Dante Certification Level 1 - 2nd Ed

Introduction
Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

About the Dante Certification Program
Practical Training Benefits:

Establishes consistency around: LEVE L 2nd Ed.
- Understanding of Dante
- Vocabulary
- Methods for Use
The Certification:
Lets others know you have the skills.
Employers value Dante Certification enough to verify passing with us.
Qualifies for Renewal Credits

InfoComm CTS, CEDIA RU
©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Second Edition: Updated Information

Original Certification Never Expired. Creation Dates: Level 1-2: 2016, Level 3: 2018
Dante AVIO DAL & DEP

Dante Application Library &
Dante Embedded Platform
Dante Virtual Soundcard

for Virtual Machines Dante Firmware Updater
Ultimo-X, Broadway Chipsets Dante over Distance (>500 miles)

PoE 802.3bt IP Core Solution GPS Clocking, Clock Zones,
Latency & Buffer Adjustment

Second Edition: Structure
Single-Switch Multiple-Switches Multiple-Switches

(Layer 2, Unmanaged) (Layer 2, Managed) (Layer 3, Managed)
Professional Point Person Interface with IT Staff

Executive Summary
Managed Switch Optimization Enterprise Network
Operate Personal Systems
Troubleshooting Dante Domain Manager
LEVE L 2nd Ed. LEVE L 2nd Ed.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Second Edition: Structure + Electives
New Level 1-2-3 classes act as “General Education”.

New “Elective” Structure to Allow Continuous Growth
New “Role-Based Certifications”: e.g. - Level 2 Live Engineer, Level 3 IT Manager
Terminating
Audio/Video 101 Category Cable Managed Switch Tutorial DDM Administrator
LEVE L 2nd Ed. LEVE L 2nd Ed.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.
Basics of Sound for Intro to Fiber Dante AV Dante & ST 2110

Conference & Presentation

Who is Audinate & What is Dante
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Who Is Audinate?
Headquartered in Network Engineers Develop Dante as
100%
Sydney, Australia serving the
A/V Industry
Interoperable Solution
for all AV Manufacturers

Dante: The Complete AVoIP Solution
● Manufacturers use our tested resources

Use their A/V expertise
Use our networking expertise
Ultimo-X
0x4, 2x2 or 4x0
Broadway
16x16
Brooklyn II
64x64
10110010
01101100
Shared Processor Options:
11101011
10001001
IP Core: 512x512 High Performance on Xilinx FPGA
PCIe-R Dante Embedded Platform (DEP): 64x64 Good Performance,
128x128 Linux x86 and ARM processors, Field Activation Capability.
Dante HC (High Capacity)

512x512 V:1, A:8

● Manufacturers use our tested resources

Use their A/V expertise
Use our networking expertise
Any wired Dante Virtual Soundcard

Mid-to High channel count
network Event Recording, Prod Backing Tracks
port
Dante Via
Internal Computer Patching
Conferencing, Collaboration
10110010
01101100
Dante Application Library (DAL)
11101011 Software Maker can include Dante
10001001
e.g. - ZoomRooms, Shure IntelliMix DSP
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Dante Via example: https://vimeo.com/475042691 Dante Application Library example: https://vimeo.com/425574576
Dante Controller Dante Domain Manager

Engineering
Dante Controller Dante Domain Manager
Training Support

A Simple Demonstration
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Network Solution vs Digital Snake
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Dante: Digital Snake vs Digital AV Network
So, is Dante like a Digital Snake?
No, a network is far more powerful.

Point-to-Point Networked Solution
Where Does the Signal Go? Linear cable path Anywhere on Network
How to Change Signal Paths? Move the cable Click of the Mouse
Can we Split Signals? No Yes – on network
Shares Cable with other Signals? No Yes – common infrastructure

Analog (Multicore)

Digital Snake (CAT5)


Category Cable



Dante: Signal Splitting
Backstage monitor to check

mics before going on stage.
Monitor desk w virtual

soundcheck capabilities
FoH desk w virtual

soundcheck capabilities
SWITCH
Formal recording system.
A “whimsical” 6-way split

from stage sources.

Dante: Signal Splitting
SWITCH
Output splits for main PA

drive, as well.

