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TESTCODE02207010
FORMTP2007166 ........ 1r,.·. MAY/JUNE2007
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVAN CED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY - UNIT 2
PaperOl
90minutes
--
(u JUNE 2007 (p.m.))
READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY.
I. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.
2. Each;tem in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are
I
about to answer and decide which choice is best.
3. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.
Sample Item
Which of the following is NOT a form of

energy storage?
-
(A) ATP Sample Answer
(B) Lipid
(C) Alcohol
•@©@
4.
(D) Lactic acid
The best answer to this item is "ATP" , so answer space (A) has been blackened.
Ifyou want to change your answer, be sure to erase your old answer completely and fill in your new
-
choice.
5. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot
answer an item, omit it and go on io the next one. You can come back to the harder item later. Your
score will be the total number of correct answers.
6. You may do any rough work in this booklet.
7. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
8. The useofnon-programmable calculators is allowed.
9. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them. ·
I 0. Do not be concerned thatthe answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in
this test.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
·CopyrightC2006Can1>beanExaminationsCouncil.
All rights reserved.
0?.?.070Hl/C:APF. 2007 .L AllFJX Sl!AL HllRE .L
-2-
In plant cells, which ofthe following processes 4. GP
1. C02~V
uses ATP?
(A) Osmosis in root hairs

(B) Mineral uptake in root hairs
(C) Diffusion into root hairs
(D) Turgor pressure in root cortex RuBP GALPTP
2. The spongy mesophyll is the chief site of

gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous leaf.
This is possible because the cells are
~ Intermediary
)
Products
---
(A) elongated in shape and vertically
THE CALVIN CYCLE
packed
(B) irregular in shape and tightly packed ATP, produced in photophosphorylation, is
(C) found near the upper surface of the used in the Calvin Cycle shown above.
leaf Which of the following combinations
(D) found near the lower surface of the correctly identifies the stages, labelled I to
leaf IV where ATP is used?
(A) I and II only

3. Which of the following processes, taking (B) I and III only
place during photosynthesis, returns (C) II and IV only
chlorophyll molecules to their reduced state? (D) IV and III only
(A) Formation ofATP

(B) Photolysis of water 5. An investigation of the effect of light
(C) Excitation of Photosystem intensity and temperature on the rate of
(D) Oxidation ofNADPH photosynthesis of a suspension of Ch lore/la
cells showed that at higher light intensities,
. the cells photosynthesized much faster at
20° C than at 15° C. This is because
(A) photosynthesis is an enzyme

controlled process
(B) carbon dioxide diffuses at higher
temperatures
(C) high temperatures favour high
transpiration rates
(D) higher light intensities increase the
rate of photolysis of water
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
02207010/CAPE2007
-3-
6. Ifoxygen is not available during the process Item 9 refers to the following apparatus set
of aerobic respiration, the net number of up to determine the rate of respiration of
ATP molecules produced from a molecule germinating seeds.
of glucose is
(A) 2 Glass tubing of

(B) 4 2 mm internal diameter
(C) 34 Shallow
(D) 38 Metal tray
gauze of water
7. In the diagram of the mitochondrion below, Soda Q,~~2~~~-J-Water in

enzymes which catalyse oxidative lime tube
phosphorylation are located at site Germinating seeds Position of
meniscus
The results of the experiment are presented

in the table below.
Time Volume of Oxygen

(mins) Absorbed (cm')
(based on distance
IV moved by meniscus)
5 1.6
(A) I 10 2.1
(B) II 15 3.4
(C) III 20 4.2
(D) IV
9. . Which of the following quantities represents

8. Which of the following pairs of options is the average rate of oxygen uptake by the
correct for both the Krebs cycle and the seeds during the time course of the
electron transport chain? experiment?
Krebs Cycle Electron (A) 4.2 cm3 min· 1

Transnort Chain (B) 0.21 cm' min· 1
(A) 0 2 is not consumed 0 2 is consumed (C) ··· 1.26 cm' min· 1
(B) C02 not produced C02 produced (D) 6.7 cm3 hr 1
(C) Site of action is the Site of action is the
inner membrane of inner layer of the 10. In muscle tissue 'Undergoing strenuous
the mitochondrion grana contractions, the formation oflactate is due
(D) NAO+ is reduced to NAO+ is reduced to to the
NADH+H+ NADH+W
(A) high concentration of carbon dioxide
(B) high concentration of glycogen
(C) low concentration of glucose
(D) low concentration of oxygen
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPE2007
-4-
11. Which of the following is a correct definition Item 14 refers to the terrarium below, an
of the term 'habitat'? example of a self-sustaining unit.
(A) The relationship between an

organism and other species
(B) The interacting community of
organisms and the environment
(C) The way in which the environment
is exploited by the organism
(D) A location within a biome where an
organism dwells
..... .. ·~ .. : ·.... ..
-- ~
12. Net primary production (NPP) is

14. Which of the following reasons explains why
(A) the transfer of energy through an the plants in the jar continue to thrive for
ecosystem several months after the jar is sealed, even
(B) the amount of organic material though no additional materials are used?
available to herbivores
(C) the amount of organic material made (A) The plants contain stored
in photosynthesis carbohydrates that are utilized.
(D) ·the amount of energy reaching the (B) Microorganisms in the soil
earth's surface decompose the organic wastes to
facilitate recycling.
(C) There are no herbivores in thejarto
13. The figure below represents an ecological eat the plants and thus limit
. pyramid of numbers. The species of photosynthesis.
organisms in the pyramid are blackbirds, (D) The glass jar exposes the plants to
aphids, lice and cherry trees. adequate light for photosynthesis.
w
15. Jn the nitrogen cycle, denitrifying bacteria
x convert
y
(A) atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates
z (B) nitrates to atmospheric nitrogen
(C) ammonium compounds to nitrates
Match EACH of the species below with (D) atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium
the options above. compounds
w x y z
(A) lice aphids blackbirds cherry
trees
(B) blackbird~ lice aphids cherry
trees
(C) aphids cherry lice blackbirds
trees
(D) lice blackbirds aphids cherry
trees
GO ON TO TIIE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPE2007
r
-5-
16. Which ofthe following describes the function 18. The function of the companion cell in
ofthe endodennis? mature phloem tissue is that it
(A) It controls the movement of water (A) provides structural support for the
and ions to the xylem using a sieve tubes ··
Casparian strip. (B) actively moves sucrose out of
(B) It releases root pressure as water neighbouring photosynthesizing
moves into the xylem by osmosis. cells to the sieve tubes
(C) It allows water molecules to cling to (C) moves sucrose ag·ainst a
the surface by cohesion so that a concentration gradient into the
continuous column is created. xylem
(D) It forms a system ofinter-connected (D) contains a nucleus needed for cell
plasmadesmata through which division of the sieve tube elements
water and ions can move.
19. Which of the following statements presents

Item 17 refers to the diagram below which the BEST evidence to support the mass flow
shows some of the cells involved in loss of theory of phloem transport?
water from part of a plant.
(A) Phloem tissue carries manufactured
food to destinations
simultaneously, rather than to the
greatest 'sink'.
(B) Sieve plates are a barrier and have
been reduced in the course of
evolution.
(C) Contents of sieve tubes are under
pressure, and sugar solution
exudes of phloem are cut.
(D) Appropriate gradients between
'source' and 'sink' tissues do not
exist.
17. Which ofthe following correctly identifies the

regions labelled P and Q?
A
B Root cortex --
c ·Palisade
D Stem cortex
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
0220701 O/CAPE2007
-6-
Item 20 shows a diagram ofa longitudinal Items 21 - 22 refer to the diagram below
section of the heart. which shows the pressure in the left side of
·the heart.
Left
1 I
.3 velltrlcle I
Left side : /"°"'II I
/
of heart 16 I 1 -
' -~~ l>rt ,,
I
13 -- '/,I --- I
Pressure/ I
11 I I
kPa I I
s. I
I
I
I
x I I
,, I
"
I
,... l I
0
-3
I
I
--
- atrium
Le~t
"\
-- ·- I\'.
I
),
I
_,
21. The semi-lunar valves close at
(A)
20. The position of the sino-atrial node is indicated (8) [(
by (C) Ill
(D) IV
(A)
(8) II
(C) Ill 22. The small surge in pressure in region X is
(D) IV caused by
(A) atrial diastole

(B) atrial systole
(C) ventricular diastole
(D) ventricular systole
Item 23 refers to the photograph below which

shows a human blood smear.
23. What is the approximate magnification of

this photograph?
(A) x700
(B) x 170
(C) x 70
(D) x 15 GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
022070 IO/CAPE 2007
-7-
Item 24 refers to the graph below which Item 26 refers to the diagram below which
shows the oxygen dissociation curve for shows the ultrastructure of two cells from
haemoglobin at pH 6.8 and 7.5. the kidney with part ofan adjacent capillary.
A
100 : pH7.5
Microvilli
5--::;::::::''--pH 6.8
% solution
of
haemoglobin
50
} Blood capillary
24. The percentage saturation ofhaemoglobin in 26. The region of the nephron shown is the
the Wood leaving an active muscle is shown
at (A) Bowman'scapsule
(B) collecting duct
(A) .A ( C) glomerulus
(B) B (D) proximal tubule
(C) C
(D) D
27. Glomerular filtrate contains substances with
a relative molecular mass less than 68,000.
25. Which of the following combinations of Larger molecules such as red blood cells and
processes numbered I to IV, relates to the proteins are prevented from passing into the
liver? nephron because ofthe
I. Glucose regulation -(A) basement membrane

II. Transamination (B) capillary endothellium
III. Storage of Vitamins A, B and D (C) podocytes
IV. Manufacture of digestive enzymes (D) glomerular pressure
(A) I, II and III

(B) I, II and IV
(C) I, III and IV
(D) II, III and IV
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
0220701 O/CAPE2007
-8-
28. Which of the following pairs of cells and structures possess myelin sheaths?
I Ill
(A) I and Ifonly

(B) II and III only
(C) III and IV only
(D) IV and I only
29. A delay of 0.5 ms occurs in transmission 30. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by cells in
across a synapse because the pancreas. Which TWO of the following
changes are brought about by glucagon?
(A) calcium ions diffuse into the synaptic
knob I. It decreases the blood gucose level.
(B) ion channels in the postsynaptic II. It increases the blood glucose level.
membrane respond slowly to the Ill. It stimulates the breakdown of
presence of acetylcholine which glycogen.
diffuses across the cleft IV. It stimulates the formation of
(C) the synaptic knob releases glycogen.
acetylcholine which diffuses across
the cleft {A) I and III
(D) the presynaptic membrane is in a (B) I and IV
refractory period (C) II and III
(D) II and IV

02207010/CAPE2007
-9-
31. Which of the following correctly identifies 35. Which ofthe following combinations co1rectly
three groups of nutrients that provide energy describe the pathogens responsible for
in the diet? malaria, dengue fever and AIDS?
(A) Protein, minerals, fibre

Malaria Dengue AIDS
(B) Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre
Fever
(C) Lipids, carbohydrates, protein
(A) Eukaryotic Virus Virus
(D) Minerals, water, fibre
parasite
(B) Bacterium Eukaryotic Virus
parasite
32. Which of the following conditions is NOT (C) Virus Bacterium Eukaryotic
i caused by malnutrition?
(D) Eukaryotic Bacterium
parasite
Bacterium
I' (A) Obesity oarasite
(B) Marasmas
(C) Kwashiorkor
(D) Emphysema
36. Which of the following diseases is treated
with drugs that have a similar structure to the
33. Fatty deposits in arteries can contribute to DNA molecule?
strokes and heart disease. This condition is
called (A) AIDS
(B) Malaria
(A) arteriosclerosis (C) Dengue fever
(B) arthritis (D) Sickle cell anaemia
(C) thrombosis
(D) atherosclerosis
34. Which of the following factors is

responsible for the increase in heart rate
during exercise?
(A) Accumulation of lactic acid in the

muscles
(B) Decreased oxygen concentration in
the blood stream
(C) Increased adrenaline in the blood
stream
(D) Increased glucose concentration in
the blood stream --
(
'
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
022070 I O/CAPE2007
- 10 -
Item 37 refers to the diagrams below which Item 39 refers to the options below.
shows the stages of phagocytism of a
bacterium by a neutrophil. I. Globular glycoprotein
II. Four polypeptide chains
III. Two identical binding sites
~ IV. A hinge region
D
39. The above features are characteristic of
0
l (A) antigens
2
(B) antibodies
(C) phagocytes
(D) haemoglobin
40. A newborn baby is protected from diseases

3 4 by antibodies acquired from the maternal
circulation. This is an example of
37. Which of the following shows the correct
sequence of the phagocytic process? (A) artificial active immunity
(B) artificial passive immunity
(A) 4 2 3 I (C) natural active immunity
(B) 2 3 4 (D) natural passive immunity
(C) 4 2 3
(D) 3 2 4
41. Which of the following is NOT an example
of an application for monoclonal antibodies?
38. The following are characteristics of
lymphocytes. (A) Pregnancy testing
(B) Diagnosis of diseases
I. Attack cells infected with (C) Prevention of transplanted organ
microorganisms rejection
II. Produce antibodies (D) Gene therapy
III. Produce memory cells
IV. Mature in the thymus gland
42. Fat accumulates in the liver when alcohol is
Two characteristics of T lymphocytes are consumed regularly because
(A) I and II only (A) liver cells use alcohol as an energy

(B) I and III only source instead of fat
(C) I and IV only (B) fat absorbs alcohol and helps to
(D) III and IV only detoxify it
(C) alcohol is used to synthesise fat
molecules in the liver
(D) alcohol prevents the liver cells from
secreting fat molecules

022070 I O/CAPE2007
- 11 -
Item 43 refers to the diagram below which 44. Which pair of effects, labelled I to IV, is a
shows the manufacture of recombinant direct result of nicotine in tobacco smoke?
human insulin.
I. Constriction ofarterial diameter
II. Increased mucus production in the
alveoli
III. Paralysis of cilia in the bronchi
IV. Increased stickiness of blood
platelets
(A) I and II
(B) I and IV
(C) II and III
(0) III and IV
45. Which of the following explains the use of

restriction enzymes in gene technology?
(A) Breaking down bacterial cell walls

to release plasmids
(B) Forming DNA from RNA
(C) Cutting open circular DNA of
plasmids
(D) Joining different pieces of DNA to
form recombinant plasmids
43. At which point of the stages, labelled I, II, llI

and IV, does the replication of donor genes
occur?
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(0) IV -·-
IFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOURWORKONTHISTEST.
022070 IO/CAPE2007
l CAPE 2008 U2
+ AFFIX SEAL HERE t
! P1 (Trinidad)
I~ .
TESTCODE22207010
MAY/JUNE2008
\! FORM TP2008161
ADVANCEDPROF1CIENCYEXAMINATION
\ BIOLOGY-UNIT2
PaperOl
90minutes
( 11 JULY 2008 (p.m.))
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
I. This test consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.
- 2.
3.
4.
In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.
Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this
test.
Eachiteminthistesthasfoursuggestedanswerslettered(A),(B),(C),(D). Readeachitemyouareabout
to answer and decide which choice is best.
5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the
same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.
Sample Item
-
Which ofthe following is NOT a form of
energy storage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
ATP
Lipid
Alcohol
Sample Answer
•@©@
-
(D) Lactic acid
The best answer to this itern is "ATP", so answer space (A) has been shaded.
6. Ifyou want to change your answer, be sure to erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot
answer an item, omit it and go on to thenext one. Your score will be the total numberof correct answers.
f IO. The use ofnon-programmable calculators is allowed.
. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

CopyrigbtC2608 Caribbean Examinations Council.
???0701 O/r A 1>1: '>MR
-2-
Item 1 refers to the following diagram which 4. Which of the following CORRECTLY
shows a chloroplast. describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate
of photosynthesis?
I. Light intensity and temperature

II. Carbon dioxide concentration and
state of the stomata
III. NAD and ATP availability
IV. Phytochromes and the availability of
ions
,.
(A) I and II only i
I
(B) land III only
(C) I, II and III only
{D) I, II, III and IV
1. RuBP carboxylase can be found in Region

s. High oxygen concentration can limit
{A) I photosynthesis by preventing the formation
(B) II of glycerate phosphate. This is due to
(C) III
(D) IV (A) the oxidation of reduced NADP by
oxygen
(B) oxygen combining with RuBP instead
2. The electrons from non-cyclic ofcarbon dioxide
photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin (C) oxygen combining with Rubisco
cycle via which of the following? instead of carbon dioxide
(D) triose phosphate which cannot
{A) ATP regenerate Ru BP in high oxygen
{B) NADH2 concentration
{C) FAD
(D) NADP
6. Thereactionlinkingglycolysis and the Kreb's
cycle results in the formation of
3. The Calvin cycle is important as it produces
{A) ATP
(A) triose phosphate that can be used for (B) pyruvate
the production of carbohydrates (C) acetylCoA
(B) reduced NAD that is used to (D) triose phosphate
generate ATP
{C) oxygen that helps maintain the
·carbon dioxide balance in the
atmosphere
(D) glucose phosphate which can be
used to form sucrose
-3-
7. The FINAL pathway for all carbon atoms, 8. The oxygen consumed during cellular
derived from food, during cellular respiration respiration is directly involved in
is the
(A) the citric acid cycle
(A) food chain (B) the phosphorylation ofADP
(B) Kreb's cycle (C) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl
(C) Calvin cycle CoA
(D) electron transport chain (D) accepting electrons at the end of the
electron transport chain
9. Which of the following BEST describes an ecosystem?
(A) Producers + consumers + habitats +non-living component

(B) ' Producers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component
(C) Consumers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component
(D) Producers + consumers + decomposers + non-living component
10. During vigorous exercise pyruvate is 13. Improvement of biodiversity can BEST be
achieved by
(A) reduced to lactate
(B) converted to glycogen (A) controlled hunting
(C) converted to ethanol (B) systematic logging
(D) transferred to acetyl CoA (C) creating green areas
(D) monocropping
11. Which sequence CORRECTLY represents

the action ofnitrifying bacteria? 14. Endangered species may BEST be described
as species
(A) Ammonium~ nitrite ~ nitrate
(B) Nitrogen ~ nitrate ~ nitrite (A) which are under threat of declining
(C) Nitrate ~ ammonium ~ nitrogen in number
(D) Nitrite ~ nitrate ~ ammonium (B) with low population numbers that are
in considerable danger of
becoming extinct
12. Which of the following sequences is (C) which cannot be found in areas that
CORRECTLY ranked in order of they recently inhabited or in other
decreasing size? likely habitats
(D) with sm<11l populations which are
(A) Ecosystem - biome - habitat restricted geographically with
(B) Biome - ecosystem - habitat localised habitats
(C) Habitat- ecosystem - biome
(D) Habitat- biome - ecosystem
-4-
Item 15 refers to an ocean food pyramid. The 17. Which of the following describes the correct
number in brackets represents the weight of sequence by which water rs lost through
the organism. transpiration?
Trophic I. Water passes from the xylem into

