Haemoglobin - 10.

4 g/dL Normal range for pregnant woman is 11-14 g/dL

● Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells. Your red blood cells carry oxygen
throughout your body. If you have a condition that affects your body’s ability to make red
blood cells, your hemoglobin levels may drop. Low hemoglobin levels may be a
symptom of several conditions, including different kinds of anemia and cancer.
(Cleveland clinic)
● The patient haemoglobin is below the normal range which is 11 g/dL.
● Possible causes that can affect the level of haemoglobin:
○ The body doesn't make enough RBC
○ The body produces enough red blood cells, but the cells are dying faster than
your body can replace them
○ Losing blood from injury or illness
○ The body can’t absorb iron
○ Not having enough essential nutrients like iron and Vit. B12 and B9
● The patient has bleeding and might be the cause of low Haemoglobin level

White cell count - 24.1 x 109 /L. Normal range for pregnant woman is 6-16 x 109/L
● White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight
infection and other diseases. (NIH)
● The patient’s white cell count is above the normal range which is 6-16 x 109/L.
● Possible causes that can affect the level of white cell count:
○ An infection
○ Reaction to a medicine (allergic reaction, the WBC attacking the medicine, etc)
○ A bone marrow disease
 ○ An immune system issue
○ Sudden stress such as hard exercise
○ Smoking
● The patient’s condition must be the cause of high blood white cell count. It might be a
sign of infection.

Neutrophils - 18 x 109/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 2.5-7 x 109/L.

● Neutrophils help your immune system fight infections and heal injuries. Neutrophils are
the most common type of white blood cell in your body. Neutrophils are a type of white
blood cell (leukocytes) that act as your immune system’s first line of defense.(Cleveland
Clinic)
● Possible causes that can affect the level of neutrophils
○ Infections
○ Inflammation
○ Injury
○ Certain types of leukemia
○ Reactions to certain drugs
● The patient’s neutrophils are above the normal range. It might be a sign of infection.

Platelets - 556 x 109/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 150-400 x 109/L
● A platelet count is a test that measures the number of platelets in your blood. Platelets
are cells that help your blood clot. Too few platelets can be a sign of cancer, infections or
other health problems. Too many platelets put you at risk for blood clots or stroke.
● Possible causes of high platelet count:
○ Infections
○ Problems with the genes that control platelet production
● The patient’s platelet count might be high because of infection and bleeding.

Sodium - 135 mmol/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 130-140 mmol/L
● It helps maintain normal blood pressure, supports the work of your nerves and muscles,
and regulates your body's fluid balance. (Mayo Clinic)
● The patient’s sodium is within normal range.

Potassium - 3.4 mmol/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 3.3-4.1 mmol/L
● It is a chemical that is critical to the function of nerve and muscle cells, including those in
your heart.
● The patient’s Potassium level is within range.

Urea - 6 mmol/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 2.4-4.3 mmol/L

● Urea nitrogen is a waste product. It develops when your body breaks down the protein in
the foods you eat. It forms in your liver and travels through your blood to your kidneys,
which then filter it out of your blood. It leaves your body through your urine (pee).
 ● Urea nitrogen levels in your blood are one marker that allows healthcare providers to
understand how well your kidneys are working. A small amount of urea nitrogen in your
blood is normal. If you have too much urea nitrogen in your blood, your kidneys aren’t
filtering it properly. You may have a condition that’s affecting your kidneys’ health.
● What does it mean if the urea level is high:
○ High-protein diet
○ Dehydration
○ GI tract bleeding
● The patient has a high level of urea.
● The patient’s high level of urea might be because of Dehydration, a high-protein diet, or
a problem with her kidneys’.

Creatinine - 80 µmol/L. Normal range for pregnant women is 34-82 µmol/L

● Creatinine is a waste product that’s typically filtered out of your blood by your kidneys.
Abnormal levels of creatinine could be a sign of kidney failure
● The patient’s creatinine level is normal.

C-reactive protein - 127 mg/L . Normal range for pregnant women is <5 mg/L

● A C-reactive protein (CRP) test measures the level of C-reactive protein in your blood.
Your liver releases CRP into your bloodstream in response to inflammation.
● Factors that can affect CRP level:
○ Smoking
○ Common Cold
○ Depression
○ Diabetes
○ Insomnia
○ Gingivitis
○ Obesity
○ Pregnancy
● The patient has a high level of CRP.
● The high level of CRP might be a sign of inflammation.

Transvaginal Ultrasound Report:

● Single intrauterine gestational sac

○ It means that there is a single yolk sac.
● Fetus present with crown-rump length 42.7 mm
○ The crown-rump length is too small
 ○ The normal CRl for 13 weeks is 68.0-83.9
● Fetal Heartbeat absent
○ The absence of fetal heartbeat can be diagnosed as miscarriage.