Dante: Flexible Capacity
● Three unrelated Digital Snakes & Point-to-Point (P2P) Connections

connection types for
one signal chain. Analog

X
● Stagebox channels USB

8x8
Digital
used for BG tracks

Snake
● No control links

● Common network Dante Network Solution
for many functions:
- Dante audio X
64x64
- Mixer Control
- Amp Monitoring
● Stagebox untouched
by BG tracks

Dante: Works Equally on Mac OS or Windows
Dante Controller
Dante Virtual Soundcard
Dante Via
Dante Application Library (DAL)
Dante AVIO, Driverless USB
Dante PCIe Card

Summary: What is Dante?
● Dante is not just an audio-video transport, it is a complete solution.

Standardized management, maintenance, support network, training, etc.
● Dante is powerful, intuitive, and cost-effective.
Simple plug-n-play start. Advanced configuration waiting when you need it.
Flexible audio and video routing and splitting.
● Dante benefits from “the Network Effect”.
In 2019, we passed 1,000,000 devices in the field.
Thousands of devices to choose from, including unique problem solvers.
● Dante Certification will go beyond the simplistic design.

You can have audio passing in your system in minutes.
This class will solidify the skills you already have.

Basics of Digital Audio
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Audio Basics: Capturing a Sound Wave
Time
111111111111111111111111
110101010101010101010100
101010101010101010101010
Amplitude
100000000000000000000000
010101010101010101010100
001010101010101010101010
000000000000000000000000

Time
111111111111111111111111
110101010101010101010100
101010101010101010101010
Amplitude
100000000000000000000000
010101010101010101010100
001010101010101010101010
000000000000000000000000

Time
111111111111111111111111
110101010101010101010100
101010101010101010101010
Digital Word
101010101010101010101010
Amplitude
Word Length (aka Bit Depth)
100000000000000000000000
010101010101010101010100
001010101010101010101010
000000000000000000000000

48kHz Sample Rate means:

Measure the wave 48,000 times/second
Resolution of Time (Frequency)
24 binary digits
24-bit means:
Scale uses 24 binary digits
Resolution in Amplitude

Nyquist Therum
Sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency.
Trough
(Rarefaction)
Peak
(Compression)
One Cycle
Nyquist Therum
Problem: Sample rate too low (7 cycles, 8 samples)

Nyquist Therum
Good: Sample rate over 2x highest frequency: (32 samples, 7 cycles)

Audio Basics: Multiple Sample Rates & Bit Depths
“Depth of Teeth”
Sample Rate &
Bit Depth Match
Bit Depth
Mismatch
From 32-bit to 24-bit: Drop These Bits From 24-bit to 32-bit:

11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 Fill With 0’s
11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 11110000 00000000

“Tooth Spacing”
Sample Rate &
Bit Depth Match
Bit Depth
Mismatch
Sample Rate
Mismatch

Sample Rate
Sample Rate & Converter
Bit Depth Match
Bit Depth
Mismatch
Sample Rate
Mismatch

● Dante Support Multiple Simultaneous Sample Rates

A single clock leader will coordinate all sample rates and frame rates.
Dante ports must be at the same sample rate to connect.
96kHz 48kHz
A Single Clock Leader

for all Sample Rates, Frame Rates

● Dante Support Multiple Simultaneous Sample Rates

A single clock leader will coordinate all sample rates and frame rates.
Dante ports must be at the same sample rate to connect.
Some devices can bridge: two separate Dante ports with Sample Rate Conversion
96kHz 48kHz
INTERFACE A INTERFACE B
Sample Rate Conversion

Audio Basics: Estimating Bandwidth
● Bandwidth is more than just audio data – also network overhead.

Shippers move the size/weight of the
whole package, not just the items in it.
to/from addresses, packet formatting data, etc.
● Rule of thumb: 512 channels per 1Gbit link
Wisdom: Don’t plan to use 100% network bandwidth.
This 512 ch “rule of thumb” is under 80% utilization.
512 channels x 48 kHz x 24 bit ≈ 590 Mbps (contents)
(at 1 msec latency) ≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)
512
MADI 64
32

● Rule of thumb: Double Sample Rate, Reduce Channels by Half

(Assuming you need bandwidth to remain constant)

≈ 768 Mbps (total bandwidth)
÷2 x2
÷4 x4

Network Hubs repeat any Network Switches only send

incoming data to all outputs. incoming data where it belongs.
 512 ch    
        256 ch  512 ch  512 ch