Level the mesophyll cells.
II. Water travels from cell to cell down
4 a water potential gradient.
3 herring (50) Ill. Water evaporates from the surface
of the mesophyll cells.
2 zooplankton (500) IV. Water leaves through the stomata by
1 phytoplankton (2500) diffusion. '
(A) I, II, III, IV

15. The percentage of energy available for (B) I, II, IV, III
transfer to a person eating 0.5 kilograms of (C) II, I, IV, III
tuna is approximately (D) IV, III, II, I
(A) 1%
(B) 5%
Item 18 refers to the following diagram which
(C) 100/o
represents the distribution of tissues in a
(D) 20%
dicotyledonous root
16. Which of the following does NOT describe

how mineral ions are transported from the
soil to the endodermis of the root?
(A) Transported with water via the

apoplast route
(B) Carried across the root cells passively
with water in the transpiration '---IV
stream
(C) By active transport via the apoplast
route 18.
(D) Transport of water along the apoplast
By passive diffusion across the
pathway is prevented by the region labelled
apoplast route
(A) I
(B) TI
(C) III
(D) IV
-5-
Item 19 refers to the following diagram which Item 21 refers to the following diagram which
shows a longitudinal section of a mammalian shows the heart and associated blood vessels.
heart.
I---"'"-
-+----IV
II---14':::-
21. The inferior vena cava is labelled
(A) I
19. The position of the sinoatrial node is identified (B) II
by the region labelled (C) III
(D) IV
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III Item 22 refers to the following
(D) IV photomicrograph which shows a mature sieve
tube element.
20. Which of the fo:towing is correct for BOTH

arteries and veins?
Arteries Veins x
(A) Thin walled Few elastic fibres
Collagen fibres Small lumen
(B)
present
Few elastic Has valves
(C)
fibres
22. TheregionlabelledXis
!:hick walled Collagen fibres
(D)
present (A) the sieve plate
(B) the sieve-pore
(C) aplastid
(D) a companion cell
----- - - - - - - - - - -
-6-
Item 23 refers to the following diagram which 26. Which of the following is the CORRECT
shows the pressure changes to the left side mechanism by which glucose in.the kidney is
of the heart and the aorta during the cardiac returned to the blood system?
cycle.
Site Mechanism
14 ---- -- ....... (A) Collecting duct Passive diffusion
..... 12 ----- --- ---- (B) Proximal tubule Active transport
"'t
::i
10 (C) Loop of Henle Passive diffusion
~
...E s6 (D) Distal tubule Active transport
4 27. Jn the manunalian kidney, which substance is

2 NOT reabsorbed from the proximal tubule by
.... - ...... _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ ... - .. !I., ..... \
active transport?
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Time/ seconds (A) Hormones
(B) Amino acids
23. The section labelled X represents the (C) Glucose
(D) Urea
(A) pressure in the aorta as the heart
empties
(B) pressure in the ventricles as the heart Item 28 refers to the following table which
fills shows the volume of water reabsorbed per
(C) atrial pressure as the heart empties day at different regions of the human kidney
(D) ventricular pressure as the heart fills nephrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomerulus is 180 dm3/day.
24. Which term BEST describes homeostasis?
Region Volume of water
(A) Variable internal and external reabsorbed/dm3
environment
(B) Maintenance of a constant internal Proximal tubules 147.0
environment
Loop of Henle 10.0
(C) Constant internal environment,
providing complete dependence on Distal tubules 192
the external environment Collecting duct 2.2
(D) Constant internal and external
environment resulting from a fall
in temperature
28. What is the volume ofurine produced per day?
25. The effect ofglucagon on mammalian muscle

)
(A) 1.6 dm3
cells is (B) 2.2 dm 3 )
(C) 21.4 dm'
(A) stimulation ofDNA synthesis (D) 178.4 dm 3
(B) an increase in the hydrolysis oflipids
(C) alteration of the receptor site on the
cell membrane
(D) stimulatioa oftbe rapid conversion of
glycogen to glucose
r
-7-
29. In myelinated neurones the action potential is 32. Alcoholism is a disease which has been
generated linked to intrafamily violence, aggressive
behaviour and petty crime. In which of the
(A) in Schwann cells following categories can alcoholism be
(B) all along the axon placed?
( C) in the myelin sheath only
(D) at the nodes ofRanvier only I. Deficiency
II. Self-inflicted
III. Degenerative
Item 30 refers to the diagram below showing IV. Social
the gap between two neurones.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and IV
(D) III and IV
0
dti' ~ 1
0 0 2
rr:
0 0 0
Item 33 refers to the following diagram
'\_
which shows the structure of a human
\ immuno-deficiency virus (IIlV).
3 0. Which structures indicate where acetycholine

is (i) stored and (ii) released?
glycoprotein
Stored Released
(A) l 3
(B) l 4
(C) 2 3
(D) 2 4
31. Chronic bronchitis is a condition suffered by

33. The function of the structure labelled I is to
persons who smoke cigarettes. The MOST
appropriate meaning of the term 'chronic',
in this context, is (A) anchor the glycoproteins
(B) enclose and support the viral DNA
(A) severe and enzymes
(B) sudden onset (C) inhibit viral replication
( C) ·. long term (D) transcribe the viral DNA, so it can
(D) intense be inte~rated into the host DNA
-8-
Item 34 refers to the following diagram. Item 36 refers to the diagram below which
illustrates an antibody molecule.
x
Stem cells
'
y
B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
I
I.
Antibodies
hu'moral
I
II I'
immune III
response cell-mediated 36. The two labels which represent the antigen
immune binding site and the region which gives
response flexibility in binding to antigens are
34. The structure labelled Y represents the (A) 1and4

(B) 1and5
(A) lymph node (C) 2 and 5
(B) thymus gland (D) 3 and4
(C) red bone marrow
(D) hypothalamus
37. Which of the following BEST describes
tolerance, a form of physical drug
35. Mast cells dependence?
(A) are found in lymph nodes only (A) A severe craving for a drug which
(B) are the smallest circulating interferes with a person's ability
granulocytes to function normally
(C) are large granuloctyes which engulf (B) Characterized by the continued desire
pathogens for a drug, even after physical
(D) contain many granules rich in dependence is gone
histamine and heparin (C) Develops in persons who have used
large quantities of substances such
(D)
as alcohol and barbiturates
Occurs when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug and requires
I
l
ever-iqcreasing amounts to
achieve the same effect \
~
i
'
I
;
.,
•i
-9-
Which of the following is NOT a method of 41. A professional athlete and an untrained
38.
transmission of the HIV? individual each engaged in I 0 minutes of
exercise. The athlete's blq9d pressure,
(A) Sexual intercourse pulse and breathing rate remained almost
(B) Sharing intravenous needles unchanged, while the untrained individual
(C) Gene transfer from mother to foetus experienced an increase in all three
(D) Breast feeding or breast milk parameters. Which of the following state-
ments MOST likely accounts for this?
39. Which of the following explains why energy (A) The athlete developed increased
requirements differ in persons? muscle mass.
(B) Cardiac output and lung capacity
I. The amount of activity varies with increased with athletic training.
occupation. (C) The athlete has more stamina due to
II. Metabolic rate reduces with age. a specialized diet.
ID. As a person ages they may be less (D) Endurance levels are higher in the
active. athlete.
(A) lonly
(B) land II only
42. Which of the following describes a possible
outcome of the effect of tobacco smoke on
(C) II and III only
the cardiovascular system?
(D) I, II and III
(A) Haemoglobin combines with carbon
monoxide resulting in leSS-oxygen
40. Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a being transported in the blood.
simple means of assessing obesity. Which (B) Nicotine lowers the blood pressure
of the following formulae is used to calculate and therefore the heart rate.
BMI? Platelets become less cohesive and
(C)
BMI = height (m) increase the likelihood of
(A) thrombosis.
body mass 2 (kg 2 )
(D) The blood supply to the body
BMI = body mass (kg) extremities increases and oxygen
(B)
height 2 (m 2 ) is delivered to cells at a faster rate.
BMI = body mass (kg)

(C) 43. With regular consumption of alcohol, fat
age of individual (yrs)
accumulates in the liver because
BMI = body mass {kg)
(D) (A) alcohol is used in the synthesis of fat
height (m) molecules in the liver
(B) alcohol suppresses the ability of liver
cells to secrete fat molecules
(C) fat absorbs alcohol and detoxifies it
(D) liver cells use alcohol instead of fat
as an energy source
Items 44 - 45 refer to the following diagram which
shows the changes in antibody concentration in the
blood during the primary and secondary responses.
>. ., 100
'g ~
.Q ~
':;:; bJI
secondary response
....; .£ 10
0
~
:i
§·a
·-1"b ?;>.." 1 primary response
= .:=..
Q,)
= ..
" .Q
u.e. o..J.<:'.:._-,-~-,.~~.--"¥-~-,-~---,-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (days)
44. These responses are MOST likely caused by
(A) antigens
(B) antibiotics
( C) antitoxins
(D) antioxidants
45. The secondary response is faster and stronger

because
(A) B cells rapidly transform into plasma cells

(B) B cells rapidly transform into memory cells
(C) memory cells are present and rapidly become
plasma cells ·
(D) memory cells rapidly transform into T cells
lFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOURWORKONTHISTEST.
22207010/CAPE2008
•
MAY/JUNElOOll

--- ·--- ----
.ADYANCEDPROftCIENCYl:XAMINATION
BIOLOGY - UNIT l
PirperOl
,..,,,_
f
("' mu: 2908 (p.m.))
. IUtAD THI: FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAUFULLY.
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8. lbeWofDDJt11Nii•@•eeb'oeak:alakJnilallounxl
9. Thia 11118tC01•Wt1of45 Items. You willhave90lllilmts to 1111SWer diem.
io. Donotbe--S lbatthc llllllYIU9beetproW!easpaceafor11lOle111JSWa11 tti.n lhcreuenamin
this test.
DO llDI' WWW 'l'ml P.AGS UNI& 'IOU .Am TOLD 1'0 DO IO.
CJSJ w o.,,c '1 5 c 7
,:.,• .... , .. ,•' .. ·.• . .-· .
I
g' I
-2-
1. The function of the light dependent reaction 2. The electrons from non-cyclic
in photosynthesis is to Photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin
cycle via which of the following?-
{A) produce sugar
- - - ·-·;_cc..__ _rn}_ __ ~teRuBP (A) ATP
(CJ produce ATP and reduce NADP (BJ NADH,.
(DJ produce electrons to stabilize the (CJ FAD
pbolosystrms . {D) NADP
ll!lmJ refers to !he diagram below which outlines the events of !he Calvin cycle.
GP(PGA) n
I
m
RaBP
IV
3. Which of the stages labelled I- IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon
dioxide is incOIJlOiatcd into the cycle?
(A) I
(B) u
(CJ m
{D) N
4. Which of the following combinations 5. Ommg which of the following pathways

correctly describes the MAIN factors does the synthesis of ATP occur by
affecting the rate ofphotosynthesis? Sllbslrak>-Jevel phosphorylation?
I. Light inltilSity and temperalUIC I. Glycciysis

II. Carbon dioxide concentration and n. Krebs cycle
state of the stomata III. Electron transport chain
III. NAO andATP availability
IV. Phytochromes and the availability of (A) Iouly
ions (B) I and II only
(CJ n and III only
(A) Iandllonly {DJ n m
1, and only
(B)· IandIDonly
{D) I, II, III and IV
t
[
i
-3-
6. Under anaerobic coD<litions, the pyruvic acid !lm!...J refers to the Krebs cycle shown
produced by a respiring muscle cell can be below.
I. oxidized to carbon dioxide and water

------~TI- ..uscd.to.n:gmernte NADH
ill. convc:m:d to lactic acid
IY. decari>oxylat.ed to funn acetyl CoA
----.-<A) mon1y
(B) II and Ill only
(C) I, ID and IV only
(DJ n, m and IV only
7. The final product(s)of glycolysis is/are

8. How many carbon atoms are represented at
(A) acetyl coenzymeA x and y respectively?
(B)• reducedNADH
{C) ATP, NAD and pyruvate (A) 4Cand5C
(D) . pyruvate,ATPandNADH (B) 5Cand4C
(C) 6Cand4C
(D) 6Cand5C
9. Whichofthefullowingdescribesanecosystem?
(A) Producers + consumers + decomposers + non-living component

(B) Producers + dccomposcn + babitau + non-living component
(C) Producers + conswncrs + habitats +non-living component
(D) Consumers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component
10. The table below shows the estimated energy content for the trophic levels of a
grassland
Levels Eaergy couteut/ kJm -l
Producers 5600
Herbivores 125
Omnivores 15
Carnivores 10
Which of the following indicates the percentage decrease in energy between

· producer and herbivore?
(A) 0.0022%
(B) 0.022%
{C) 0.22%
{D) 2.2%
GO ONTOTIIENEXTPAGE
-4-
11. Which sequence correctly represents the 14. The tenn 'biodiversity' is BEST descn'bed as
action of nitrifying bacteria?
(A) the number ofspecies on earth
(A) Ammonium~ nitrite~ nitrate (B) lhc variety ofdifferent life forms on
-----· -~-{B)'····Nitrogen 4 nitrate~ nitrite earth
(C) Nitrate ~
ammonium ~ nitrogen (C) the range of genera on earth
(D) Nitrite 4 nitrate -+ ammonium (D) the range of ecosystems on earth
Item 12 refers to the diagram below. 15. The creation ofseed banks is an economical
method of maintaining plant diversity.
Preparation ofmaterial for storage involves
CarniTore3
j Camlvon 1
I. reductionofthemois11Jrecontentof
lhesccds
CamWore2
't ~
' 1 II.
m.
selection ofthe best seeds
planlinglhcseeds
I ·
HerlliYore 1 IV. freezing the seeds
Hnbnore2
(A) Nonly
(B) IandIIonly
(C) II and ill only
" - Pndllca- (D) I, II and rv only
12, What factor otlaer than sunlight would make 16. The diagram below shows three adjacent
this a self-su.olaining ecosystem? plant cells I, II and m. The values of their
water potentials are given in kPa.
(A) Producers
(B) Primary c:oos111ncrs
(C) Higher order consumers
(D) Dewmpoa:as
13. Which oflhcfullowingeoo1ogjcal tamsrefrn

to only one species?
I n
(A) Pcpdatjm In which direction would there be a NET
(B) CamUJity flow?
(C) Foodcbain
(D) Producer (A) I -+ II and II -+ ill
(B) II~ I andID-+ I
(C) II -+ lli and II -+ I
(D) ID ~ II and I ~ Il
-5-
Ii!:m...11refemto4 stages in the loss of water l 9. Which of the following choices is correct in
from the stem to the atmosphere, down a rcilation to the translocation of organic
waterpotentiai gradient. material?
-I. ----Wal.er 1 - lhrougb the s!omata by (A) Sugars are always translocated
diffusion into the atmosphere. downwards or towards the base
II. Water evaporates from the surface of!he plant.
of the mesophyll cells. {B) 1be source is a site where sugms are
------- - ..... ill. Water travels from cell to cell down produced, while sinks are sites
a water potential gradient in the where SUglliS an: utilized.
lllCiO!iiJil. (C) The sugar which is llaispottcd in all
IV. Water passes from the stem xylem plams is sucrose.
iDlo the mcsophyll ccDs. (D) SUClO!lelravcls intbepbloem against
a OODCeDlration gradient
17. · Whichofthefollowingdescribesthecorrect
sequence by which water is lost by 20. WhichofthefollowingisconcctforBOTH
~? arll:riesandvcins?
(A) I, Il, Ill, IV

{B) . I. n, IY. m Arteries Vdlls
<CJ II, r, IY. m A Thin walled Few elastic fibres
(D) IV, Ill, II, I B Collagen !ibrca Thick walled
praeot
Item 18 refers to the darkly staining c Few elastic Have wives
material labelled X in Figure I Sa which is ti1m:a
often found blocking Sturc~ Yin Figure D
!Sb.
Thick walled Collagen fibres
present
Item 21 refers to the following diagram of
' e-m
the' heart and associated blood vessels.
x
li'lprella
Flprel8b
n·-=-~?---..____,
18. WhatistheidentityofX? 21. The inferior vena cava is represented by
(A) Callose (A) I

{B) Llgnin {B) n
(C) Cellulose <CJ m
(D) Starch (D) IV
-6-
22. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a single heart beat known as the
cardiac cycle?
(A)
Atrial systole4 ventricularsystole 4 atrial diastole 4 ventriculardiastole
(B) Ventricular diastole 4 atrial systole 4 atrial diastole 4 ventricular symnle
-- ... ----------- rq-··· AiiafdiilStOle 4 atrial systole 4 ventricular systole -)> ventricular diastole
(D) Ventricular systole 4 atrial systole 4 atrial diastole 4 ventricular diastole
l!ml 23 refers to the following table showing the distnbution ofblood volume, pressure and velocity in
a human 's vascular system.
1
Volametcm' PremaetauaBc Velodty I cm i
A 100 100 40
B so 30 s
c 2200 10 0.3
D 300 2 18
23. Which set of data corresponds with those for the vena cavae?
Item 24 referstothefollowingdiagnun. 25. Which combination below shows bow

positive feedback affec1s a change in output
and the directional flow ofan impulse?
Os!lillll Djrec!jonal t!ow
(A) Large same direction

