PAST TENSE

Terdapat 4 macam past tense, yaitu: Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect
Tense, dan Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Rumus

 Simple Past Tense

Verbal
Kalimat positif: subject + verb2
Contoh: Clara watched a movie last night. (Clara menonton film tadi malam.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + did + not + verb1
Contoh: Clara did not watch a movie last night. (Clara tidak menonton film tadi malam.)
Kalimat interogatif: did + subject + verb1
Contoh: Did Clara watch a movie last night? (Apakah Clara menonton film tadi malam?)

Nominal
Kalimat positif: subject + to be (was/were) + complement
Contoh: She was a famous actress in 1990. (Dia adalah aktris terkenal pada tahun 1990.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
Contoh: She was not a famous actress in 1990. (Dia bukan aktris terkenal pada tahun 1990.)
Kalimat interogatif: to be (was/were) + subjet + complement
Contoh: Was she a famous actress in 1990? (Apakah dia aktris terkenal pada tahun 1990?)

Adverb of time (keterangan waktu): last, ago, this morning, yesterday, in 2000

 Past Continuous Tense
Verbal
Kalimat positif: subject + to be (was/were) + v-ing
Contoh: Jimmy and Rio were washing the car yesterday at 7 a.m. (Jimmy dan Rio sedang
mencuci mobil kemarin jam 7 pagi.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + to be (was/were) + not + v-ing
Contoh: Jimmy and Rio were not washing the car yesterday at 7 a.m. (Jimmy dan Rio sedang
tidak mencuci mobil kemarin jam 7 pagi.)
Kalimat interogatif: to be (was/were) + subject + v-ing
Contoh: Were Jimmy and Rio washing the car yesterday at 7 a.m? (Apakah Jimmy dan Rio
sedang mencuci mobil kemarin jam 7 pagi?)
 Nominal
Kalimat positif: subject + to be (was/were) + complement
Contoh: They were mad at Cindy when I came. (Mereka marah pada Cindy pada saat aku
datang.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
Contoh: They were not mad at Cindy when I came. (Mereka tidak marah pada Cindy pada
saat aku datang.)
Kalimat interogatif: to be (was/were) + subject + complement
Contoh: Were they mad at Cindy when I came? (Apakah mereka marah pada Cindy pada saat
aku datang?)

Adverb of time (keterangan waktu): while, when, as long as, yesterday at 9 a.m.

 Past Perfect Tense
Verbal
Kalimat positif: subject + had + verb3
Contoh: He had woken up by 5 o'clock. (Dia bangun pukul 5.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + had + not + verb3
Contoh: He had not woken up by 5 o'clock. (Dia tidak bangun pukul 5.)
Kalimat interogatif: had + subject + v3?
Contoh: Had he woken up by 5 o'clock? (Apakah dia bangun pukul 5?)

Nominal
Kalimat positif: subject + had + been + complement
Contoh: The man had been here before yesterday. (Pria itu sudah ada di sini sebelum
kemarin.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + had + not + been + complement.
Contoh: The man had not been here before yesterday. (Pria itu belum ada di sini sebelum
kemarin.)
Kalimat interogatif: had + subject + been + complement
Contoh: Had the man been here before yesterday? (Apakah pria itu sudah ada di sini sebelum
kemarin?)
 Adverb of time (keterangan waktu): before, before yesterday, till a week ago, after, when, by
9 o'clock
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Kalimat positif: subject + had + been + v-ing
Contoh: Tom had been waiting for his friend since 7 a.m. yesterday. (Tom sudah menunggu
temannya sejak pukul 7 pagi kemarin.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + had + not + been + v-ing
Contoh: Tom had not been waiting for his friend since 7 a.m. yesterday. (Tom belum
menunggu temannya sejak pukul 7 pagi kemarin.)
Kalimat interogatif: had + subject + been+ v-ing?
Contoh: Had Tom been waiting for his friend since 7 a.m. yesterday? (Apakah Tom sudah
menunggu temannya sejak pukul 7 pagi kemarin?)

Adverb of time (keterangan waktu): for, since, the whole day, all day