 256 ch
Hubs make a giant “collision domain”. Switches buffer data packets.
If two packets are sent at the same If two packets target the same port at the
time, the data collides and must be same time, they are queued and sent first
retransmitted. in, first out. So, a 1Gbps network can
move thousands of channels.
Audio Basics: Network Capacity
5x 64-fader S500 & T80 Tempest Engines

6x 32-fader S300 & T25 Tempest Engines
● 512 faders
● >5,500 audio Processing Paths
● >24,000 Dante Audio channels
©2021 Audinate, Inc. LinkedIn Post from SSL: https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:share:6691738801636728832

Audio Basics: Summary
● Bit Depth represents the resolution of the sound wave amplitude.

e.g. – 16-bit (CDs), 24-bit to 32-bit (Pro Audio Production Capture)
● Sample Rate is the resolution of time – measured in digital words / sec

e.g. – 44.1kHz (CDs), 48kHz (Pro Audio), 2x or more is “high resolution”
Nyquist Theorum states the sample rate must be ≥2x the highest frequency captured.
● To connect: sample rates must match, bit depths can be mixed.
● 512 channels on a 1Gbps connection; The network can have more.
Dante capacity scales with bandwidth. (2Gbps link could carry 1024 channels, etc.)
Doubling sample rate doubles bandwidth or halves the channel count.
The network switch itself is not limited to the port speed.

Basics of Digital Video
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Video Basics: Resolution
● A digital image is made up of “pixels” (colored dots on a grid).

Video Basics: Resolution

● An image size is described in total pixels and aspect ratio.

Video Basics: Aspect

4:3 16:9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 3 4 2
2 5
3 8


4:3 16:9
16:9 4:3
Cropping image to fit on screen.


4:3 16:9
16:9 4:3
Keeping whole image, adding black bars.


3:2 2.35:1
1 2 3
1 2 .35
Anamorphic (distorting the image) to maximize resolution.

Video Basics: Interlaced vs Progressive

● An image can be drawn as interlaced or progressive.
Interlaced draws Progressive draws

the odd lines, then all lines in order.
the even lines.
480i, 1080i 480p, 720p,
1080p, 4K
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Additional Reading: Why Do We Interlace? https://www.tvtechnology.com/opinions/why-do-we-interlace


In a scan, the first

and last pixes are
roughly a half frame
apart in time.


In a scan, the first and That means neighboring

last pixes are captured lines of the composite
roughly a half frame were also captured a
apart in time. half frame apart in time.

Video Basics: 4:4:4 vs 4:2:2 vs 4:2:0

● Pixels luma and chroma can be grouped and/or saved in HDR.
4:4:4 4:2:2 4:2:0
Luma
(Brightness)
+ + +
Chroma
(Color)


4:4:4 4:2:2 4:2:0
Luma
(Brightness)
+ + +
Chroma
(Color)


4:4:4 4:2:2 4:2:0
Luma
(Brightness)
+ + +
Chroma
(Color)

Video Basics: High Dynamic Range (HDR)

HDR captures wider range of

hightlight and shadows.
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Canon: HDR Explained https://youtu.be/2YUjCW8HYKo

Video Basics: Frame Rate

● A video will flash images at a given frames per second (fps)
Film: 24fps 48fps

TV (PAL): 25fps
TV (NTSC): 30fps
x2 50fps
60fps
(29.97fps) (59.94fps)
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Fun explanation of how 29.97fps came to be: https://youtu.be/3GJUM6pCpew
Video Basics: JPEG 2000 Codec
A raw 4K/60 signal is over 10Gbps.

How is this working on a 1Gbps link?
Dante AV uses a JPEG 2000 codec.

65%
of digital cinemas use
intoPIX JPEG 2000 codec
Original Spec: 2160P 24fps 4:4:4 ≈ 250Mbps
0% No generational loss.
Subsequent decode and encode with no loss.