(B) Small oppositedilection
(C) Large mdircclian
(D) &mil samedi.nic:tion
26. The outcome of an increase in insulin

production is
24. The cell labc:llcd X in the diagram above is
(A) an increase in cell penneability to
(A) an erythrocyte glucose
(B) a platelet (B) a fall in glucose conversion to
(C) amonocyte gl:)Wgal
(D) a!lelllJ'qlbil (C) an increase in blood glucose sugar
levels
(D) 1111 incn:ase in conversion ofglycogen
to glucose eonvmion
-7-
27. Which of the following structural features 29. Which of the following explains why
prevents molecules, with a molecular mass respiratory poison would affect the
greater than 68 000, passing from the transmission ofnerve impulses? ··
glomerular capillaries into Bowman's
·-·---~?--··--· (A) Na• gates require energy to open.
(B) Energy is required to JCStore the
(A) The basement membrane of the resting potc:ntial.
epithelial cell of Bowman's (C) Energy is required to change the
-,- - - capsule voltage potential from - 70 m V to
(B) The cell surface membrane of the +40mV.
endolhelial cells ofthe capillaries (D) Theyactasinbibitonoftrammilter
(C) The cell surface membrane of the substances.
epithelial cells of the Bowman's
capsule
(D) The spaces between the extensions I11:1D 30 refers to the diagram below showing
of the podocytes of Bowman's the gap between two neurones.
capsule
!tsn 28 refers to the table below which

shows vol!Dlles of water reabsorbed at
different regions of the human kidney
nepbrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomc:ru1us is 180 dm'/day.
Region Volume of water (dm')

reabsorbed/dav 30. Where is acctyl choline stored and sccn:led?
Proximal tubuk$ 147.0
Loop ofHenle 10.0 Stored Secreted into
19.2 (A) l 3
Distal tubules
(B) l 4
Collecting duct 2.2
(C) 2 3
(D) 2 4
28. What is the volume of urine produced per
day?
31. Which ofthe following diseases is ma!J;bed
(A) l.6dm' to its MOST apptOjliiate category'I
(B) 2.2dm3
{C) 2L4dm'
(D) l 78.4dm3
DI-. c
(A) AIDS Hereditary
(B) Stroke Degenerative
(C) Diabetes Infectious
(D) Emphysema Deficiency
- 8-
32. Alcoholism is a disease which has been 34. Which ofthe fullowing oom:ctly identifies the
linked to intrafamily violence, aggressive . structure labelled Y?
behaviour and petty crime. In which of the
following four disease categories can
x
---··-··-~holi~beplilced? Stemcells
I. Deficiency
n. Inherited
Ill. Degenerative
·iv. Social
(A) land II only

(B) land ill only
(C) I, III and IV only
(D) llandlVonly B lympltocyUs T lymphocytes
33. Which oflhe following is NOT a function of

T-bclper cells? I
Antibodies
n
(A) They activate B-lymphocytes to hamoral m
divide and differentiate into plasma immane
response
cells.
(B) They quicldy produce plasma cells
when they encounter antigen for
the second time. (A) Lymph node
(C) They assist T-K.iller cells in the (B) Thymus gland
destruction offoreign cells. (C) Red bone marrow
(D) They activate phagocytic cells to (D) Hypothalamus
engulf fomgncells and body cells
infi=cled with foreign mtigen.
35. The diagram below shows anll'body levels in blood serum after exposure ID a
particular antigen. Which ofdie following immunoglobulins is/are hnpot tant in the
body's first response ID an antigen?
'
''
'
'''
'
:s......i
o'--~=--~~~~.,\;,--~~~~~~~1~00,,......
-~
(A) lgG
(B) IgG andlgM
(C} IgM and IgG
(D) IgM -
..... ................... ..- ........................ _..........
-9-
Item 36 refers to the disgram below which 38. Which of the following combinations
illuslrales an antllxxly molecule._ represent common uses of monoclonal
1
antibodies?
I. Prevenlion oftransplant rejection

II. Early diagnosis ofcholera
III. TJSSUe typing for ttansplants
IV. Pregnancy testing
(A) 1, n and m only

(B) I, ill and IV only
(C) II, ID and IV only
(D) I, II, JJI and IV
36. The two labels which represent the antigen

binding site and the Rgion which gives flex- 39. Which ofthe following is NOT a reason why
jbility in binding to antigens are energy requirements differ in people from
birth to old age?
(A) land 4
(B) land5 (A) The amount of activity varies with
(C) 2.and5 occuprtion.
(D) 3 and4 (B) Metabolic rate reduces with age.
(C) Gender makes no difference to
energy needs.
Item 37 refers to the following information. (D) As a person ages they may be less
active.
Two types of immunity were investigated in
patients suffering from 1etanus.
40. Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a
Person X is iajected with antibodies to the simple means ofassessing obesity. Which
disease. one of the following formulae is used to
calculate BMI?
Person Y is injected with vaccine and pro-
duces antibodies as a result
Blood samples are removed from both people

BMI = height in m
(A)
at regular intervals. The results are body mass in kg 2
shown on the gnipb below.
body mass in kg
(B) BM!
Antibody 25 heightinm2
~ 21
BMI = body mass in kg
Arbitrary 1•1---- (C)
••
lllll1s 15 age of individual in yrs
10 •'
' BMI = body mass in kg
5 (0) height inm
37. The types of immunity being investigated are
(A) passive natural, active natural

( B) passive artificial, active artificial
(C)
.Jl)) .. .-.,,;r;.,;,i ,.,,,_....
active natwal, aassive artificial
- 10 -
41. A professional athlete and an untrained individwil each engaged in l 0 minutes of exercise. The
athlete's blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate remained almost nru:hanged while the un-
trained individual experienced an increase in all three parameters. Which of the following
accounts for this?
- - - - · ·- ·--------- -- (A)-· · The athlete developed increased muscle mass.

(B) Cardiac output and lung capacity increased with athletic training.
(C) The athlete bas more stamina due to a specialized diet.
(DJ Endurance levels are higher in the athlete.
41. Which of the following correcl1y identifies the causative agent and the mode of transmission
of dengue fever?
Causative Apnt Mode of Trammlssion

(A) Virus Vector
(B) Bacterium Vector
(C) Virus Airborne
(D) Bacterium Airborne
43. After regular consumption of alcohol. fat 44. Which of the following statements explain
accumulates in the liver. Which of the why alcohol consumption can result in the
following provides an explanation ofthis? production of largo quantities ofwate:ryurine
(diuresis)?
{A) Alcohol provides a substrate for the
S)'lllhcsis of fat molecules in the I. Alcohol increases the production of
live& ADH.
(B) Ak:obol damages liver cells, so Ibey n. Alcohol inhibitsADH produdion.
canootconvm fat ildo lipoproteins. III. Alcohol reduces the penneability of
(C) Alcohol acts as a buffer for fat, and the collecting ducts.
absorbs the fat and S1mes it.
(D) Alcohol is used by liver cells in (A) I and Ilooly
preference to fat, as an energy (8) I and ill only
soun:e. (C) IIandIIlooly
(0) I, II and ill
- 11 -
Item 4S refers to the table below showing three components of tobaco smoke,
X, Y and Z and their effects.
x y z
Constricts arterioles Combines with Increases secretion
haemoglobin of mucus
Stimulates release of Decreases levels of Thickens lung
adrenaline oxygen in blood tissue
Increases 'stickiness' Damages the lining Promotes lung
of platelets of arteries cancer
45. Which of the following correctly identifies X, Y and Z?
x y z
(A) Tar Nicotine Carbon monoxide
(B) Tar Carbon mcnoxidc Nicotine
(C) Nicotine Carbon monoxide Tar
(D) Nicotine Tar Carbon monoxide
IFYOUFINISHBEFORETJMEISCAIJ.ED,CHECKYOURWORKONTHISTEST.
02207010/CAPE2008
...
®
FORMTP2009149 MAY/JUNE2009

ADVAN CED PROFICIENCYEXAMINATION
BIOLOGY - UNIT 2
Paper 01
90minutes
(12 JUNE 2009 (a.m.))
. READ THE F()LLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
1. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.
2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.
3. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you
are about to answer and decide which choice is best.
4. On your answer sheet, find thenumberwhichcorrespondstoyouritemandshadethespacehaving

Sample Item
Wbichofthe following is NOT a form of

energy storage? ,:.

(B) Llpid .
(C)
(D)
Alcohol
Lactic acid
8®©@
The best answer to this item is "ATP" , so answer space (A) has been shaded.
5. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice.
6. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou
cam;iot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next one. Your score will be the total number of
correct answers.
9. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items
in this test.
=
== DO NOT TURN TfilS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
=
-
~
CopyrightC2009.CaribbcanExami!iations Council.
All riidlts reserved.
.. 2 ..
I. The electrons from non·cydic S. ln ac::1'obic re~;pir;1f inn, H1c 1nax i111111n nurnbcr
photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin of ATP 111olcc11Jcs that may be proclucec\
cycle via from a molecule of gh1cose is
(A) A:fP (A) 2

(B) NADH, (B) 4
j
(C) FAD (C) 34
(D) NADP (D) 38 1
2. During photosynthesis P 680 emits electrons 6. Two substances which enter the mitochondrial
that cristae and arc ox.idiscd are
(A) can be recycled directly to P 680 (A) ADP and phosphate

(B) fall back directly to P 680 (B) NADH2 and FADH
(C) wi\l generate ATP (C) Phosphate and acetyl CoA
(D) will generate rechiced NAD (D) ADP and pyruvatc
3. Which of the following combinations 7. The two MAIN products of oxidative

correctly describes the MAIN factors phosphorylation in the mitochondrion are
affecting the rate of photosynthesis?
(A) ATP and water .
I. Light intensity and temperature (B) oxygen and water
II. Carbon dioxide concentration and (C) NAD and FAD
state of the stomata · (D) hydrogen and oxygen
III. NAD and ATP availability
IV. Phytochromes and the availability of
ions 8. The.oxygen consumed during cellular
respiration is directly involved in
(A) I and II only
(B) I and III only (A) phosphorylation ofADP
(C) I, II and III only (B) conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate
(D) I, II, III and IV (C) oxiclation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
(D) accepting electrons in electron
transport chain reaction
4. In muscle tissue undergoing strenuous
contractions, the formation of!actate is clue
to the
(A) low concentration of glucose

(B) low concentration of oxygen
. (C) high concentration of glycogen
(D) high concentrati0n ofcarbon dioxide
- 3, -
Item 9 refers to the following pyramid of 11. Net primmy production in an ecosystem over
numbers. a given period may be BEST d'efined as the
total amount of
(A) organic matter produced by all

I (B)
organisms in the ecosystem
new organic matter produced only by
green plants
( C) organic matter used in respiration and
metabolism by all organisms in the
ecosystem
(D) new organic matter remaining after
JI respiration and metabolism has been
fuelled
9. Which of the following food chains would

create the pyramid of numbers represented Item 12 refers to the followmg diagram.
above?
(A) Decayed leaf --+ earthworms --+ Syringe containing lg

small birds --+ large birds crushed ~ea and soda Capillary tubing
(B) Tree --+ aphids --+birds --+ fleas lime j
(C)
(D)
Tree--+ ants--+ lizards --+ birds
Tree--+ birds --+ fleas--+ bacteria ~11. .. ,,: .. ,, ... ".... ,.. I
Ruler
10. Which ofthe following statements about the

electron transport chain are correct? 12. An experiment is set up as shown above to
calculate the rate of respiration in red pea.
I. Located in the mitochondria and After 50. seconds, the indicator fluid in the
;,·
chloroplasts. ·· _ . capillary tubing moved 85 mm. The diameter
II. Involved in the production ofATP. of the capillary tubing is 0.4 mm. What is the
III. Located on the membranes. rate ofrespiration in the red pea?
TV. Oxygen is always the final electron
acceptor. (A) 0.2 mm' g· 1s· 1
(B) 0.68 mm' g· 1s· 1
(A) I and IV only (C) 1.7 mm' g· 1s· 1
(B) II and III only (D) 8.6 mm' g· 1s· 1
(D) II, III and IV only
13. Which of the following are the substrate and
product(s) of anaerobic respiration?
Substrate Product
(A) Glucose I Lactic acid+ C02
(B) Glucose. Ethanol + C02
(C) Pyrnvate Ethanol + C02
(D) Pyruvate Lactic acid
r
- ti -
14 V\'l1il'.h of the !hi lo\.ving corn bi nations rnay lJ.~.1.~.1.J..7. rcl:i:rs lo t.l1e diagra1n below which
lie applied to ihc term biodiversity? ,;hows some oflln: eel ls involved in loss of
water fron1. part of a pl:.1111:.
I. Variety of species on earth
LL Can be defined at the genetic level
IJI. May be defined at the ecosystem
level
JV. Relates only to endangered species
(A) I, II and III only

(B) I, II and IV only
(C) I, III and IV only
(D) II, III and JV only
15. Which of the following statements describes

the function of denitrifying bacteria in the
nitrogen cycle?
(A) Split the nitrogen molecule to form 17. Which ofthe following combinations correctly
nitiites identifies the regions labelled P and Q?
(B) Convert nitrates to atmospheric
nitrogen Region P , Region Q
(C) Conve1t ammonium compmmds to
(A) Phloem Palisade
nitrates
(D) Split nitrogen molecules to fonu (B) Phloem S te1n cortex
ammomtun (C) Xylem Mesophyll cells
(D) Xylem Root cortex
16. In an experiment, the water potential of the

water in a soil, is found to be' 40 kPa, while
that of pure water is 0 kPa. This difference 18. ·In a study of water movement in plants, the
is due to the cut end of a leafy shoot is placed in a dilute
solution of a dye. After a few hours, deposits
(A) presence of mineral ions in the soil of the dye accumulate in the leaves.
water
(B) greater kinetic energy of the soil The rate of movement of the dye up the stem
water molecules is NOT increased by
(C) small size of the m.ineral ions in the
soil water (A) htnnidity
(D) water potential of. soil water being (B) wind speed
(C) temperatw:e
(D) availability ofwater
_
_..... _, ........... ..._.. __ .
-5-
19. Which of the following statements is true according to the mass (pressm-e) flow hypothesis?
(A) Sucrose moves in the phloem against a concentration gradient.

(B) The loading of sugars into the phloem in the leaf is achieved by osmosis.
(C) A source is a site where sugars are produced, while a sink is a site where sugars are utilized.
(D) Water is actively transported from the intercellular spaces into the cell sap at the root end of the
system.
20. Which of the following combinations correctly describes systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
Systo lie Blood Diastolic Blood

Pressure Pressur.e
(A) Produced by contraction of Pressure in the arteries after
the atria the atria contract
(~) Pressure in the arteries Produced by contraction of
after the atria contract the atria
(C) Produced by contraction of Pres sure in the arteries after
the ventricles the ventricles relax
(D) Pressure in the arteries Produced by contraction of
after the ventricles relax the ventricles
21. In the human heart, what is the point of Item 22 refers to the following diagram which
initiation ofthe mammalian heartbeat? shows the heart and associated blood vessels.
(A) Purkyne fibres _f

x
(B)
(C)
(D)
Sinoatrialnode
Node ofRanvier
' ·
Atrioventricular node
J;v(
22. The region labelledX is the
(A) aorta
(B) pulmonary artery
(C) inferior vena cava
(D) superiorvenacava
._ .............. _ ... - .......... ..._ ............... ' -T"'

- 6-
lh~_tl:!.._23 relC1·~; Lt> 1l1e lii\lo\vi11g di<1grarn 1,.vJ_1i.cl1 [t~.~_ru_l1S
rcJl:n-; to the lahlc hclov.; \.Yhicli gives
shows the prcssurn changes to the lcfl side the pills~~ rate o.fht11TH:1n:-:: al. different stages
of the heart and the aorta during the cardiac of their growth and clevclop1:i1cnt to adulthood.
cycle.
.------ ----~---·-----··-·
' x Pulse rate

l4
'' ___ f__ (beats/min)
' - -·
12 - '' --- I. 110-140
~ 10
~ II. 80- 90
...... 8- ~- ---
"~ Ill. 50- 85
~
"...
r><
6·
IV.
-- ----·- -··-··-··- .
50 - 70
4
2
-
... - ... ...... .., _______ ... _____ ,.. ... -,, ...... \,
25 . Which group BEST represents infantq?
.-
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 (A) I
Timcl seconds (B) lI
The section labelled X represents the
(C) III
23.
(D) IV
(A) pressure in tl1e ventricles as the heait
filfa
(B) pressure in the a01ia as the heart 26. Which of the following statements about
empties glucagon is INCORRECT?
(C) atrial pressure as the heart empties
(D) ventricular pressme as the heait fills (A) Acts in opposition to insulin
(B) Acts prin1a1ily on liver cells
(C) Raises blood glucose levels
24. Which of the following is true concerning the (D) Is synthesized by islet Beta cells
effect of insulin on target;cells?
(A) Decreased glucose metabolism 27. A healthy person has recently d.ruuk a large
(B) Increased gluconeogenesis quantity of (pure) water. Which statement
(C) Increased blood glucose BEST describes the result of this action?
concentration
(D) Increased glucose permeability of (A) The production ofADH increases.
cell membranes (B) The water potential of the urine
becomes less negative.
(C) The solute concentration of the mine
becomes more negative.
(D) The permeability of the collecting
ducts increases.
-7-
28. 'vVhich of the following cells and structures possesses myelin sheaths?
{jJ
~
I III IV
\
II
(A) I
(B) II
(C) ill
(D) N
29. The speed of transmission of a nerve impulse 31. In which of the following ways can an
is affected by the individual become infected with HIV from an
infected person?
(A) strength of the impulse
(B) concentration of acetyl choline I. Exchange of saliva during kissing
(C) presence of the myelin sheath II. B load transfusion
(D) amount of Na+ that enters the UL Breastfeeding
neurone rv. Sharing hypodermic needles
(A) II andill only

Item 30 refers to the diagrafu below showing (B) I, ll and IV only
the gap between two neurones .. (C) II, ill and rv only
(D) I, II, Ill and IV
32. Which of the following is true for mast cells?
(A) They are fonnd in lymph nodes only.
(B) They are the smallest circulating

granulocytes.
(C) They are large granuloctyes which
30. The prot~m receptors for the neurotransmitter engnlf pathogens.
are located at (D) They contain many granules rich in
histamine and heparin.
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
•. - .... ""!,_
,...,...._... ....
~ ---.- . --.--.
;- ~ -
.\'\. V\lhich ui' the fnl.Jo\:ving iN ii [ealllfC nf D .\(, . The 11101Jo11H;rs l\1al 1nakt: tl\J the heavy and
ly111phocylcs? light clu1i11s or an ;u1t:ibody n1o]cculearejoincd
by
(A) They bind only lo whole antigen
molecules via receptors on their cell (A) disulphide bonds
surfaces. (B) hydrogen bonds
(B) They must pass through the thymus (C) glycosiclic bonds
gland before they can become fully (D) peptide bonds
functional.
(C) They re\ea.se cytokines when
activated. ltem_l_? refers to tbe diagrams below which
(D) They suppress the activity of show the stages of phagocytosis of a
phagocytes. bacterimn by a neu1rnpbil.
Item 34 refers to tbe graph below which

shows tbe changes in antibody coneenh·ation
in serum during the primary and secondary
response to an antigen.
(.€)
GD
0.
-
2nd injection of 1 2
antigen
z·- 0
1st injection
3 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 37. Which of the following shows tl1e correct

