an international conflict that in 1914, involved

most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the
Middle East, and other regions.

h.) With Vladimir Lenin at the helm, the Bolsheviks, ascribing to Marxism,
seize power during Russia’s October Revolution and become the first
communist government. Later that month, the leftist Socialist
Revolutionaries defeat the Bolsheviks in an election, but, despite his promises
of “bread, land and peace,” Lenin uses military force to take power.

i.) Congress of Vienna, assembly in 1814–15 that reorganized Europe after

the Napoleonic Wars. It began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I’s
first
first abdication and completed its “Final Act” in June 1815, shortly before
the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon.

j.) Great Depression, worldwide economic downturn that began in

1929 and lasted until about 1939. It was the longest and most severe
depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world,
sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions, macroeconomic
policy, and economic theory. Although it originated in the United States,
the Great Depression caused drastic declines in output, severe
unemployment, and acute deflation in almost every country of the world.

k.) Fascism is the philosophy of government that stresses the primacy and glory
of the state, unquestioning obedience to its leader, subordination of the
individual will to the state’s authority, and harsh suppression of dissent.
Martial virtues are celebrated, while liberal and democratic values are
frowned upon.
l.) Butthurt artist goes on a racist rampage about how Germans are
the best, killing six million Jews in the process. The war that established the US
as the worldwide superpower.

m.) The League failed to intervene in many conflicts leading up to World War II,
including the Italian invasion of Abyssinia, the Spanish Civil War, and the
Second Sino-Japanese War. The onset of the Second World War demonstrated
that the League had failed in its primary purpose, the prevention of another world
war.

n.) On January 1, 1942, 26 countries signed the Declaration

by United Nations, which set forth the war aims of the Allied powers.

o.) Cold War, the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World
War II between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective
allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts
and had only limited recourse to weapons.

p.) collapse of the Soviet Union, sequence of events that led to the dissolution of
the Soviet Union on December 31, 1991. The former superpower was replaced by 15
independent countries.

q.) In the post-Cold War period, new groupings have emerged on the
global stage representing new forms of alliances. In some cases,
these groupings have strong representation from earlier First World
countries, but increasingly countries that were previously in the
Second or Third Worlds are making their mark and challenging the
idea of First World meaning economically and politically dominant.

r.) The 9/11 attacks were a series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks
committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist
group al-Qaeda against targets in the United States, the deadliest
terrorist
attacks on American soil in U.S. history. The attacks caused many lives;
Some 2,750 people were killed in New York, 184 at the Pentagon, and 40 in
s.) War on terrorism, term used to describe the American-led global
counterterrorism campaign launched in response to the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001. In its scope, expenditure, and impact on
international relations, the war on terrorism was comparable to the
Cold War; it was intended to represent a new phase in global political relations
and has had important consequences for overall human welfare.

a.) The 2007-2009 financial crisis began years earlier with cheap credit and
l ax lending standards that fueled a housing bubble. When the bubble burst,
financial institutions were left holding trillions of dollars worth of near-
worthless investments in subprime mortgages.