UNCOMPRESSED
INITIAL COMPRESSION LOSS
JPEG 2000
FINAL RESULT
IMAGE QUALITY MPEG

(PSNR)
0 1 2 3 4 5
NUMBER OF ENCODE/DECODE PASSES

Intra-frame Inter-frame
Codec Codec
MPEG
Intra-frame Codec Inter-frame Codec
Encodes one frame at a time. Encodes frames in groups.
Low Latency Medium Latency
Errors Contained to 1 Frame Errors continue until next keyframe

Resolution Color Raw Data Encoded Data Rates

& Frame Rate Space Uncompressed Maximum Typical
8.49 Gbps ≈ 600 Mbps ≈ 540 Mbps
VIDEO
4Kp60
4Kp30 4:2:2 4.25 Gbps ≈ 400 Mbps ≈ 270 Mbps
1080p30 1.00 Gbps ≈ 150 Mbps ≈ 68 Mbps
Estimated Dante AV Data Rates using well lit content in encoded with Ultra Low Latency codec.
For more bandwidth estimations, please refer to

“Dante AV JPEG 2000 Bandwidth Estimator”

Video Basics: High-bandwidth Digital Copy Protection (HDCP)
● HDCP is High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

Protects (locks) copyrighted material in transport between devices.
Common for DVD, Blu-ray, Cable/Satellite TV, Computer video out, etc.
● If content is HDCP protected, Dante AV follows HDCP v2.3 rules.

Allows up to 16 devices participating with the video path.
Validated by DCP for unicast and multicast modes.
● If content is not HDCP protected, Dante AV does not add it.

You’ll have unlimited displays and reach.
● Dante audio channels are unaffected by HDCP.

Video Basics: Summary
● Structural Video Settings

Resolution, Aspect, Interlaced
● Color Space:
Color encoding (eg 4:2:2), bit depth and High Dynamic Range processing
● Video Codec: JPEG2000
Used in 65% of digital cinemas today.
Visually lossless, appropriate for natural video and computer graphics.
● Supports up to 4K/60 Resolution
HDCP Copy protection management (only if content is protected)
Signal can be split on network - more on this in the Level 2… class, “Multicast”
● Audio is uncompressed, just like other Dante audio devices.

Dante Ports & Connections
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Network Topology: Daisy Chain (aka Switched)
● Some Dante devices will have one

Dante port, some will have two. PRIMARY SECONDARY
● A second port typically defaults to

“Daisy Chain” or “Switched” mode.
SWITCH
INTERNAL
CONNECTION
192.168.1.15

Daisy Chain
©2021 Audinate, Inc. User Ecrips on en.wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daisy_chain.JPG

Network Topology: Star
Daisy Chain Star


Trunk Line / Uplink
Trunk Line / Uplink

Network Topology: Connections (Best Practice, Wiring)
Endpoints Trunk Lines

Computer, Dante Audio Devices, etc. e.g. - Other switches

Network Topology: Redundant


● A second port typically could also
feed a redundant connection.
SWITCH
PRIMARY
CONNECTION
192.168.1.15



● A second port typically could also
feed a redundant connection.
PRIMARY SECONDARY
CONNECTION CONNECTION
192.168.1.15 192.168.2.15

Primary Secondary
169.254.__.__ 172.31.__.__

Network Topology: Review
Daisy Chain Star Redundant

or “Switched”
Redundant will be discussed more

in Dante Certification Level 2

Network Connections: Control Ports
● Some Dante devices will CONTROL PRIMARY SECONDARY

have a control connection.
- iPad control of Mixer
- DSP Configuration
- Beam Forming Mic Config
● Control may be offered as either SWITCH
a Discrete or Combined port

REMOTE CTRL, INTERNAL
PROGRAMMING,
DSP CONFIG, ETC
CONNECTION
192.168.1.15 192.168.1.21
Discrete Control Port

Network Connections: Control Ports
● Some Dante devices will PRIMARY SECONDARY

have a control connection.
- iPad control of Mixer
- DSP Configuration
- Beam Forming Mic Config
● Control may be offered as either SWITCH
a Discrete or Combined port

REMOTE CTRL, INTERNAL
PROGRAMMING,
DSP CONFIG, ETC
CONNECTION
192.168.1.15 192.168.1.21
Combined Control Port

Network Connections: Summary
● Dante devices can be connected in a daisy chain or through a switch.

For devices that have more than one port, you can chain them.
● Device Control ports might be separate or merged w Dante Primary.

For devices with control functions, like DSPs, mixers, beam forming mics, etc.