Weeks
.,-{• sequence of the phagocytosis process?
3 4. What type ofcell is resporisible for ilritiating
the increase in antibody production after the (A) 1 3 2 4
second injection of antigen? (B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 4 2 I 3
(A) B-cel!s (D) 4 2 3 I
(B) T-ceUs
( C) Macrophages
(D) Memory cell
35. Which ofthe following combinations correctly

describes the pathogens responsible for
d~ngue fever and AIDS?
Dengue AIDS
Fever
(A) Bacterium Retrovirus
(B) Single slranded Double stranded
-------·--- DNA
RNA
,
(C)
cD) Parasitic disease
I
r
- 51 -
38. Which of the following is conect regarding 41. A key feature of monoclonal antibodies is that
the use ofmonoclonal antibodies in pregnancy they are manufactured by·
testing?
(A) most cells
(A) If a test is negative, mouse (B) cancer cells
monoclonal anti-H CG antibodies do (C) one type ofT cell
not bind to polyclonal anti-mouse (D) one type ofB cell
antibodies in the control region.
(B) If the test is positive, mouse
monoclonal anti-HCG antibodies 42. Which of the following combinations cmrectly
bind to HCG only at the control identifies the causative agent arid the mode
region. of transmission of dengue fever?
(C) Mouse tnonoclonal anti-HCG
antibodies can detect low levels Causative Mode of
HCG. Agent Transmission
(D) M<iiuse monoclonal anti-HCG (A) Virus Vector
antibodies cannot detect low levels
HCG. (B) Bacterium Vector
(C) Virus Airborne
(D) Bacterium Airborne
39. A baby receives antibodies from its mother
via the placenta. This is called
(A) artificial passive immunity 43. With regular consumption of alcohol, fat
(B) natural passive immunity accumulates in the liver because
(C) artificial active immunity
(D) natural active immunity (A) fat absorbs alcohol and detoxifies it
(B) liver cells use alcohol instead of fat
as an energy source
40. Which ofthe following is tn,ie for Body Mass (C) alcohol is used in the synthesis of fat
Index(BMI)? ' molecules in the.liver
(D) alcohol suppresses the ability of liver
(A) It cannot be use~ to measure obesity cells to secrete fat molecules
in children.
(B) It is a perfect method for measuring
a person's weight
( C) It is calculated using both height and
weight measurements.
(D) It measures the distribution of excess
fat in the body.
,
. I0 .
44. \;Vhicb of 1-hc J:{>llcn.ving i~ a 11111f;11_~1~n ;111cl cnn 45. Whid1 DI:. the following BEST desciili""
cause lung cancer? tolcranc..:e, a forn1 of physical dr11.,,,
clcpe11dG11ec?
(A) Tar
(B) Alcohol (A) A severe craving for a drug vvhlch
(C) Nicotine interferes with a person's ability to
(D) Carbon monoxide function normally
(B) Characte1ized by the continued desire
for a drug, even after physical
dependence is gone
(C) Develops in persons who have used
large quantities of substances such
as alcohol and barbitmatcs
(D) Occurs when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug and requires
ever-increasing amounts to
achieve the same effect
IFYOUF)NISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOURWORKONTIDSTEST.
; ..
0220701 OICAPE2009
•
ADV AN CED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
fl#•
BIOLOGY - UNIT 2
Pape.- OI
90minutes
·(u JUNE 2010 (a.m.))

READ TUE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
I. This test consists of 45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.

·• t • •
3. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items
in thi~ test. '
4. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you
5. On your answer she.et, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
Sample Item

energy storage?
(A) ·ATP, Sample Answer

(B) Lipid
(C)
(D)
Alcohol
Lacti.c acid
9®©®
6. If you want t9 change your an,swer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou
cannot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next:one. Your score will be the total number of
correct answers.
8. You maydoanyrough work in this booklet.
-= 9. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
-
;;;
- DO NOT TURN THJS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Copyright© 2009 Caribbean Examinations Cow1cil.

022070 l O/CAPE20 l 0
• l\FFIXSEALHERE t
-2-
ltrulJ refers to the following diagram which 4. TI1e role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to
represents a chloroplast. -
(A) oxidize pyruvic acid
(B) break down glucose into pyrnvic acid
(C) synthesize thirty-eight molecules of
ATP
(D) accept hydrogen ions in the electron
b·ansport chain
!-
5. High oxygen concentration can limit

photosynthesis by preventing the formation
of glycerate phosphate. This is due to
{A) the oxidation ofreduced NADP by

·. ox;igen : · ;
1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase can be (B) Ol'}'gel) com~inipg mfll.RuBP il;ujtead
found in Region of carbon dioxid~ . - l
(C) oxygen com.\:nl)m~ -'Y.1th R.ub)sco .
(A) instead of carbon d10x1de I_
(B) II (D) triose phosph<ite wpich c<il}not

(C) III regenerate RuBP in high ox:l(gen
(D) IV concentration
2. The electrons from non-cyclic 6. The spongy mesophyll is the chief si(e of
photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin gaseous exchange in a dicotyledonous~eaf.
cycle via This is possible because the cells are :
(A) ATP (A) irregular in shape and tightly pa~ked

(B) FAD (B) elongated in shape and vertii;ally
(C) NADP . packed . ;
(D) NADH.2 (C) found near t11e upper surface of the '.
leaf
(D) found near the lower surface of the
3. The Calvin cycle is temperature dependent leaf
because
(A) increased temperature increases the 7. The final product(s) of glycolysis is/are
diffusion of carboll'dioxide
(B) increased temperature increases the (A) · reduced NADH
rate o( collision of molecules (B) acetyl coenzymeA
(C) enz}'II1es involved in the reaction are _ (C) ATP, NAD and pyruvate
affected by cha'nges ill temperature (D) pyrµvate,ATPandNADH
(D) the red~1ction of glycerate phosphate
to trlose phosphate requires high
temperature
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAPE

0220701O/CAPE2010 i
-3-
Item 8 refers to the Calvin cycle shown 9. Which of the following equations shows the
below where ATP produced in fate of pyruvic acid during anaerobic
photophosphorylation is utilised. respiration?
(A) Pymvic acid-> lactic acid+ CO,+

GP
co,~v f!I• 2ATPnet
I (B) Pyruvic acid -7 lactic acid+ C02 +
4ATPnet
(C) Pymvic acid -7 alcohol + C02 +
2ATPnet
(D) Pymvic acid -7 alcohol + C02 +
Ru BP GALPTP
4ATPnet
~ Intermediary
) 10. Which sequence correctly represents the
action of nitrifying bacteria?
Propucts
(A) Nitrogen -7 nitrate -7 nitrite
(B) Nitrite -7 nitrate -7 ammonium
(C) Ammonium-7 nitrite-7 nitrate
8. Which of the following combinations · (D) Nitrate-7annnonium-7nitrogen
correctly identifi~s the stages where ATP
enters tl1e cycle? ·
(A) I and II o*ly

(B) land III qnly
(C) II and III only
(D) III and IV only
Item 11 refers to the diagram below that shows a simple food web.
Herbivorous~_,.,.waterflea
~ protoctist · ~ Carnivorous
Green ~ · water beetle
protoctist ~ Mayfly
larvae
11. Which of the following

t
organisms is INCORRECTLY identified with
,,
its trophiC: level?
.
(A) Green protoctist - primary producer

(B) Herbiyorqus protoctist-primary producer
(C) G_arniyorous water beetle - secondary consumer
(D) Carnivorous water beetle -tertiary consumer
GOONTOTHENEXTPAOE
02207010/CAPE2010
-4-
Item 12 refers to the following apparatus Item 15 refers to an ocean food pyramid.
set up to determine the rate ofrespitation The number in brackets represe11ts the
of genninating seeds. weight of the organism.
Glass tubing of
2 nun internal dia1neter 'frophic
tuna
Shallf,;, Level 5
(0.5)
Metal tray
gauze 4 mackerel (5)
of 'vater
=1fzA===f,,,,_-t-Water in 3 herring (50)

Soda
tube
lime 2 zooplankton (500)
Ger~1inating seed Position of l
phytoplankton (2500) !-
meniscus
The results ofth,e experime.nt are presented
j
in the.table below. 15. The percentage of energy available, for
transfer to a persori eating 0.5 kilograrris of l
Time
Volume of Oxygen
• Absorbed (cm')
tuna is approximately ! i
(mins) (based on distance 1
(A) I%
5
10
moved by meniscus)
1.6
2.1
(B)
(C)
5%
10 %
l
l
I
(D) 20%
15 3.4
..
20 4.2
12. Which of the fol.lowing quantities represents Item 16 refers to the diagram below which
the average rate of oxygen uptake by the shows three adjacent plant cells, I, II and
seeds during the time of the experiment? IIL The values of their water potentials are
given in kPa.
(A) 0.21 cm' miff 1
(B) 1.26 cm 3 miff 1
(C) 4.2 cm' miff 1
(D) 6. 74 c:q:i3 hr- 1
13. Which ofthe fol.lowing pathways contributes

the MOST electrons to the electron transport
chain?
I II III
(A) Glycolysis
16. In which direction would there be a NET
(B) Calvin cycle
flow?
(C) Kryl(s i;:ycle
(D) Pymvate oxidation
(A) I -> II and II ~ III
(B) II -> I and III ~> I
14. The term 'biodiversity' is BEST described as (C) II ~ III and II ~ I
the (D) III ~ II and II -> I
(A) range of genera on earth

(B) number of species on earth
(C) range of ecosystems on earth
(D) variety of different life forms on earth

02207010/CAPE2010
-5-
J 7. Which of the following is NOT a part of the 20 .. Which of the following is conect for BOTH
symplastic pathway in plants? arteries and veins?
(A) Cytoplasm ofroot hairs Arteries Veins

(B) Lwnen of xylem cells
(C) Plasmodesmata of companion ce\l!I>
(D) Cell surface membrane of cortical (A) Thin walled Few elastic fibres
cells
(B) Collagen fibres Thick walled
present
18. Which of the following causes the stomata to
open?
(C) Few elastic Valves present
(A) an increase in carbon dioxide in the fibres
air spaces in the leaves
(B) a. decrease in the turgor pressure
in guard cells (D) Thick walled Collagen fibres
(C) accumulation of water in guard pre~~nt
cdls by active transport
(D) an influi< of K+ into guard cells
followed by water by osmosis 21. The function of the companion cell in
mature phloem tissue is to
i
Item 19 refers to the following diagram (A) provide structural support for the
which shows a longitudinal section of a sieve tubes
mammalian heart. (B) actively move sucrose out of
neighbowing photosynthesizing
cells to the sieve tubes
(C) · move sucrose against a
concentration gradient into the
xylem
1--.,fL (D) provide a nucleus needed for cell
ll--J4=-// IV division of the sieve tube
elements
22. Pulse is a direct measure of
(A) heart rate

(B) breathing rate
(C) stroke volume
19. The position of the sinoatrial node 1s (D) blood pressure
identified ~y the region labelled
(A)
(B) II
(C) Ill
(D) IV
-6-
Item 23 refers to the following diagram which 25. Which statement about g_lucagon is
shows the pressure changes to the left side INCORRECT? Glucagon causes
of the heart and the ao11a during the cardiac
cycle. (A) glycogen to break down to glucose
in the liver
ll!'· (B) glycogen to break down to glucose
14 - - - ---- in the muscles
12 --- ---- (C) amino acids and glycerol to be
converted to glucose
~
10 (D) increased release of glucose into the
"
~ blood when it is needed
~
8
..."'
"...
~
~ 6
~
"' 26. One activity that is NOT an example of a
4
negative feedback is the regulation of
2
, _____ .... -',,'', (A) pulse rate
0 0.2 . 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 (B) blood sugar
Time (seconds) (C) blood pressure
(D) body temperature
23. The section labelled X represents the
(A) atrial pressure as the heart empties Item 27 refers to the drawings below which
(B) ventricular pressure as the heart fills show sections through a nephron.
(C) pressure in the ventricles as the heart
empties
(D) pressure in the aorta as the heart
empties
·d
-- I
Item 24 refers to the following diagram.
@ IV
II
Ill
27. Which figure BEST represents a section

through the proximal convoluted tubule?
(A) I
24. The cell labelled X in the diagram above is (B) II
(C) III
(A) a platelet (D) IV
(B) a monocyte
(C) a neutrophil
(D) an erythrocyte
-7-
Item 28 refers to the table below which Item 30 refers to the diagram belgw showing
shows volu1ne of water reabsorbed in the the gap between two neurones.
nephrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomerulus is 180 litres per
day. iii>·
Volume of water
Region (litres) reabsorbed
@) ~
l
per day 0
0 0 2
0 D 0
Proximal tubules 147.0 1.
Loop of Henle
Distal tubules
io.o
19.2
c
Collecting ducts 2.2 30. Where is acetyl choline stored and secreted?
Stored Secreted into

28. What is the volume of urine produced per day, (A) 1 3
in litres?
(B) 1 4
(A) 1.6
(C) 2 3
(B) 2.2
(C) 21.4 (D) 2 4
(D) 178.4
29. Glomerular filtrate contains substances with 31. Which disease is appropriately matched with
a relative molecu]ar mass less than 68, 000. its category?
Larger molecules, such as red blood cells and
proteins, are prev~nted from passing into the Disease Category
nephron because of the
(A). AIDS Hereditary
(A) podocytes (B) Stroke Degenerative
(B) glomerularpressure
(C) capillary endothelium (C) Diabetes Infectious
(D) basement membrane
(D) Emphysema Deficiency
32. Which oftbe following can be found inside

the central core of the human
iilll11w1odeficiency v}rns (HN)?
(A) DNA only

(B) DNAandRNA
(C) DNA and reverse transcriptase
(D) RNA and reverse transcripta11e
-8-
33. The condition that is NOT caused by 36. 111 some situations the body's immune re-
n1alnut:rition is sponse is very specific ancl targeted; in other
situations it is not. Which of the following is/
(A) obesity
are NOT part of the body's nonspecific
(8) 1narasn1us response system?
(C) emphysema
(D) kwashiorkor !!!>·
(A) Ncutrophils
(B) Macrophages
(C) Inflammation
Item 34 refers to the following diagram.
(b) Antibodies
x
-Stem cells Item 37 refers to the following infom1ation.
Two types ofimmunity are investigated in pa-

tients suffering from tetanus.
Person X is injected with antibodies to the

disease. ;'
Person Y is injected with a vaccine and

B lymphocytes T lymphocytes produces antibodies as a result.
Blood samples are removed from both people

at regular intervals. The results are
I
shown on the graph below.
Antibodies
II
humoral
Ill
immune 25
cell-mediated Antibody
response~
immune concen~ation
20
response (arbitrary x
units) 15 ,"Y . . -·
I
34. The structure labelled Y is 10 I
5 ,
(A) a lymph node
(B) the thymus gland
5 10 15 20 25
(C) the hypothalamus Time of injection Time (days)
(D) red bone marrow
37. The types ofimmunity being investigated are

35. In an effort to save the life of a friend, a man
donated one of his kidneys. However, smne
(A) passive natural and active natural
(B) passive artificial and active artificial·
lime after·.the implantation, the kidney was
(C) active natural and passive artificial
rejected. This type of immune response is
(D) active artificial and active natural
(A) nalmal and active
(8) natural and passive
(C) artificial and active
(D) artificial and passive
,.,,.., , . . , . , ..... i"'Oo ·~"- .. · - - · - -

-9-
38. Which of the following is NOT a method of 41. A runner prepares for six months to run a
transmission oftl1e HIV? marathon, by exercising for threehoms daily.
This MOST likely results in an increase in
(A) Sexual intercourse
(B) Sharing intravenous needles I. cardiac output
(C) Breastfeeding or breast milk .i;.
II. tidal volume
(D) Gene transfer from mother to foetl1s III. muscle size
JV. blood pressure
39. The monomers that make up the heavy and (A) I and II only
light chains of an antibody molecule are joined (B) I, II and lJl only
by (C) I, III and IV only
(D) II, III and IV only
(A) peptide bonds
(B) hydrogen bonds
(C) glycosidic bonds 42. Dengue fever is caused by a
(D) aisulphide bonds
(A) virus transmitted by the Aedes
mosquito
40. Body Mass Indei:c. (BM!) is now used as a (B) vims transmitted by the Anopheles
simple means of a!>sessing obesity. Which of mosquito
the following formulae is used to calculate (C) plasmodiwn transmitted by theAedes
BMI? mosquito
(D) plasmodium transmitted by the
Anopheles mosquito
Height (m)
(A)
Body mass 2 (kg 2 )
43. Which of the following is a mutagen and
Body mass (kg)
(B) causes cancer?
Height (m)
(A) Tar
Body N(ass (kg)
(C) (B) Alcohol
2
Height' (111 ) (C) Nicotine
(D) Carbon monoxide
Bodyi mass (kg)
(D)
Age of ihdividual (yrs)
- 10 -
·Item 44 refers to the following diagram which shows the changes in

antibody concentration in the blood during primary and seconday
responses.
Primary response
10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (days)
44. These responses are MOST likely caused by
(A) antigens
(B) antibiotics
(C) antitoxins
(D) antioxidants
45. One effect of alcohol consumption is that it
(A) inhibits the release of ADH

(B) increases the release of ADH
( C) increases sexual perfonnance
(D) increases muscular coordination
IFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOURWORKONTHISTEST.
02207010/CAPE2010
CAPE 2011 Biology U2 P1
-2-
Item I refers to the following diagram 2. The electrons from non-cyclic photophos-
which represents a chloroplast. phorylation pass into the Calvin Cycle via
{A) ATP
(B) FAD
(C) NADP
(D) NADH2
1. RibuJose biphosphate carboxylase can be

found in Region
{A) I
{B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
Item 3 refers to the reaction scheme below which shows the dark reaction pathway of the Calvin
Cycle occurring for about 20 seconds.
Carbon dioxide
14C02
\.__ -
. ~X~J-7 l.__~-71 Gloo•~ 1~ IL--Star~ch
r
Ribulose
bisphosphate
3. Which of the following correctly identifies the compounds, X and Y?
x y
(A) Phosphoglyceric acid Triose phosphate
(B) Triose phosphate Phosphoglyceric acid
(C) Simple sugars Proteins
(D) Acetyl CoA Succinic acid
-3-
4. The yield of greenhouse crops is higher 5. Which of the following substances are
than that of field crops, due to increased present in the matrix of a mitochondrion?
photosynthetic activity by the plants. Which
j: of the following factors may contribute to I. Glucose
·' this? II. Adenosine diphcisphate
IiI III. Adenosine triphosphate
I. Constant application of farmyard IV. Acetyl co-enzyme A
manure
II. Rotation of plants (A) I and II only
III. Humid air and moist soil conditions (B) II and III only
IV. Higher than average carbon dioxide (C) II, Ill and IV only
levels (D) I, JI, III and IV
{A) I and II only 6. During aerobic respiration in mammals,

(B) I.and III only pyrnvic acid is
{C) II and IV only
(D) III and IV only (A) used in the Kreb's Cycle
(B) converted to lactic acid
(C) used to synthesise glycogen
(D) one of the products of the Kreb 's
Cycle
Items 7 - ·8 refer to the apparatus below which is set up to determine the rate of respiration of
germinating seeds.
Glass tubing of
2 mm internal diameter
Metal
gauze
Shallow tray
of water
Soda lime
Water in tube
i
I· Germinating seeds Position of meniscus
7. Which of the following statements explain 8. Another set of apparatus is set up in exactly
why the apparatus is left in the water for the same way but glass beads are used
five minutes before readings are taken? instead of germinating peas. The purpose
of the apparatus with the beads is to
I. To allow water to fill the capillary
tube. (A) serve as a control
IL To stabilise the pressure of the ap- (B) measure oxygen taken up
paratus. (C) measure carbon dioxide produced
Ill. To stabilise the temperature of the (D) show that germinating seeds absorb
apparatus. carbon dioxide
IV. The seeds needed to adjust to ex-
perimental temperature.
(A) I and II only

'-
(B) II and III only
I.'
['
~
I (C)
(D)
II, Ill and IV only
I, II, Ill and IV
00 ON TO THF. NF.XT PAOF.
-4-
Item 9 refers to the diagram below which . Item 11 refers to an ocean food pyramid.
shows how energy flows in an ecosystem. The number in brackets represents the
weight of the organism.
ISunligh1 Trophic
Level
tuna
.j,
Grass --? Grasshopper --? Lizard --? Hawk 4
9. At which of the following stages is the 3 herring (50)

MOST energy lost? 2 zooplankton (500)
(A) Lizard --? hawk phytoplankton (2500)

(B) Sunlight --? grass
(C) Grass --? grasshopper
(D) Grasshopper --? lizard 11. The percentage of energy available for
transfer to a person eating 0.5 kilograms
of tuna is approximately
10. In the 1950's, G. F. Gause observed that
two species of flour beetle, Tribolium con- (A) 1%
fasum and Tribolium castaneum, survived (B) 5%
well on their own. However, when they (C) 10 %
were put together, only one of the species (D) 20 %
survived. This resulted in the hypothesis
called Gause's Competitive Exclusion
Principle which states that no two species 12. Which sequence correctly represents the
can co-exist if they occupy the same action of nitrifying bacteria?
(A) niche (A) Ammonium --? nitrite --? nitrate

(B) habitat (B) Nitrite --? nitrate --? ammonium
(C) ecosystem (C) Nitrogen --? nitrate --? nitrite
(D) environment (D) Nitrate --? ammonium --? nitrogen
13. The number and range of different species

found in an ecosystem are called its
(A) biotic factors

(B) abiotic factors
(C) species diversity
(D) community
Jl'
l
Il
'
. 5.
14. Which of the following are NOT conserva- Item 16 refers to the diagram below which
tion methods used to maintain biodiversity? 'shows a transverse section of a typical
dicotyledonous root.
I. Gene bank
II. Botanic garden
IJ I. Protected reserve
IV. Endangered species
(A) I and H only \.\.\-----II

(B) I, II and 111 only
(C) I, II and IV only ~fffe_:::::;lfr=::=:::;;--- III
(D) I, II, 111 and IV
IV
Item 15 refers to the diagram below that

shows a simple food web.
Herbivorous-waterflea 16. The Casparian strip is found in the layer

/ protoctist " " Carnivorous labelled
Green / ·
. ~water beetle
protoct1st ~ Mayfly -------- (A) I
larvae (B) II
(C) Ill
15. Which of the following organisms is (D) IV
INCORRECTLY identified with its trophic
level?
Item 17 refers to the diagram below which
(A) Green protoctist ·primary producer shows three. adjacent plant cells, I, II and
(B) Herbivorous protoctist - primary 111. The values of their water potentials are
producer given in kPa.
(C) Carnivorous water beetle •
secondary consumer
(D) Carnivorous water beetle· tertiary
consumer
I II III
17. In which direction would there be a NET

flow?
(A) I ---+ II and II ---+ Ill

(B) II ---+ I and Ill ---+ I
(C) II ---+ 111 and II ---+ I
(D) Ill ---+ II and II ---+ I

-6-
18. The function of the companion cell in ma- 20. · The tunica externa found in the walls
ture phloem tissue is to of certain blood vessels )s made up of
MAINLY
(A) provide structural support for the
sieve tubes (A) elastic fibres
(B) provide a nucleus needed for (B) collagen fibres
cell division of the sieve tube (C) smooth muscle
i:lements (D) squamous epithelium
· (C) move sucrose against a concentra-
tion gradient into the xylem 21. The first sound in the cardiac cycle is
(D) actively move sucrose out ofneigh- caused by the
bouring photosynthesizing cells
t.o the sieve tubes (A) closing of the semi-lunar valves
(B) opening of the semi-lunar valves
(C) closing of the atrio-ventricular
Item 19 refers to the following three- valves
dimensional diagram of part of a plant stem. (D) opening of the atrio-ventricular
valves

the heart and associated blood vessels.
e-m
----IV
22. The inferior vena cava is represented by .
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
19. Which labelled part is living but lacks a 23. Which of the following structures must be
nucleus? stimulated to increase heart rate?
(A) I (A) Vena cava

(B) II (B) Cardiac muscle
(C) Ill (C) Sino-atrial node
(D) IV (D) Atrio-ventricular node
-7-
Item 24 refers to the graph below which 26. Bananas produced in the Caribbean are
shows the sigmoid (S-shaped) dissociation <:xported to markets all over the world.
curve for haemoglobin of a human adult. The bananas are harvested mature but still
green, yet must arrive at the markets ready
100
80
,,," -- - to eat. Which of the following procedures
ensures that the fruit is still marketable after
shipping?
/
/ (A) Ethylene application and chilling
60
Haemoglobin during shipping
saturation (%) (B) Storage of the fruit in chillers with
I
40 minimum lighting
J (C) Use of carbon dioxide during ship-
/ ping and ethylene application
20
/ later
/ (D) Storage of the fruit in chillers
0
0 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 IO 11 12 followed by increased tempera-
Partial pressure of oxygen (kPa) ture when approaching port
24. During cycling, the partial pressure of oxy-

gen found in .the pulmonary vein leaving Item 27 refers to the following diagram of
the lungs and in a vein leaving a muscle is the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of
MOST likely a nephron.
x
p02 (kPa) in p02 (kPa) in
pulmonary vein pulmonary vein
leaving lungs leaving muscle
(A) 0 12
(B) 2 12
(C) 6 6
(D) 12 2
27. If the diameter of the blood vessel is made

25. A diabetic administers an injection of insu-
smaller at X, a possible outcome is that
lin into the body. How does this lead to a
lowering of blood glucose concentration?
(A) the rate of ultrafiltration will be
increased
(A) By decreasing the permeability of
cells to glucose
(B) the rate of ultrafiltration will be
(B) decreased
By increasing the excretion of
(C) water re-absorption will be
glucose in the urine
decreased
(C) By promoting the formation of
(D) the rate of urine production will be
the hormone glucagon in the
pancreas reduced
(D) By promoting the synthesis of
polysaccharides from absorbed
glucose
-.,.·,
-;_
t
f
i

-
-8-
Item 28 refers to the table below which Item 30 refers to the following diagram of
shows volume of water reabsorbed in the a neurone.
nephrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomerulus is 180 litres
per day.
l
Volume of water
Region (litres) reabsorbed
per day
Proximal tubules 147.0 ....

....
...... .
101 I
Loop of Henle 10.0

Distal tubules 19.2
Collecting ducts 2.2 lll-----1
28. What is the volume of urine produced per

day, in litres?
(A) 1.6
(B) 2.2 30. Which region assists in speeding up the
(C) 21.4 conduction of nerve impulses?
(D) 178.4
(A) I
(B) II
Item 29 refers to the diagram below (C) III
showing the gap between two neurones. (D) IV
31. AIDS is caused by a
(A) retrovirus
(B) rhinovirus
@? 1 (C) bacterium
0
~ (D) protozoan
0 0 2
0 0 0
l
c 32. A disease that develops slowly and persists
for a long time is BEST described as
29. Where is acetyl choline stored and secreted?
(A) acute
(B) chronic.
Stored Secreted into (C) degenerative
(A) 3 (D) self-inflicted
', (B) l 4
(C) 2 3
(D) 2 4
"·
-9-
33. The organism that causes AIDS infects and Item 36 refers to the following diagram.
destroys cells of the body's immune system
so that their number gradually decreases.
These cells are known as Stem cells
(A) B lymphocytes
(B) plasma cells
(C) T helper lymphocytes
CD) T memory lymphocytes
34. Which ofthe following statements is NOTan

B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
explanation of the way in which antibodies
work to protect the body from pathogens?
(A) They cause agglutination of

Antibodies I
bacteria. II
(B) They combine with viruses humoral
III
preventing them from damaging immune
response cell-mediated
· cells. immune
(C) They coat bacteria preventing response
phagocytes from ingesting them.
(D) They attach to flagella of the 36. The structure labelled Y is
bacteria making them easier for
phagocytes to digest. (A) a lymph node
(B) the thymus gland
(C) the hypothalamus
Item 35 refers to the following diagram. (D) red bone marrow
37. Which of the following is true for mast cells?
(A) They are found in lymph nodes

only.
granulocytes.
(C) They are large granuloctyes which
engulf pathogens.
(D) They contain many granules rich
in histamine and heparin.
35. Which"ofthe following correctly identifies

the structure labelled X in the diagram?
(A) Hinge region

(B) Variable region
(C) Disulphide bridge
(D) Light polypeptide chain

- I0 -
Item 38 refers to the following diagram of the structur~ of the human immunodeficiency virus.
r->-~-------~Surface
glycoprotein
".>"'----'><::>.cl------ Capsid (protein

capsomeres)
-7'°'""'----------Lipid bilayer
envelope
38. The components of the virus which are considered to be important in producing a vaccine against
the vil'Us are the
(A) RNA and capsid

(B) RNA and surface glycoprotein
(C) capsid and lipid bilayer envelope
(D) surface glycoprotein and the lipid bilayer envelope
39. A runner prepares for six months to run 40. Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a
a marathon, by exercising for three hours simple means of assessing obesity. Which
daily. This MOST likely results in an of the following formulae is used to calcu-
increase in late BMI?
I. cardiac output
II. tidal volume Height {m2
(A)
Ill. muscle strength Body mass2 (kg')
IV. blood pressure
Body mass (kg)
(B)
(A) I, II and III only Height (m)
(B) I, II and IVonly
(C) I, III and IV only (C) Body mass (kg)
(D) II, III and IV only Height2 ( m 2)
Body mass (kg)

(D)
Age of individuals (yrs)
- 11 -
41. lnjectingvirus antigens into the body results 44. It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke
in ·causes
(A) natural immunity (A) the blood platelets to become sticky

(B) artificial immunity (B) more adrenaline to be released into
(C) an antigenic drift the blood
(D) an antigenic shift (C) blockage in blood vessels, resulting
in less oxygen being transported
(D) increased secretion of mucus from
42. Which of the following is NOT a possible goblet cells in the epithelium
cause of hypertension?
(A) Arthritis 45. Which of the following BEST describes

(B) Kidney disease tolerance, a form of physical drug
(C) Atherosclerosis dependence?
(D) High levels of a!dosterone
(A) A severe craving for a drug which
interferes with a person's ability
43. One effect of alcohol consumption is that it to function normally
(B) Characterized by the continued
(A) inhibits the release of ADH desire for a drug, even after
(B) increases the release of ADH physical dependence is gone
(C) increases sexual performance (C) Develops in persons who have used
(D) increases muscular coordination large quantities of substances
such as alcohol and barbiturates
(D) Occurs when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug and
requires ever-increasing amounts
to achieve the same effect
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.
02207010/CAPE 2011
t
. - .... - '. '",.
-.~:11·-~-~-~i;•;(~~~!~V~~"-~:tctNr~.~~ 1~~~1.~r·.~!~h ·- ·
J~·~~1Ji\l\~~.Sli~~··jl~lful)i.to d•.•.•Jrl•Y "''~!, TEST CODE 02207010.
-~n··..d_Ji.'.il9D~1ra~tt~n~· :- .· . ·. ·«_ •
FORM TP2013146 . . 0 §!~~:~!~'~ -.. . ' MAY/JUNE 2013

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATiON~
BIOLOGY - UNIT 2
Paper 01
1 /tour 30 minutes
( 14 JUNE 2013 (a.m.) )
l. This test consists of 45 items. You will have I hour and 30 minutes to answer them.
3.. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are
------ --iiems in this test. -- ·--- · - -- - · - ---- ----
4. Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item
you are about to answer and decide which choice is best.
5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space
having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.
Sample Item
Which of the following is NOT a fonn of

energy storage?

(B) Lipid
(C)
(D)
Alcohol
Lactic acid
•®©@
6. Jfyou want to change your answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can.
Jfyou cannot answer an item, omit it and go on to the next one. Your score will be the total
number of correct answers.
= 9. Figures aril not necessarily-drawn to scale.

iiiiiii
;;;;;;;
I 0. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
--- DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
-="""-= Copyright© 2011 Caribbean Examinations Council.

022070 IO/CAPE 2013

-2-
Hem 1 refers to the following diagram which shows the structure of a chloroplast.
1. The photosystems are located in the structure labelled

(A) W
(B) X
. (C) y
(D) Z
2. The role of the antenna complex in Photosystems I and II is to
(A) produce oxygen

(B) regenerate RuBP
(C) produce carbohydrates
(D) collect light energy
Item 3 refers to the following diagram which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle.
Carbon dioxide
"C02
\..._ .
.
(
Ribulose
bisphosphate
3. Which of the following correctly identities the compounds, X and Y?
x y
(B) Triose phosphate Phosphoglyceric acid
(C) Simple sugars Proteins
(D) Acetyl CoA Succinic acid
GO ON TO THE NIDIT PAOB

02207010/CAPB 2013
-3-
4. The yield of greenhouse crops is higher 7. Which of the following contributes MOST
than that of field crops, due to increased electron~to the electron transport chain?
photosynthetic activity bythe plants. Which
of the following factors MOST likely (A) Glycolysis
contribute to this? (B) Kreb's cycle
(C) Calvin cycle
I. Constant application of farmyard (D) Fermentation
manure
II. Rotation of plants
Ill. Humid air and moist soil conditions 11=.8.refers to the following flow diagram
IV. Higher than average carbon dioxide which shows the pathways involved in
levels anaerobic respiration. in yeast.
(A) I and II only

(B) I and lII only Glucose
( C)
(D)
II and IV only
III and IV only 1
Pyruvate
i
5. Mitochondria in muscle have more cristae
than mitochondria in skin cells. What is
the-significance of.this? · - _____
2 i
---Ethanar--------
(A) Increased surface area for

a'osorpt1on oY .Pyruvate for J\"l'P 3 ~
production Ethanol
(B) Increased surface area for Kreb 's
cycle reactions 8. Which of the stages, labelled l, 2 and 3,
(C) Steeper hydrogen ion concentration involve(s) decarboxylation?
gradi¢nt in.the mitochondria
(D) More ATP-ase for ATP production (A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1and2 only
6. During aerobic respiration in mammals, (D) 2 and 3 only
pyruvic acid is
(A) used in the Kreb's cycle

(B) converted to lactic acid
(C) used to synthesise glycogen
(D) one of the products of the Kreb's
cycle
00ONTO1HE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPE 2013
-4-
Item 9 refers lo the following two types Item 11 refers to the following diagram
of biological pyramids, labelled X and Y, which shows the nitrogen cycle.
which represent different parameters of a
particular food chain. Atmospheric 4
nitrogen 1 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - .
D I
2 3
Ammonia Nitrites Nitrates
x y 11. At which stage.does denitrification occur?
9. Which of the following con-ectly ideniifies (A) i

the pyramids and the appropriate FIRST (B) 2
trophic level? (C) 3
(D) 4
x y First Trophic
Level
Number Biomass Evergreen tree Item 12 refers to the following diagram
Biomass Number Phytoplankton which is a schematic summary of the
Biomass Number Evergreen tree operational processes in an ecosystem.
Biomass •Phytoplankto~ ---·· - - - · ---- - - - - ----
.. Q light > biotic ~-.::h.:.:••:;_• ___J>
10. In the l9SO's,G.. F.Gause. observed that two
species of flour beetle, Tribolium confusum
'(JI · '"'li:r ~(com.·· pono)nt.~I coccgy
and Tribolium castaneum, survived well on · .

their own. However, when they were put
J:lU 1r1enu
together, only one of the species survived. •Motlc
Thisrestiltedin thehypothesiscalled Gause's component
Competitive Exclusion Principle which _.x.______-1.,
states that no two species can co-exist if
they occupy the same
(A) niche
(B) habitat
(C) ecosystem
(D) environment
12. The arrow labelled X MOST likely

represents
(A) energy flow

(B) water.flow
(C) recycling of faecal wastes
(D) positivefe~dback mechanisms
GO ON TO TaE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPE 2013
- 5-
13. The number and range of different species Item 16 refers to the following diagram
found in an ecosystem are called its which shows a transversesectionofa typical
dicotyledonous root.
(A) biotic factors
(B) abiotic factors
(C) species diversity
(D) community
I
\U.-----II
14. Which of the following does NOT explain
c-J'J;~::;---IU
how deforestation might increase the risk
of ftoodin~? JV
(A) The.water cycle is disrupted.
(B) Tree roots. bind soil particles
together.
(C) Tree canopy prevents rain beating
down on the soil. 16. The Ca,sparian strip is found in the layer
(D) Soil 'nutrients are lost through labelled
leaching and run-off water.
(A) I
----- -- -------- ____@) II,,__
15. Which of the following i.s NOT a (C) III
conservation method used to maintain (D) JV
biodiversity?
(A) Sperm bank 17. In a study of water. movement in plants,

(B) Botanic garden the cut end of a leafy shoot is placed in a
(C) Protected reserve dilute solution of a dye. After a few hours,
(D) Genetic engineering deposits of the dye accumulate in the leaves.
The rate. o( movement of the dye up the

stem is NOT increased by
(A) humidity
(B) wind speed
(C) temperature
(D) darkness

022070 I OICAPE 20.13
-6-
Item 18 refers to the following three-dimensional diagram of part of a plant stem.
18. Which labelled part contains rough endoplasmic reticulum?
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
19. Which of the following statements is true according to the mass (pressure) flow hypothesis?
(A) Sucrose moves in th.e phloem against a concentration gradient.