Tour of Dante Controller
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Dante Names: Introduction
- Dante is managed with friendly names, not obscure numbers.

Devices have names, even channels can be labelled for easier reading.
- When setting up a system, name first, then make subscriptions.

The names are used to remember subscriptions, not numbers or IP addresses.
If you change names after making subscriptions, at the next

reboot, devices may show this symbol indicating it cannot locate
the device or channel – because it is looking for the old name.

Latency
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Latency: Introduction
Latency is the amount of time it takes for a process to complete.

e.g. – the time from input to outputs of a digital system


0.001 second
millisecond
msec 1
1,000 second
microsecond 0.000001 second

µsec 1
1,000,000 second


Speed of Sound = 343 m/sec (1125 ft/sec)*
10msec
(1-way)
3m (10ft) away ≈ 10msec
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Speed of sound changes with temperature, humidity and other factors, but the given speed works for ballpark estimates in 20°C (68°F) at sea level.

Speed of Sound = 343 m/sec (1125 ft/sec)*
20msec 10msec
(Round-Trip) (1-way)
3m (10ft) away ≈ 10msec
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Speed of sound changes with temperature, humidity and other factors, but the given speed works for ballpark estimates in 20°C (68°F) at sea level.

Δt = 7.5msec
Wireless Mic In-Ear Mon

3.0msec 3.0msec
0.25msec 0.25msec
Mixer: 1.0msec

Latency: Deterministic Latency
Dante devices allow you to determine

latency performance. (0.1msec/switch hop is safe.)
Dante latency is imperceptible to

presenters and performers alike.
Dante latency describes the time from a

transmitter accepting a signal until the
receiver plays it out.
Receipt at Playout at Phase alignment

Dante Interface Dante Interface better than 1µsec
Dante
Latency

Latency: Suggested Settings
A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec Outcomes of Mixed Default Latencies

per network switch “hop”. Transmitter Receiver Playout
0.25 msec 0.50 msec
If two devices in a subscription have
0.50 msec 0.50 msec 0.50 msec
different default latency settings, the
1.00 msec 1.00 msec
longer of the two will be used.
    
Receipt at Playout at
Dante Interface Network Dante Interface
Latency
0.5msec

Latency: Suggested Settings
A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec Outcomes of Mixed Default Latencies

per network switch “hop”. Transmitter Receiver Playout
0.25 msec 0.50 msec
0.50 msec 0.50 msec 0.50 msec
1.00 msec 1.00 msec
0.25msec 0.5msec 1.0msec

1.0msec
0.5msec

Latency: Verifying Performance in Dante Controller
A safe rule of thumb is 0.1msec

per network switch “hop”.

Dante Controller can show you the

latency performance of any connection.
Receiving “Device View” Latency Tab

Latency: Dante Performance
● Drummers can hear in headphones before direct sound from their drum.
≈ 1.44msec
Total System
≈ 1.777-2.333msec
(2x) ≈ 0.12 msec (2x) 0.25 msec ≈ 0.7msec

Time for sound to travel 2’-2½’
● At 4K/60, Dante can deliver video from HDMI to HDMI in a half frame.
IN OUT
≈ 8msec
Dante AV System
Including Codec
8msec
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Audio latency measurements at 96kHz, confirmed by staff at Focusrite and Allen & Heath.
Latency: Dante Video – Perfect Lip Sync
1 msec
Network
HDMI
VIDEO
MONITOR OUT HDMI IN HDMI OUT ETHER NET 2 ETHER NET 1 / POE
48V DC IN
AUDIO
7 msec
Codec & Other Work
7 msec
Audio Buffer

Latency: Impeccable Frame Alignment
Video Wall Blended Projection

Latency: Summary
● Everything has latency.

Even the speed of sound and speed of light are quantifiable.
● Typical Dante latency is 1.00msec or less - down to 0.25msec

This latency is not perceivable – seamless to presenter/performer.
A good rule of thumb for modest systems is 0.1msec per switch hop.
If latency settings don’t agree, it uses the longer of the Tx and Rx settings.
● Dante AV maintains lip sync, even though essences are separate.
The same latency is automatically negotiated for audio and video.
Dante AV automatically delays the audio to compensate for video codec latency.
Access to audio delay is provided in case your venue has a sync issue.