(B) The loading of sugars into the phloem in the leafis achieved by osmosis.
(C) A source is a site where sugars are utilized, while a sink is a site where sugars.are produced.
(D) Water is actively transp01ted from the intercellular spaces into the c.ell sap at the root end
of the system.
20. The tunica externa found in the walls of arteries and veins is made up of MAINLY
(A) ~lastic fibres

(B) collagen fibres
(C) smooth muscle
(D) squamous epithelium
00 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPB 2013
-7-
Item 21 refers to the following graph which shows changes in blood pressure in the left ventricle
<luring the cardiac cycle.
16 ~
--..,. :,.-m
14 -
12 - ---~
H,
~/
·1 --
'
-- --- , __
--- -
10 -
Blood
pressure 8 .
(kPa) 6 -
4-
-- -.... ... ---

2- l ~iv
_\ .,. -, . 1..--
-- -
.
0
' ... ·1
-2 .
0 0.75
Time (s)
21. Valves open and close due to changes in pressure. Which of the following labels, I, II, III and IV,
correctly identifies the point on the graph when the aortic valve closes?
(A)
Lfil II
(C) Ill
(0) IV
Item 22 refers to the following diagram of the heart and associated blood vessels.
r- e-III v
-/.----IV
22. The inferior vena cava is. represented by
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(0) IV
GOON TO THE NEXT PAOE

02207010/CAPE 2013
- 8-
23. Which of the following structures must be 25. Which of the following is an example of
stimulated to increase heart rate? positiye feedback?
(A) Vena cava (A) Temperature regulation

(B) Cardiac muscle (B) Blood glucose regulation
(C) Sino-atrial node (C) Generation of an action potential
(0) Atria-ventricular node (D) Regulation of water levels in the
bodybyADH
Item 24referstothe following graph which

shows the sigmoid (S-shaped) dissociation 26. When a decrease in normal blood glucose
curve for haemoglobin of a human adu.lt. concentration is detected, Hormone X is
secreted. What iS Hormone X and precisely
--- -
100 where is it produced?
/
80
/ Hormone Location Produced
/ x
:0=~
e...
0
~
=
60
. I
(A) Insulin a. cells in pancreas
- 0
~-~ I (B) Insulin ~ cells in pancreas
92 40
__ .__:a_:_ / EL Glucal!Q!!___ _a. cells in pancreas
/
20 (D) Glucagon ~ cells in pancreas
/
0
/ !.
0 I 2 l 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Partial pressure of oxygen (kPa)
the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of
a nephron.
24. During cycling, the partial.pressure of oxy-
gen found in the pulmonary vein leaving x
the lungs and in a vein leaving a muscle is
MOST likely > >
p0 2 (kPa) in p01 {kPa) in
Pulmonary Vein. Vein Leaving
Leaving Lungs M.uscle
(A) 0 12
(B) 2 12
(C) 6 6 27. lfthe diameter of the blood vessel is made
(D) 12 2 smaller at X, a possible outcome is that
(A) the rate of ultrafiltration will

increase
(B) the rate of ultrafiltration will
decrease
(C) water re-absorption will decrease
(D) the rate of urine .production will
decrease
00 ON TO TQE NEXT PAGE

02207010fCAPE 2013
-9-
Item 28 refers to the following illustration Item 30 refers to the following diagram of
of a section of a kidney nephron, drawn by a neurone.
a student.
....... ..
The drawing above MOST likely represents
28.
the ....
,,,
101
I II
I
o
(A) proximal convoluted tubule

(B) distal. convoluted tubule
(C) loop of Henle
(D) collecting duct
!tern 29 refers to the following diagram. 1v---4'l/\~,._
~
+40
> 30. Which region assists in speeding up the
"=~e conduction of nerve. impulses?
.. 'ii III
... 'Cl II
s :l
.0
~ 8.
c 0 (A)
(B)
I
II
I
(C) III
-701-"-- (D) IV
29. Diffusion of sodium ions into the axon

occurs at 31. AIDS is caused by a
(A) I (A) retrovirus

(B) II (B) rhinovirus
(C) III (C) bacterium
(D) IV (D) protozoan
32. A disease that develops slowly and persists

for a long time is BEST described as
(A) acute
(B) chronic
(C) degenerative
(D) self-inflicted

02207010/CAPE 2013
- 10 -
33. A highly malignant tumour linked to 37. Which of the following is true for mast
ultraviolet radiation is a cells?
(A) sarcoma (A) They are found in lymph nodes

(B) melanoma only.
(C) lymphoma (B) They .are the smallest circulating
(D) papilloma granulocytes.
(C) They are large gr;muloctyes which
engulf pathogens ..
Which of the following types of lymp- (D) They contain many granules rich
34.
hocytes do NOT release lymphcikines when in histamine and heparin.
stimulated?
(A) Killer T-cells 38. A key feat1lre of monoclonal antibodies is.

(B) Helper T-cells that they are manufactured by
(C) MemoryT-cells
(D) Suppressor T-cel!s (A) mast cells
(B) cancer cells
(C) one type of B-cell
35. The monomers that make up the heavy and (D) one type ofT-cell
light chains of an antibody molecule are
joined by
3::t<9LJc.---''WN'hhich ofthe-follawing-is-NW an-eMmple- - - - -
(A) peptide bonds of the use ofmonoclonal antibodies?
(B) hydrogen bonds
(C) g!ycosidic bonds (A) Locating tumours
(D) disulphide bonds (B) Detec.ting•.pregnancy
(C) HJ,agnosjng•AlDS
(D) D\~gnos'irig.dengue fever
36. Which of the following statements BEST
describes the term 'immune response'?
40. Body Mass Index (BM!) may be used as
(A) Formation of blood clots to limit an indicator .for obesity. Which of the
the entry of foreign organisms following BMl values BEST reflects that
(B) Production of cells and substances ofan obe~ individual'!
which recognize and eliminate
foreign organisms (A) 25
(C) Secretion of mucus to trap foreign (B) 27
organisms at the skin (C) 29
(D) Recognition and protection ofself- (D) 31
cells
41. Injectingvi111Santjgens into the body results

in
(A) natural immunity

(B) artificial 'immunity
(C) an antigenic drift .
(D) an antigenic shift
GO.ONTO, THB.NEXT'PAOE
02207010/CAPE 2013
- 11 -
42. Which of the following BEST describes 44. It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke
the disease atherosclerosis? causes
(A) Extensive damage to the endothelial (A) the blood platelets to becqme sticky
lining of the atteries (B) more adrenaline to be released into
(B) Formation of large blood clots in the blood
arteries (C) blockage in blood vessels, resulting
(C) Build-up of plaque in the walls of in less oxygen being transported
arteries (D) increased secretion of mucus from
(D) Calcification of the walls of goblet cells in the epithelium
arteries
45. Which two stages ofalcoholic liver disease

Item 43 refers to the following table are reversible?
which shows .the number of cases of
dengue haemorrhagic fever (per I 00 000 (A) Liver cells are replaced by fibrous
inhabitants) reported in the Americas for scar tissue, and the liver becomes
2001 and 2002. swollen and fatty.
(B) Liver becomes swollen and fatty,
and inflammation of the liver.
(C) Liver cells are replaced by fibrous
--scat"-tissue,-arnl-infla=atio~l'- --
43. Which of the following represents the the liver.
incidence rate for the period 200 I to 2002'? (D) Liver becomes swollen and fatty,
and liver cirrhosis.
(A) 0.05
(B) 0.10
(C) 0.15
(D) 0.20
END OF TEST
022070 IO/CAPE 2013

,.\.t~ -.
~.~
TEST CODE 02207010

FORM TP2014143 MA YIJUNE 2014
CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION@
BIOl,OOV ., UNIT ~
I
\ Iinp(H' 01
lluJUr gO mlnUitiJ
·"'....,·;·<- •• ,.·~_1,~-' .•~...,.::.••...
~~h'-· ",' ···'.··-c5-'d-':&,-·:)·~•.
l~ IrtrNlt i()l~ (fi:nh)

-"1~'
READ THE FOLL{H¥ING INSTRUCTIONS CARE FtJLt..Y.
I, This test consists of 45 Items. You win have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer them.
- ')
'k. •. In addition to this test booklet; you should have an answer sheet,
1 :;.~:
.[~
.i:I
,~ .;
:3.
4.
Do not b@ccneerned that the answer sheet provides
items in this test.
Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item
5paCIj1~ for more answers thsn there arc
. you are about to answer and decide which choice is best.
5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space
having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below,
Sl)m:pJ~1.UHfl
WI1!Gi1 $( the foUOwlf1/S is Nett a forrfl of

elH~tgy MOf'flge?
(A) xrp S.ill11Pl~lAnswel'

(8) Lipid
(C)
(D)
Alcohol
L~GtiQ acid
_®©®
The best answer to this item is "ATP;s ,so answer space (A) has been shaded.
6. If you want to change y~ur answer, erase it completely and fill in your new choice.
7. Wher you are told to begin, turn the page Hod WOI'k as quickly and as carefully as YOll can.
If you cannot answer an item; omit it and go on to the next one. Your score will be the total
numberof correct answers.
Figures ate not necessarily drawn to scale.
--=-
rF'il: 9.
~
t;;mt':
10: The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
~
~
~ DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO.. SO.
~'.~.~- .. '- ~~'~.".--
'.--,"~"..,..~--,..-~- ~
.,.. .. .. .,.."'"~-."
~XO! Copyright © 201 I Caribbean Exarnlnaiions Courtcil.

~ Ai} " ~ ~.. L J-- __ ~ • _ .J
Iteml refers to the following diagram which It.cm.:Lf refers to the following graph which
shows the structure of a chloroplast. shows the effects of increasing light inten-
sity on the rate of photosynthesis.
~.:;e2 ..~ Rate

of
~.
III
7
photosynthesis
1. The photosystems are located in which of the
structures labelled I to IV? .
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) tV IV
Light Intilri8Uy
2, TIH~ role of the antenna complex in

Photosysterns I and It is to
4. At which of the stages labelled 1,II, III and
IV would light be a limiting factor?
(A) produce oxygen
(A) I
(B) regenerate RuB?
(13) II
(c
) produce carbohydrates
(C) III
(D) collect light energy
(D) IV
3. Which of the following occur in the Calvin

5. Mitochondria in muscle have more cristae
cycle?
than mitochondria in skin cells. What is the
significance of this?
(A) Fixation of carbon dioxide and
production of ATP
(A) Increased surface area for
(B) Fixation of carbon dioxide and
absorption of pyruvate for ATP
regeneration of RuBP
production
(C) Oxidation of NADPH and
(8) Steeper hydrogen ion concentration
production of ATP
gradient in-the mitochondria
(D) Re d u c t i c n of NADP and
(C) Increased surface area for Kreb's
regeneration ofRuBP
cycle reactions
(D) More Al'Pease for ATP production

02207010/CAPE 2014
> ,
-3-
Items 6-7 refer to the following diagram which shows an outline of glycolysis.
Glucose
Stage 1
Stage 2
Triose 3,..phosphate
Stage 3
Pyruvate
Stage 4
Acetyl coenzyme A
6. Which of the following is the name of Substance X?
(A) ATP
(B) ADP
(C) NAD
(D) NADH
7. Which of the following correctly identifies the location of Stage 4 in a eukaryotic cell?
(A) Cytoplasm
(B) Cristae of mitochondrion
(C) Matrix of mitochondrion
(D) Inter-membranal space of mitochondrion
,......ro. I'""\').T ,...,.....(""'\.::-:T11.' "'Tr.V~ nA nc

Items 8-9 refer to the following diagram which shows a simple respirometer.
emF· =0..
JPnr"mndrop
X
II fJ;5QJ~g:\ [[5::=:
Q,~l... ~ Syringe
Glass Germinating
tubing beans
8. The chemical at X is MOST likely 9. Which two of the following MOST likely
explain the movement of the paraffin drop
(A) sodium chloride towards the syringe?
(B) sodium carbonate .
(C) potassium hydroxide I. Oxygen is used by the beans.
(D) potassium carbonate II. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by X.
Ill. Oxygen is absorbed by X.
IV. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the
beans.
(A) I and II
(B) I and Ill
(C) II and IV
(D) III and IV
Item 10 refers to the following diagram of energy flow in a food chain.
1 X 10' kJ •..•.
Autotrophs
1000 kl Herbivore
200 kJ .•.. Primary 40 kJ •.... Secondary
solar energy ". ",.
;"
carnivore carnivore
9000 kJ 800 kJ 160 kJ

\'1 \It \11
I Energy lost as heat, water products and uneaten parts

I
10. Which of the following would represent the total amount of energy acquired by the producer?
(A) 10 kJ
(8) 1 000 kJ
(C) 10000 kJ
(D) 100000 kJ

02207010/CAPE 2014
'-
~ I
~5 ~
it. The way in which the specific environment is exploited by an organlsrn is HI) appropriate definition
for
(A) 11 habltut
(El) sn eccsystem
(C) a trophic level
(D) an eoologlcel niche
[tem 12 refers to the following information.
Ticks are parasites of cows. A single cow can be parasitized by several thousand ticks.
A possible food chain involving ticks is as follows.
[.0;;;]
12. . Which of the following would represent a pyramid of numbers based on the above food chain?
(A) ~ --- ..
. ".'
(B)
·· .
9'······
..' ~.. - . .. -. _. , .. - .
. -"" . -'- .. - ." - ,.'
.'
(C)
s,.
,'."' -'''' .....
-"
. -". . "' ..
' . ~.- ,.
'". ..,' ,- , -.' ... _.
(D)
g ..
.•..
-~ .
'
.
.....
. . -,
' ..
" ,
Item 13 refers to-the following diagram 16. Which of the following substances are cor-
which shows part of the nitrogen cycle. reetly paired for the cells given in the table?
Nitrogen gas in .
r. Subedn
3~ the atmosphere --l..... II. Lignin
/ Protein in III. Cellulose
Nitrate plants IV. Pectin
iuns.. . ~ ~. -". -- - ._---
~ Nitrite
ions'
.•. .- Protein in
dead plants
(A)
(B)
Endodermls
Guard- cells
-.
1-- and II
I and IV ".",' ...
(C) __ Xylem II and III

-
13. Which of the following shows the types of (D) Phloem III and IV
bacteria that are involved in Steps 1, 2 and
3?
17. In a study of water movement in plants,
Nitrogen-fixing Denitrifying Nitrifying the cut end of a leafy shoot is placed in a
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria dilute solution of a dye. After a few hours,
(A) 1_. 3 2 deposits of the dye accumulate in the leaves.
... - -.- -- .'- .
(B)
--
2 1 :3
The rate of movement of the dye up the stem
(C) ,-.- ..
3 _ ... _- 1 2 is NOT increased by
(D) 3 2 .. - - -
1 .-,- ..
(A) humidity
14. Which of the following does NOT explain (B) wind speed
how deforestation might increase the fisk (C) temperature
of flooding? (D) darkness
(A) The water cycle is disrupted.