Dante is Standard Networking
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Standard Wired Network Solutions: COTS Hardware
Dante uses COTS hardware.

COTS means Commercial Off-The-Shelf
No special hardware.
No special firmware.
No special settings.
If you are only using one switch and only running Dante...
an unmanaged, wide-open switch is a great place to start.

Use your favorite brands:


Use managed and/or unmanaged switches:

Standard Wired Network Solutions: Managed vs Unmanaged
Unmanaged Switches
- Out-of-the-box, Plug-n-Play.
- Sufficient for small, dedicated audio systems.
Managed switches
- Allows for traffic separation and optimization.
- Scalable for large networks and video deployments.
- Interested? Continue to Level 2 after this class.
Dante works on either type.
- Dante designed to maximize unmanaged environments
- Dante offers hooks and tags for managed environments

Switch Features to Look for: 1Gbps or Faster
1Gbit Speed (or better)

● Provides capacity for higher channel counts.
● Higher bandwidth improves clocking between devices.
Time / Transmission Frames
100Mbit Packet ready, waits for next

transmission opportunity
1Gbit

Switch Features to Look for: PoE
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
● PoE powers devices through Year Informal Port-Supplied
the Ethernet connection. Ratified Descriptor Name Standard Power
● Devices follow a standard, 2003 Type 1 PoE 802.3af 15W
only pull required power.

2009 Type 2 PoE+ 802.3at 30W
● The “PoE Budget” lists the
total power available.
Type 3 60W
2018 PoE++ 802.3bt
Type 4 100W

Switch Features to Look for: PoE
Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)
● PoE powers devices through
the Ethernet connection.
● Devices follow a standard,
only pull required power.
PoE Draw
● The “PoE Budget” lists the

total power available.
● Reserve ≈ 20% for power
PoE Budget
loss and some headroom.

PoE Budget Estimation
802.3af
3W draw
Draw 3.0W
25.5W
+ 25.5W
54.0W
20% Reserve + 10.8W
802.3at
PoE Budget 64.8W 25.5W full draw (ea)

Switch Features to Look for: EEE Disable
Energy Efficient Ethernet (Disable)

● Known by several names
Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE), Green Ethernet, 802.3az
● Intended to reduce energy

consumption of network switches.
● Known to cause data interruptions,
problematic for any real-time network.
● If EEE is engaged, network may work
most of the time, with random hiccups.
● Most switches have EEE, but many
can disable it with a setting.

About Neutrik etherCON Connections
● Neutrik etherCON connectors are standard RJ45

adding a rugged, locking “Cannon” shell.
etherCON supported by product chassis.
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Neutrik etherCON photos: https://www.neutrik.com/en/products/data/ethercon

About Neutrik etherCON Connections
● Neutrik etherCON connectors are standard RJ45

adding a rugged, locking “Cannon” shell.
● Normal RJ45 cable can connect to etherCON.
etherCON supported by product chassis.
RJ45 often supported by PCB
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Opened switch photo:https://youtu.be/JS0Rp7qxWTY?t=563

Standard Wired Network Solutions: Cabling
● CAT5e or better is suggested.

CAT5e or better will deliver 1Gbps at 100m lengths.
Do not use CAT5 – it was only rated for 100Mbps speeds.
Cable Tx Speed
CAT5 100Mbps
CAT5e 1Gbps
CAT6 1Gbps
CAT6A 10Gbps

● We can also use Fiber Optics

Fiber is appropriate for longer runs.
300m is a typical starting point, some parts can go many kilometers
SFP Slots

● We can also use Fiber Optics

Fiber is appropriate for longer runs.
300m is a typical starting point, some parts can go many kilometers

WiFi is not supported for media streams.
WiFi is less reliable and lower bandwidth than wired solutions.

Not supported for Dante Audio/Video streams
Supported for Dante Controller: Control & Monitoring
There are wireless products that link to Dante…
Bluetooth
AtteroTech, Audinate,
Elytone, Williams Sound
Wireless mics/body packs, IEM Receivers 5GHz Spanning

AKG, Audio Technica, Lectrosonics, Sennheiser, Shure, Sony FM Transmitter, IR Transmitter, WiFi Neutrik
Williams AV / Williams Sound

Core IP Settings: IP Address and Your Subnet
Devices in your subnet will be contacted locally.
LAN
192.168.0.101 IP Address 192 . 168 . 0 . 101
192.168.0.105
The devices on
my local network 192 . 168 . 0 . ___
should start with
DHCP
192.168.0.119 SWITCH

LAN
192.168.0.101 IP Address 192 . 168 . 0 . 101
192.168.0.105 Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Subnet 192 . 168 . 0 . ___
Gateway 192 . 168 . 0 . 1

DHCP
192.168.0.119 SWITCH
subnet - the range of IP addresses
found on your local network.

IP Address 192 . 168 . 0 . 101

Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Subnet 192 . 168 . 0 . ___
Gateway 192 . 168 . 0 . 1


IP Address 192 . 168 . 0 . 101

Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
Subnet 192 . 168 . 0 . ___
Gateway 192 . 168 . 0 . 1


Core IP Settings: Local Address Ranges
There are ranges of IP address available for use on your local network.
LAN
192.168.0.101
192.168.0.105 192 . 168 . __ . __
Local
Address 10 . __ . __ . __
Ranges 172 . 16-31 . __ . __
DHCP
192.168.0.119 SWITCH

Core IP Settings: Local Address Ranges
There are ranges of IP address available for use on your local network.
LAN
10.156.217.101
10.156.217.105 192 . 168 . __ . __
Local
Address 10 . __ . __ . __
Ranges 172 . 16-31 . __ . __
DHCP
10.156.217.11 SWITCH Beginner’s safe rule: Do not
9 end your IP address in 0 or 255.

Core IP Settings: Automatic Addressing, Link Local
Dante devices support Static or Automatic (DHCP, Link Local) Addressing
Automatic Addressing:
Looks for DHCP Server.
If none found, revert to Link Local.
IP Address 169 . 254 . 15 . 167

Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Subnet 169 . 254 . __ . __
Link Local: Randomly picks an

address in 169.254.__.__.

Core IP Settings: Automatic Addressing, Link Local
Dante devices support Static or Automatic (DHCP, Link Local) Addressing
LAN Automatic Addressing:

169.254.15.167 Looks for DHCP Server.
169.254.119.21 If none found, revert to Link Local.
IP Address 169 . 254 . 15 . 167

Subnet Mask 255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Subnet 169 . 254 . __ . __
169.254.137.201 SWITCH
Link Local: Randomly picks an

address in 169.254.__.__.

Networking: Summary
● Dante uses standard network switches and cabling.

No special firmware required – use your favorite brands.
● Dante can use managed or unmanaged switches.
Small, dedicated networks may not need configuration.
If you need to join a managed network, Dante is prepared to do that, as well.
We suggest: 1Gbps or faster, Power over Ethernet (PoE), Disable EEE
● Dante media doesn’t cross WiFi, but Dante control does.
Different wireless technologies solve different wireless issues – use the right tool.
● IP addressing ranges reserved for Local Area Networks
Safe rule: Don’t end your IP address in 0 or 255.
If DHCP server is not present, automatic addressing reverts to Link Local.

Dante Links to a Computer
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Dante to a Computer
ProTools
Cubase
Nuendo
Premiere
QLab
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Figure 53® and QLab® are registered trademarks of Figure 53, LLC. Audinate is not affiliated with Figure 53, LLC and the Dante Certification program has not been reviewed nor is it approved by Figure 53, LLC
Dante to a Computer
ProTools
Cubase
Nuendo
Premiere
QLab
Any 1Gbps
wired port
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Figure 53® and QLab® are registered trademarks of Figure 53, LLC. Audinate is not affiliated with Figure 53, LLC and the Dante Certification program has not been reviewed nor is it approved by Figure 53, LLC
Dante to a Computer: Dante Virtual Soundcard (DVS)
Simple & Lean

No frills audio input/output
Flexible Channel Count

Adjustable in Size from 2x2 to 64x64
ASIO (up to 64x64) or WDM (16x16)
Core Audio (up to 64x64)
Low Latency
Great for DAWs and live performance

Dante to a Computer: Dante Via
Processing & Repatching

Route signal between objects in the computer.
Take a Dante input to a USB Interface Output.
Sample Rate Converts everything to 48kHz
Dynamic Sizing
Expose any sound source or destination.
16x16 to any program or device, 32x32 in total.
ASIO (32x32), WDM (16x16)
Core Audio (up to 32x32)
Medium Latency
The Processing takes time.
Cubase
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Demonstration of Dante Via for Production Conferencing Applications: https://vimeo.com/475042691
Dante to a Computer: Summary – DVS vs Dante Via
Dante Virtual Soundcard Dante Via

Straight-Thru Interface, more I/O Routing between audio objects
Mixing signals
Sample Rate Conversion
Minimal Control/Set-up Internal Routing Functionality

Low latency Modest latency
A single computer can have DVS and Dante Via installed simultaneously.
However, a single computer can only run one at a time.