(B) Tree roots bind soil particles
together.
(C) Tree canopies prevent rain beating
down on the soil.
(D) Soil nutrients are lost through
leaching and run-off water.
15. Which of the following is NOT a

conservation method used to maintain
biodiversity?
(A) Sperm bank

(B) - Botanic garden
(C) Protected reserve
(D) Genetic engineering

02207010/CAPE 2014
-7 -
Items 18-19 refer to the following diagram lt~ms 21:--22 refer to the following graph
which shows a representation of an electron which shows blood pressure changes in the
micrograph of a transverse section of two heart during the cardiac cycle.
cells in the phloem tissue of the stem of a
plant. 16
Blood 14 ~Ill~.- - - -
pressure 12 r -
(kPa) 10
8 Key
6 -- Left ventricle
4 'j::- ••••••• Left atrium
- - Aorta
o2~ ~'·'h"'
I •• ""'.~ ~r'''' .' " •••..
......•..•.
o 0.1 0.20.30.4 O.S0.6 0.7 0.8 0:9
Time (5)
~Nucleus 21. The atrioventricular valves open at
(A) I
I II (8) II
(C) III
(D) IV
18. The cell labelled I is a
(A) fibre cell 22. At which of the following stages are the
(B) companion cell heart sounds, 'Iub' and 'dub' produced?
(C) parenchyma cell
(D) sieve tube element (A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and III
19. Which ofthe following isNOT an indication (D) II and IV
of how Cell II is specially adapted to its
function?
23. Which of the following structures must be
(A) It is very active metabolically. stimulated to increase heart rate?
(B) The walls are impregnated with
lignin. (A) Vena cava
(C) The end walls are perforated by (8) Sinoatrial node
plasmodesmata. (C) Cardiac muscle
(D) It has an exceptionally high density (D) Atrioventricular node
of mitochondria.
20. Which ofthe following processes faei litates

the loading of sugar into phloem vessels?
(A) Osmosis
(8) Endocytosis
(C) Active transport
(D) Facilitated diffusion
Item 24 refers to the following graph which 25. Which of the following is an example of
shows the oxygen dissociation curves positive feedback?
of haemoglobin at three different partial
pressures of carbon dioxide. (A) Temperature regulation
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mm Hg) (B) Blood glucose regulation
.S 100
..c
o
(
15
--- --
----------~~--------- '\
(C)
(D)
Generation of an action potential
Regulation of water levels in the
body by ADH
~
~ 80
(II
..c:l
.....
c 26. When a decrease in normal blood glucose
1:1
-3 60 concentration is detected, Hormone X is
secreted. What is Hormone Xand precisely
iI>l
iI> 40
where is it produced?
I)!)
Hormone Location
~
X Produced
~ 20
Il-I
(A) Insulin a cells in pancreas
(B) Insulin P cells in pancreas
o 20 40 60 80 100
(C) Glucagon a cells in pancreas
Partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg)
(D) Glucagon ~ cells in pancreas
24. From the graph, it can be deduced that
(A) at high partial pressures of carbon

dioxide, the rate of release of
oxygen from haemoglobin
increases
(B) at low partial pressures of carbon
dioxide, the rate of release of
oxygen from haemoglobin
increases
(C) at low partial pressures of oxygen,
the rate of release of oxygen
from haemoglobin decreases
(D) at high partial pressures of oxygen,
the rate of release of oxygen
from haemoglobin increases

022070 IO/CAPE 2014
-9 -
Item 27 refers to the following diagram of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule of a nephron.
x
--~
/
27. If the diameter of the blood vessel is made smaller at X, a possible outcome is that
(A) the rate of ultrafiltration will be increased

(B) the rate of ultrafiltration will be decreased
(C) water re-sbaorption will be decreased
(D) the rate of urine production will be reduced
Jtern28 refers to the following graph which !.tew 29. refers to the following
shows the sodium ion concentration as 'fluid photcm lcrograph of 11 human blood smear
passes along the kidney tubule. showing erythrocytes and leucocytes.
'tl 1
~
.•..~ ~
ta ~
.•.. ~
x
§ 5 I
o ""
~ ~~
'a ~
~ 0 ~n~I~rL
~~
0 .•••
~ .9 OLI ~ _
Region of tubule
28. The region of the descending loop of Henle 29. The blood cell labelled X is
is
(A) all erythrocyte
(A) I (8) fl.granulocyte
(13) II (C) a lymphocyte
(C) 1Il (D) 11 rncnocyte
(D) IV
n(l (11-..1'T(I 'TUp 1-..ICV'T PA nc

Item 30 refers to ,the following diagram which shows a synapse, The numbered arrows represent
movement of substances across the neurone membranes,
'(
,rr.",ynaPHC neurone
"7","=' XX" ~
Direction of transmission of action potential
30. Which of the following correctly identifies the substances moving across the membranes at points
1,2,3 and 4?
1 2 3 . - ..
4
(A), K+- Cn2+ Cah Na+
... . ---
",(8) " K+ Na+ . _ ..

,Acetyloholin,e, CaH
(C) Na+ K+ Ca2+ Acetylcholine
(D) Na+ Ca2+ Acetylcholine Na+
Item 31 refers to the following table 32. Which of the following BEST describes
which shows the number of cases of antigens?
dengue haemcrrhagic fever (per 100 000
inhabitants) reported in the Americas for (A) CelI surface proteins that trigger an
200 I and 2002. immune response
(8) Proteins in the cytoplasm that
I
2001 2002 trigger an immune response
5 000 lS 000 (C) Substances produced by pathogens
that trigger an immune response
31. Which of the following represents the (D) Substances produced by the .body
incidence rate for the period 200 1 to 2002? in response to an infection
(A) 0.05
(B) 0.10
(C) 0.15
(D)' 0.20

02207010/CAPE 2014
- 11 -
33. A highly malignant tumour linked to 38. The presence of a hormone is used as the
ultraviolet radiation is a basis for a pregnancy test. Which of the
following hormones is present in the urine
(A) sarcoma of a pregnant woman?
(B) melanoma
(C) lymphoma (A) Oestrogen
(D) papilloma (8) Progesterone
(C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
(D) Humanchorionic gonadotropin
34. T-lymphocytes mature in the
(A) bone marrow 39. Cerebral haemorrhage MOST likely

(8) lymph nodes describes
(C) spleen
(D) thymus (A) stroke
(8) angina
(C) hypertension
35. The monomers that make up the heavy and (D) coronary heart disease
light chains of an antibody molecule arejoined
by
40. Which of the following is NOT a health
(A) peptide bonds benefit of exercise?
(8) hydrogen bonds
(C) glycosidic bonds (A) Enhanced utilization of fat
(D) disulphide bonds (8) Speeding up of atherosclerosis
(C) Improved resistance to infection
(D) Reduced risk of coronary heart
36. Which of the following is a possible diseases
response of the immune system to an
invading pathogen?
41. One per cent of the human population is
(A) T-Iymphocytes produce antibodies. not susceptible to HIY. This is due to
(8) B-Iymphocytes produce antigens.
(C) T-lymphocytes become activated. (A) phagocytosis of the v irus by
(D) B-Iymphocytes phagocytose the macrophages .
pathogen. (8) the development of .antibo dies
against the virus
(C) a mutation preventing binding of
37. Passive artificial immunity is effective but HIV to T~cells
only for a short time. Which ofthe following (D) a mutation preventing binding of
is the BEST explanation for this? HIV to B-cells
(A) Antigens are rapidly destroyed.

(8) Antibodies are rapidly broken
down.
(C) Phagocytes have a short life span.
(D) Memory cells have a short life
span.
IJ " , s, ~2. Whichofthe following BEST describes the 44. Which of the following is likely to be the
disease atherosclerosis? MOST effective in preventing a person from >.
becoming infected with.the dengue virus?

(A) Extensive damage to the endothelial
lining of the arteries (A) A poster describing the life cycle
(8) Formation of large blood clots in of the dengue virus
arteries (8) Ensuring that all water storage \,
,,'
(C) Build-up of plaque in the walls of drums are securely covered
arteries (C) Introducing fish into garden ponds
(D) Calcification ofthe walls of arteries (D) Regular personal use of insect
repellents
43. The progressive decrease in response to

a drug as the human body adapts to its 45. Which two stages of alcoholic liver disease
presence is called are reversible?
(A) craving (A) Liver becomes swollen and fatty;

(B) adaptation and liver cirrhosis.
(C) tolerance (8) Liver becomes swollen and fatty,
(D) dependence and inflammation of the liver.
(C) Liver cells are replaced by fibrous
scar tissue, and inflammation of
the liver.
(D) Liver cells are replaced by fibrous
scar tissue, and liver becomes
swollen and fatty.
END OF TEST
0220701 O/CAPE 2014

Gtte &ohcQg
/
.:" J:
:
anaT Zt
'
'a -L'
:'
Which pf thg following combinations of 2. Which of the following are products of
runctrons corecuy describes the roie of a. 't photophosphorylation?
diiotyledon6us leaf? ;.
|,1,
I. /-NfP
I.
:: :
Control of transpiration IIt .. ADP

II. Removal of poisonous gases from ilI. NADP
the air IV. NADPH
ru. Absorption of radiant energy :
ry Foo{ storage (A) I and III onlY
' I and [V onlY
(B)
'(A) I and II only (C) II and III.onlY
(B) I, II and III onlY i*,'
(D) III and [V onlY
(c) I, III,and IV only .
(D) I, II; III and IV

"i' '
':'l
.:: .
refers,to the following diagram wh:qb outlines the events of the Calvin cycle'
. .. '1.
I x I->l
.t /
v lT>l
l,
Grucose l+ -i-| Starch l
'li
',:: 4
l.l :. ..;.
l, .r: ,
3: which of the following correctly identifies the compounds, X and Y?
x
(B) Triose phosphate - Phosp,hoglyceric acid
(c) Simple sugars Proteins
(D) Acegyl CoA Succinic acid
4. On a warm,.sunny day, photosynthesis is'limited by

.l
(A) temperature
(B) light intensity d1,
:::::. j (c) oxygen availabiliry

(D) carbon dioxide availabilitY
GO ON TO THE NEXT PACE

-j
'
,4,.
-
j':,
a
-J-
trtern5 refers to the following scherqatic 7. Which of the following lists the chemical
diagram'which summarizes the main jteps groupings found within anATP molecule?
in glycolysis.
(A) .BBss, sugan phoephete grouF
G) HnEe, Ptetoln' PheFPhate FrgHF
(C) Amlno apid, basp, ihosphate grpup
, (D)' Aminoacid,sugar,phosphategroup
Yeast is a key compbneqt in wine making.

.l
The MAIN purpo." of the yeast is to
(A) ferment starch to release ethanol

and oxygen
(B) promote carbon dioxide production
to aerate wine
(C) fernrent sugar to form ethanol and
caibon dioxide
At'what,stage does oxidative phosphory- (D) promote glycerol.productionto
lation occur? make the wine sweeter
, i,
(A) ir 'j .
(B) rr 9. Which of the following contributes the

(C) II MOST electrons to the electron transport
,(D) IV chain?
a
:,.
' (A) Glycoiysis
",0
Item 6 refers to the following diagram of a (B) Kreb's cycle
mitochondrion. (C) Calvin cycle
(D), Fermentation
II
m 10. When a species plays a role in its
community, it is said to be in its
.. (A) habitat
"population
6. Decarboxylation during respiration o0curs (B)
at (C) ecosystem
(D) ecological niche
(A) ., I
(B) ;iII
(c) ,III
(D) tV
i::
/]r\ r)\T TTT TTJtr NF]'T PAGF

-4- ,r
'; . . .;' ..
Which ofithe following combinatiogts Iteni l3:refers to the following diagram
'which
represent iimitations of using pyramids"of' is a echematic summ4ry gf the
snergy io.doeorlbe roletlonrhlpn betweon oFgrfrtlaRBl progosees ln 4n ssoFyFtgm'
I
lrophlo lovala ln oooayntoms?
'Blotlc
I. A'single grass plant has the same
' st'atus as a tree.
t
' l-\
comDonent
/ t l--s**-'
Heat
u. It:; requires combustion 'of

representative samples. wh{oh
t()t
mby be time-consuming. "'
\//
Nutrients
ilI. It may be difficult to assign a species
' Abiotic
to one trophic level, for example, .
'ry.
onrn-ivores x# component
Tnire pyramid shapes are not alwiys

obtained as some maybe inverted.
(A) I and II only

(B) I a:nd III only
rr,
.:
,\/
(C) '
(D)
Il'dnd III only
II,TIII and IV only ?*.m
lt- 13. The arrow labelled X MOST likelv
Item 12 refers to the following diagram, represents
,t
where R Q and R represent bacteria that
are active in the nitrogen cycle. ,: (A) energy flow
' .. r'.:t
(B) water flow
|s +frrttffi-^..r*-]
f|TmeTi.t---".rt*'l
a:' (c) recycling of faecal wastes
lTit'"tfil positive feedback mechanisms
iPl a
| . ':.
r'
a\
'I Nltrltcs |
,
.
lTit "s;-tfiia"r'
I'l
I U. Which of the following does NOT explain
how deforestation might increase the risk
l-ffi;ffi] of flooding?
,/ ,;.t
iffiE*-TGi',-iil - (A) The water cycle is disrupted.
(B) Tree roots bind soil particles.
12. Which of the following combinations (C) Tree canopy prevents rain beating
correctly identifies the bacteria P, Q and,R? down on the soil.
(D) Soil nutrients are lost through
P a R leaching and run-off water.
(4y' Denitriffing Nitrogou'
fixing ii
(B) Nitrifoingr Nitrogen- Denitrif,iing
fixing
(c) Ni tro gen- Denitrifliing Nitrifuing
fixing '
, (D) Nitrogen- Nitrifuing Denitrifliing

fixing
j.
r1,
-J-
'':'. i.
lf. Which:iof the followiqg is NOT a 19., Which of the following Ftatsrnenti ia trus
eonso|vptlpn mothod UBod te melnteln ,l
biodiveiiity? ;: [ypothesis?
'ii
(A) Sucrose moves in the phloem
, (B) ilptanic garden against a concentration gradient.
: .' (C) Protected reserve (B) The loading of iugars into the
, , (D) $enetic engineering i,. phloem in the leaf is achieved
by osmosis
.:' (c) A source is a site where sugars are
' The active uptake of many ions occdrs at utilized, while a sink is a site
16.
' 'the rootsjof green plants. If the respir{tbry where sugars are produced,
,,1''
' 1 ' enzymepoftherootsofaplantarepoisoped,
(D) Weter is actively trapsported from
at which of the following tissues of the the intercellular spaces into the
'. roots wo'uld the movement of ions be totally cell sap at the root end of the
stopped? system.
ii
(A) Xylem
(B) Epidermis Item 20 refers to the following diagram of a
(C)..Fndodermis ,r1,
longitudinal section of a mammalian heagt.
(q) Cortex parenchyma ':
l
.j
L7. In a snidy of water movement in plants,

the cut bnd of a leaff shoot is placed,in a
dilute soJution of a dye. After a few hours,
depositsofthodye accumulate in the leaves.
r.t i:
Thb rate:of movement of the dye uii the
stem is NOT increased by
.1.
,(A) darkness
(B) humidity :
(C) temperature 20. Which of the following is true for the
(D) wind speed .l structure labelled X?
i
,;' (A) Receives impluses from the brain
18, Companion cells are ionnected to sieve to initiate contraction ofthe atria
tube elements by
(B) Delays impulses for a fraction of a
second befbre they travel dowh
(A) small plastids into the ventricles
(B) protein fibres (C) Separates the right ventricle frorn
(C) plasmodesmata the left ventricle
(D) polymer molecules (D) . Conducts impluses very rapidly to
the base of the ventricles
: -1 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

02207010/CAPE 20r.5
r!
-6-
I.
,t
Item 21{efers to the following graphw}rich Item 23 referb to the following graph which
shows changes in blood pressure in tlxi.left shows the sigmoid (S-shaped) dissociation
ventriclqduring the cardiac cycle. ; curye for haemoglgbin.of a human adult.
100
80
1
:Et
-o0.9
PE
EL.
qr- !t
g.;
0 I 2 3 4.5 6 7 8 9 l0 tt t2
Partial pressure ofoxygep (kpa)
2L. Valv.qs qpen and close due to chang'e's in

pressurdi: Which of the labels, I, il, III ind 23. During cycling, the partial pressure of
IV, correctly identifies the point on the graph oxygen found in the pulmonary vein leaving
when the aortic valve closes? . .
the lungs and in a vein leaving a muscle is
MOST likely
:t
(A) 'I
::
(B) II' pO, (kPa) in pO, (kPa) in
(c) IIF
Pulmonary Vein Vein Leavir-rg
(D) rv {-';
.:
Leaving Lungs Muscle
(A) 0 t2
22. In the mammalian heart, heartbeat (B) 2 t2
initiated,in the i (c) 6 6
(D) l2 2
(A) P.urkinje fibres
(B) sinoatrial node
(c)
(D)
anterior vena cava
atrioventricular node
"i' 2:4. Which of the 'follorying explains the
physiological signifi cance of the Bohr effect
in mammalian muscle?
(A) Myoglobin releases oxygen more

' rapidly to respiring cells.
(B) Higher carbon dioxide partial
pressures favour unloading of
oxygen from haemoglobin.
(C) Myoglobinlecomesfullysarurated
atlower oxygen partial pressures.
(D) Haemoglobin becomes fully
saturated at lower oxygen partial
pressures.
i1,
I ':
t
-7 - ,l
Which of tlre foflowing are NOT regulafpd 26. . Which of the follori,ing' functions 4S an
bya negative feedback mechanism?
'': endobrine gland?
.i
(A)
, .(B) Hp.ert rate End blood prersurs ' (A) Tsgtin
W4ter balance and blood pH (B) Liver
(C) i
Labour during birth and actib; (C) Kidney
potential (D) Salivary gland
(D) . Blood glucose concentration and
, b6dy temperature
r1
Itei;n 27 refers to the following diagrams'representing regions of a nephron as seen in a transverse

section of the kidney when viewed under a light,microscope.
'::
1t.
@Ir
i.
I
,.i'
i::
TTT
i w
',t
':
Which diagram represents the loop of H,qnld?
i:!,
//A\ '. Y:'

\^,, r.
rR\
\-' TT.
(uJ
f A\
lu.
YYY'
/'T'\\
\y'
T\/ i
I
I The target cells of the antidiuretic hormpgre are cells of the
. J:!.
(A) 'ji. loop of Henld and distal convoluted tubule

(B) glomerular capillary and renal capsule
(C) prgyimal convoluted tubule and gollecting duct
'(D) , collecting duct and distal convciiluted tubule
j.
i1;

'n))n1n1n/aaptr ?n1<
t.
,l
-8-
:
' j'
.:a{,
Item 29 refers to the following diagram. 33. Which of the following is true for mast
cells?
(A) . They are found in lymph nodes

. only.
granulocytes.
::.1.,:
f:!,
(C) They are large gtanulocytes which
.': engulf path.ogens.
(D) They contain many $ranuloa rioh
In hlstqrnine and heFarin'
29, Diffrrsipn of sodium ions into the),axon

o.qcwsiat 34, Which of the following is NOT a function
of phagocytes in the human body?
(A) I
(B) ', (A) Secretion of antibodies
,II J1
(B) Removal of dead cells

(c) '
.III
(D) ,:IV (c) Cleaning of debris in the plasma
(D) Engulfing invading microorga-
,t. nisms
30, Which'bf the following are functions of a
mamrhalian synapse? ,r

I. ,Acts as a junction i: an antibody molecule.
II: ,Filters out low-level stimulilo':
III. ;
,,Passes impulses in both directions
IV. Transmits information between
neurones
:'
(A) .I and III onlv
(B) IV only
II and 'r
(c) 'I, II and IV ohly \

(D) .II,III and IV only ,*;.
31; Which of the following is an example of

an infectious disease spread via blood or in
semen?: : '
{
(A) ArDS
:
,l
(B) Diabetes 35. Which of the following combinations

1:
(C) Bronchitis .'i correctly identifies the labelled regions?
(D) Dengue fever I il
'..'
(A) Hinge region Hearry polypeptide chain
32. A high,ly malignant tumour linkEd to
ultraviolet iadiation is a (B) Antigen binding site Chain of sugar molecules
(A) sarcoma (c) Heavy pollpeptide Light polypeptide chain