Dante to a Computer: Dante Application Library (DAL)
Software can include a virtual Dante interface built-in with DAL:

Dante Application Library
©2021 Audinate, Inc. Demonstration of Dante Via for Production Conferencing Applications: https://vimeo.com/425574576
Dante to a Computer… or a Mobile Device
USB Type-C 2x2 I/O (24-bit 48kHz) USB Bluetooth 1x2 I/O (24-bit 48kHz)
- Ideal for Smartphones and Tablets - Stream Stereo audio wirelessly via Bluetooth
- Provides USB 5V Power while connects - Receive or send audio from/to the Network
- Plug any device into the Dante Network - Use Bluetooth mic/speakers as Dante Tx/Rx

Dante to a Computer: Professional Recording
PCIe-R Soundcard ProTools I/O
128x128 @ 24-bit, 96kHz

Focusrite is a fixed configuration, linkable.
Available from Apogee and Avid solutions are card cages.
Focusrite, SSL and Yamaha ProTools

Dante to a Computer: Summary
● Dante Virtual Soundcard and Dante Via

Software that simulates a soundcard, uses any 1Gbps wired port.
● Dante Application Library (DAL)
Dante virtual interface is built-in to some applications.
● USB and Bluetooth I/O for computer or Mobile Devices
Better interfaces for Conferencing, Health Clubs and other Consumer Interfaces
● Hardware Products for Professional Recording
Redundant network support, high channel counts and sample rates.

Conclusion
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

The Certification Mini Tests
Digital Audio
Digital Video
Networking
Dante Solution
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

The Dante Platform
  
Digital Audio Digital Video Networking

The Certification Mini Tests
Digital Audio
Digital Video
Networking
Dante Solution
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

The Dante Platform
  
Digital Audio Digital Video Networking

Dante Level 1 Certificate and Seal
Once you pass all tests…
Certificate Available Immediately Seal Available Within 2 Weeks

Finish
LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Dante Certification Level 1 - 2nd Ed

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Dante Certification Level 1 - 2nd Ed

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Introduction

Dante Certification Level 1, Second Edition

LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Practical Training Benefits:

Qualifies for Renewal Credits

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Second Edition: Updated Information

Dante AVIO DAL & DEP

Dante Virtual Soundcard

Ultimo-X, Broadway Chipsets Dante over Distance (>500 miles)

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Second Edition: Structure

Single-Switch Multiple-Switches Multiple-Switches

Professional Point Person Interface with IT Staff

LEVE L 2nd Ed. LEVE L 2nd Ed.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Second Edition: Structure + Electives

New Level 1-2-3 classes act as “General Education”.

LEVE L 2nd Ed. LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Basics of Sound for Intro to Fiber Dante AV Dante & ST 2110

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.

Headquartered in Network Engineers Develop Dante as

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

● Manufacturers use our tested resources

Dante HC (High Capacity)

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

● Manufacturers use our tested resources

Any wired Dante Virtual Soundcard

Dante Controller Dante Domain Manager

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Dante Controller Dante Domain Manager

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.

So, is Dante like a Digital Snake?

No, a network is far more powerful.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Point-to-Point Networked Solution

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Digital Snake (CAT5)

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Backstage monitor to check

Monitor desk w virtual

FoH desk w virtual

Formal recording system.

A “whimsical” 6-way split

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

Output splits for main PA

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

● Three unrelated Digital Snakes & Point-to-Point (P2P) Connections

● Stagebox channels USB

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

● Dante is not just an audio-video transport, it is a complete solution.

● Dante Certification will go beyond the simplistic design.

©2021 Audinate, Inc.

LEVE L 2nd Ed.