' , (B) melanoma chain
(C) lymphoma
i!!,
(D) Hinge region Variable region
(D) papilloma
n??n?nl n/n A DE ,)nr <
-9-
; i.: .:.
i,
36. {hich of the following is NOT an apirbpriate definition of the imrnune response?
(A) .t
Invplves specific andnon-epoclflcrespoiseswhish attomptto.destreyan itlv4dingPathogen

(B). Ahy rosponse of tho lmmune systorn to en.entigsnlc stimulub
'
: (C) Adyerse effects on the functidiring of the imtnune system due to allergens
(D) lnvolves responses that allow the body to distinguish self from non-self .
' : :. :i'
i' .
' Items 37138 refer to the following dia$ram showing qlonal selection and expansion as seen in the
'.''
l::.
immune response. .r
,b._
?$lf,F
I.
37. Which of tbe cells, labelled W, X,Y or'2,

I
are plasma cells?
''l
(A) w
(B) i/n
(c)
(D)
. 38. During which of the stages labelled I,2,3 and4, are cytokines involved?
t
(A) I
(B) 2
(c) ;t
(D) 4
.'
'I
.1.

j.
i'l
ri l0r
,t.
39." Whi.ch of the following is NOT an ex4mple 43, Which of the following BEST describes
of the.use of monoclonal antibodidS? the disease atherosclerosis?
(A) ,: Locating tumours (A) Build.up of plaque in the walls of

(B) - petecting pregnancy arteries
(C) ri.DiagnosingAlDs ! .
(B) Calcification ofthe walls ofarteries.
(D)
7nr
j n.Diagnosing dengue fever
-.
.':
.'
(C) Formation of large blood clots in
'i arteries
(D) Extensivedamagetotheendothelial
:40: Which of the following.are health bQnefits lining of the arteries
.: ofexercise? :
j,
L Enhanced utilization of fat Items 4445 referto the following diagram
II. i Speeding up of atherosclerosis which shows the structure of the human
III; l';Improved resistance to infection immrinodeff ciency virus (HIV),
(A) ;:I and II only

(B) . I and III only 'j
d::
.
(C) ":II and III only

(D) ';,I,II and III
...i
Which of the following are the main'cells
infected by the human immunodeficiency
virus?
'(A) .fihelper cells

a1,
44. The parts labelled P and S are

(B) rErythrocytes
(C) ,.Platelets
P
(D) :Mast cells
S
(A) reverse transcriptase RNA
'.' (B) rreverse transcriptase DNA
42. Body Mass Index (BMI) may be used as (c) RNApolymerase RNA
':
an indicator for obesity. Which of: the (D) RNApolymerase DNA
following BMI values BEST reflect$.that
of an obese individual?
45. Which part would MOST likely be of
(A) 2s importance iir producing a vaccine for the
(B) '27 vinrs?
(c) '29
(D) 3t (A) P
(B) a
J:!,
(c) R
(D) S
FND OFTEST
.i, .
i:. t
t. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CA.LLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS
TEST.
..if;
. ::
1
CAPE Biology 2016 U2 P1
02207010 CAPE/2016
2
02207010 CAPE/2016
3
02207010 CAPE/2016
4
02207010 CAPE/2016
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02207010 CAPE/2016
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02207010 CAPE/2016
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02207010 CAPE/2016
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02207010 CAPE/2016
11
02207010 CAPE/2016
Scanned by CamScanner
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CANDIDAIE-PLEASE NOTE:
PRINT your name on the line below and retura
this booklet with your answersheet. Failureto
do so may result in disqualiication.
TEST CODE 02207010
FORM TP 2020173 MAY JUNE 2020
CARIB BEAN EXAMINATION S CoUNCIL
CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFIcIENCY EX:AMINATION

BIOLOGY
UNIT 2- Paper 01
1 hour 30 minutes
11 JUNE 2020 (a.m.)
1. This test consists of 45 items. You will have l hour and 30 minutes to answer them.
In addition to this test booklet. you should have an answer sheet.

Do not be concemed that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items
3.
in this test.
Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A). (B). (C). (D). Read each item you
On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having
Sample Item
Sample Answer
energy storage?
(A) ATP BCD

(B) Lipid
(C) Alcohol
(D) Lactic acid
The best answer to this item is *ATP". so (A) has been shaded.
answer. erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.

6. If you want to change your
When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou
7. cannot answer an item, g0 on to the next one. You may return to that item later.
9. are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Figures
10. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Copyright © 2018 Caribbean Examinations Council.

2
section through a dicotyledonous leaf

iem] refers to the following diagram of a longitudinal
its importance in photosynthesis

1. Which ofthe following combinationscorrectly identifies Cell Xand
Cell X Importance in Photosynthesis

Contains numerous chloroplasts
(A) Spongy
(B) Palisade Contains photosynthetic pigments
Contains photosynthetic pigments
(C)Spongy
(D) Palisade Contains numerous mitochondria
Innon-cyclic photophosphorylation. photolysis

occurs,oxygen is released and hydrogen is taken
2. molecules accepts hydrogen in this process?
molecule. Which of the following
up by an acceptor
(A) FAD
(B) NAD
(C) RuBP
(D) NADP

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
3
Item3 refers to the following diagram which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle.
Carbon dioxide
X Glucose | Starch
Ribulose
bisphosphate
3. Which of the following correctly identifies the compounds X and Y?
X Y
(A) Triose phosphate Phosphoglyceric acid
(B) Phosphoglyceric acid Triose phosphate
(C) Acetyl CoA Succinic acid
(D) Simple sugars Proteins
Item 4 refers to the following schematic diagram which summarizes the main steps in glycolysis.
Glucose
Fructose -6 - phosphate
Triose phosphate Triose phosphate

IV
Pyruvate
At what stage does substrate level phosphorylation occur?
(A)
(B)
(C) III
(D) IV

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
4
In anaerobic respiration, the maximum number of ATP molecules that may be produced from a
.
molecule of glucose is
(A)
(B)
C) 34
(D) 38
section through mitochondrion.

Item6 refers to the following diagram of a a
III
IV
Which of the structures labelled I, I, II and IV represents the region where ATPase is located?
(A)
(B) II
(C)
(D) IV

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
refers to the following diagram
Lten Zrefers to the following graph which Ltem 8
shows the etfects of increasing light showing an experimental set-up.
intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Pipettetip
IV
Light intensity
Germinating
peas Dry peas
1. Atwhich ofthe labelled stagesabove would Dry non-absorbent
light be a limiting factor? cotton
Beads-
Absorbent cotton
(A) soaked with KOH
(B)
(C) Apparatus I Apparatus II
(D) IV
8. A possible reason for setting up Apparatuss

Il is to
measure the amount of carbon

(A)
dioxide being evolved by dry peas
(B) verify that oxygen gas is being
consumed only by germinating
peas
(C) compare the amount of carbon

dioxide used by peas in both tubes
(D) control the amount ofoxygen being
consumed by germinating peas in
Apparatus I
GOON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 6-
12. Which of the following entities is NOT

9. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate does not
recycled in ecosystems?
enter the Krebs cycle but instead undergoes
fermentation'. Which of the following is
NOT a possible product of this process? (A) Energy
(B) Sulfur
(A) Ethanol (C) Nitrogen
(B) Lactic acid (D) Phosphorus
(C) Oxidized NAD
(D) Reduced NAD
13. Which of the following statements
concerning a food web is INcORRECT?
10. Which of the following pairs of statements
correctly distinguishes between energy flow (A) Food webs show how much energy
and nutrient cycling in ecosystems? flows through an ecosystem.
(B) The complexity of food webs in
Energy Flow Nutrient Cycling | most ecosystems makes them
very stable.
| (A) |Occurs through | Occurs within an (C) Food webs have more than one
anecosystem ecosystem organism feeding at different
(B) Driven by | Driven by trophic levels.
photosynthesis |respiration (D) Food webs can be used to predict
(C) |Driven by Driven by the results of disturbances in the
respiration photosynthesis community.
(D) Occurs within Occurs through
anecosystem an ecosystem
14. Which of the following contributes the
MOST electrons to the electron transport
11. Which ofthe followingrepresent limitations chain?
of using pyramids of energy to describe
relationships between trophic levels in (A) Fermentation
ecosystems? (B) Calvin cycle
C) Krebs eycle
. A single grass plant has the same (D) Glycolysis
status as a tree.
II. It requires combustion of repre-
sentative samples which may be 15. Which of the following is NOT a
time-consuming. conservation method used to maintain
It may be difficult to assign a biodiversity?
species to one trophic level, for
example, omnivores. (A) Sperm bank
(B) Botanic garden
(A) I and II only (C) Protected reserve
(B) I and lIl only (D) Genetic engineering
(C) II and III only
(D) I, II and IlI
02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

16. The tunica externa found in the walls of arteries and veins is made up of MAINLY
(A) elastic fibres

(B) collagen fibres
(C) smooth muscle
(D) squamous epithelium
Item17 refers to the following diagram of a longitudinal section of a mammalian heart.
17. Which of the following is true for the structure labelled X?
(A) Delays impulses for a fraction of a second before they travel down into the ventricles
Receives impulses from the brain to initiate contraction of the atria
(B)
Conducts impulses very rapidly to the base of the ventricles
(C)
(D) Separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle
02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
p ad pl
tem 20 refers to the following diagram which shows a representation of an electron micrograph
of a transverse section of two cells in the phloem tissue of the stem of a plant
Nucleus
20. The cell labelled I is a
(A) sieve tube element

(B) parenchyma cell
(C) companion cell
(D) fibre cell

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 10
refers to the following diagram Item 22 refers to the following diagram on

Item 21 a neurone in the human nervous system.
which shows a type of vascular tissue.
Which of the following types of neurones

22.
is represented in the diagram?
Inter-neurone
(A)
(B) Motor neurone
(C) Sensory neurone
(D) Relay neurone
23. A normal pulse is due to
(A) arterial diastole

(B) arterial systole
(C) ventricular diastole
21. Which ofthe following would MOSTlikely ventricular systole
result ifthe structure labelled I is damaged?
(D)
(A) Sucrose would enter the xylem Which of the following structures must be
24.
vessels.
stimulated to increase heart rate?
(B) Hydrostatic pressure would be lost
in II.
(A) Vena cava
(C) Active transport of sucrose would
(B) Sinoatrial node
occur faster.
(C) Cardiac muscle
(D) Large quantities of sucrose would
(D) Atrioventricular node
diffuse into II.

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 11
tem25 refers to the following graph which shows the oxygen dissociation curves of haemoglobin
at three ditferent
partial pressures of carbon dioxide.
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mm Hg)

A.
80
40 70
60
40
20
20 40 60 80 100
Partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg)
25. From the graph, it can be deduced that at
(A) high partial pressures of oxygen, the rate of release ofoxygen from haemoglobin increases
(B) low partial pressures of oxygen, the rate of release of oxygen from haemoglobin decreases
(C) low partial pressures of carbon dioxide, the rate of release of oxygen from haemoglobin
increases
(D) high partial pressures of carbon dioxide, the rate of release of oxygen from haemoglobin
increases
26. Which of the following statements BEST explains the significance of the control centre in
homeostasis?
(A) lt acts as a stimulus to send information towards the effector.

(B) It stimulates both the detector and the effector to produce a response.
(C) It acts as a reference point to determine the mode of action by the effector.
(D) It stimulates the detector to measure the incoming information in the system.

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 12
and its associato.

which shows the mammalian nephron
fem 27 refers to the following diagram
blood vessels.
IV
Which region has cells with numerous mitochondria and microvilli lining its lumens?
27.
(A)
(B) II
(C)
(D) IV
The target cells of the antidiuretic hormone 29. Which of the follow ing are functions ofa
28.
are cells of the mammalian synapse?
Passes impulses in both directions

(A) loop of Henlé and distal convoluted .
tubule II. Filters out low-level stimuli
(B) glomerular capillary and renal Acts as a junction
capsule
proximal convoluted tubule and (A) I and II only
(C)
collecting duct (B) I and Ill only
(D) collecting duct and distal (C) II and I only
convoluted tubule (D) I, II and II
NEXT
PAGE
GO ON TO THE
02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 13
tem 30 refers to the following diagram which shows a synapse. The numbered arrows represent
the movement of substances across the neurone membranes.
IV
Presynaptic neurone
Postsynaptic neurone
Direction of transmission of action potential
30. Which of the following correctly identifies the substances moving across the membranes at Points
I, II, III and IV?
(A) K Ca Ca Na
(B) K Na Acetylcholine Ca,

(C) Na Ca, Acetylcholine
(D) Na Ca, Acetylcholine Na
31. Which of the following BEST describes 33. Which of the following is NOT an
antigens? appropriate definition of the immune
response?
(A) Cell surface proteins that trigger an
immune response Involves specific and non-specific
(A)
(B) Proteins in the cytoplasm that trigger responses which attempt to
an immune response destroy an invading pathogen
(C) Substances produced by pathogens (B) Any response of the immune
that trigger an immune response system to an antigenic stimulus
(D) Substances produced by the body (C) Adverse effects on the functioning
in response to an infection of the immune system due to
allergens
(D) Involves responses that allow the
32. A highly malignant tumour linked to body to distinguish self from
ultraviolet radiation is a non-self
(A) sarcoma
(B) papilloma
(C) melanoma
(D) lymphoma

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 14 -
does
37. Which of the following procedures
Which type ofresponsewould MOSTlikely of monoclonal
34. NOT involve the
use
be involved in producing immunoglobulins? antibodies?
(A) Cell-mediated response

(A) Tissue typing
(B) Humoral response Diabetes test
Physical immune response (B)
(C) Pregnancy test
(D) Non-specific immune response (C)
Cancer treatment
(D)
T-lymphocytes mature in the is true

35. Which of the following
statements
38.
for mast cells?
(A) thymus
(B) spleen found in lymph nodes
lymph nodes (A) They are
(C) only.
D) bone marrow
They are the smallest circulating
(B)
granulocytes.
which
The presence of a hormone is used as the (C) They are large granulocytes
36.
engulf pathogens.
basis for a pregnancy test. Which of the
(D) They contain many granules rich
following hormones is present in the urine in histamine and heparin.
of a pregnant woman?
(A) Oestrogen
(B) Progesterone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
C)
Human chorionic gonadotropin
(D)

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
- 15 -
Item 32 refers to the following diagram showing clonal selection and expansion as seen in the
immune response.
O
IOTO
39. During which of the stages labelled I, II, III and IV are cytokines involved?
(A) I
(B) II
(C)
(D) IV

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
-16-
ltem 40 refers to ie following diagram 2. The formula for body mass index (BM) is
which shows the structure of the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mass (kg)
Height (m)
What is the BMI for an individual whose

weight is l130 kg and height 170 cem?
P
(A) 0.0045
(B) 0.0222
(C) 45
Q 76
(D)
40. The parts labelled P and Q are

Items4344 refer to the following types of
P immunity.
Q
(A)reverse transcriptase | RNA Natural passive immunity
(A)
(B)reverse transcriptase DNA (B) Natural active immunity
(C)RNA polymerase RNA (C) Artificial passive immunity
(D) Artificial active immunity
D) RNA polymerase DNA
In answering Items 43-44. mateh each itenm
with one of the options above. Each option
Item41 refers to the following table which may be used once, more than once or not
summarizes statistical data recorded for
HIV infections in Country X during the t all.
period 2004 to 2005.
The type of immunity acquired
Number of
Population 43. from the injection of an attenuated antigen
Year
Number
People Living into the body
with HIV
2004 456 600 5000 44. as a result of an infection such as chicken

2005 456 600 5600
pox
41. What is the incidence rate of HIV during

the period 2004 to 2005?
(A) 0.012%
(B) 0.13%
(C) 12%
(D) 13%

02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020
17-
45. Compared to non-smokers, smokers are at a greater risk of suffering from a stroke MOST likely
because of an increase in the
(A) levels of dopamine in parts of the brain

(B) probability of blood clots forming inappropriately because the blood is more viscous
(C) rate of cell division in the lung tissue leading to a greater risk of tumour development
(D) deterioration of the lung tissue due to the breakdown of the walls of many alveoli
END OF TEST
02207010/MJ/CAPE 2020

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FORMTP2007166 ........ 1r,.·. MAY/JUNE2007

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

I. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.

Which of the following is NOT a form of

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

(A) Osmosis in root hairs

2. The spongy mesophyll is the chief site of

(A) I and II only

(A) Formation ofATP

(A) photosynthesis is an enzyme

(A) 2 Glass tubing of

7. In the diagram of the mitochondrion below, Soda Q,~~2~~~-J-Water in

The results of the experiment are presented

Time Volume of Oxygen

9. . Which of the following quantities represents

Krebs Cycle Electron (A) 4.2 cm3 min· 1

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

(A) The relationship between an

12. Net primary production (NPP) is

GO ON TO TIIE NEXT PAGE

19. Which of the following statements presents

17. Which ofthe following correctly identifies the

21. The semi-lunar valves close at

(A) atrial diastole

Item 23 refers to the photograph below which

23. What is the approximate magnification of

I. Glucose regulation -(A) basement membrane

(A) I, II and III

(A) I and Ifonly

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

(A) Protein, minerals, fibre

34. Which of the following factors is

(A) Accumulation of lactic acid in the

40. A newborn baby is protected from diseases

(A) I and II only (A) liver cells use alcohol as an energy

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

45. Which of the following explains the use of

(A) Breaking down bacterial cell walls

43. At which point of the stages, labelled I, II, llI

( 11 JULY 2008 (p.m.))

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

I. Light intensity and temperature

1. RuBP carboxylase can be found in Region

9. Which of the following BEST describes an ecosystem?

(A) Producers + consumers + habitats +non-living component

11. Which sequence CORRECTLY represents

Trophic I. Water passes from the xylem into

(A) I, II, III, IV

16. Which of the following does NOT describe

(A) Transported with water via the

21. The inferior vena cava is labelled

20. Which of the fo:towing is correct for BOTH

...E s6 (D) Distal tubule Active transport

4 27. Jn the manunalian kidney, which substance is

25. The effect ofglucagon on mammalian muscle

3 0. Which structures indicate where acetycholine

31. Chronic bronchitis is a condition suffered by

34. The structure labelled Y represents the (A) 1and4

BMI = body mass (kg)

44. These responses are MOST likely caused by

45. The secondary response is faster and stronger

(A) B cells rapidly transform into plasma cells

7. In the diagram of the mitochondrion below, Soda Q,2~-J-Water in