Compétences LVE : English Component L3 Eco-G

____________________________________Reading Comprehension Activity Link___________________________________

Module 1
• The grey economy, the shadow economy, the underground economy, the DIY economy, and

the black market are all interchangeable expressions with the term "the informal economy".

NB grey = GB, gray = US : Vrai

• What informal activity is mentioned for Mexico? Paying their servants in cash.

• In the informal economy, there is only one type of business activity. Faux

• Government behaviour can actually be responsible for the existence of informal businesses :
Vrai

• In poor countries, the majority of jobs are informal. Vrai

• Are Informal businesses more inclined to grow than formal ones? No, because of a lack of
property rights. No, because it is almost impossible to obtain funds.

• Acording to the article, what is the situation in Greece? Its formal and informal economies are of
similar size. The state is deprived of a huge amount of tax revenue.

• Is it easy for a business to go from the informal economy into the formal economy? No, the sole
idea of paying taxes is unappealing

• How are governments trying to force informal businesses into the mainstream economy. By
punishing informal activities. By adjusting their taxes

• Informal economic activity is only the result of entrepreneurial greed. Faux

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
Power of disposal or control: clutches

Something that is contemptibly small: measly

A disadvantage or undesirable feature: drawback

A sphere of operation or in uence: ambit

A person who mocks or makes fun of something: sco er

In a way that shows good sense or judgment: wisely

A written acknowledgment of having paid a speci ed amount of money: receipt

A small factory employing workers at low wages, for long hours, and under poor conditions:
sweatshop

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
Acting with greedy or sel sh motives in order to exploit or pro t from: predatory

Amounts of income of a person or state: revenue

Grow in bulk or increase in size: swell

Work hard at a long, laborious task: slog away

An immoral or wicked act: misdeed

Import or export goods in violation of the law: smuggle

A positive aspect or result: upside

Anything given or serving to persuade or induce: bribe

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
A six-word expression meaning outside the government's control: beyond the ambit of the state

A four-word expression meaning working very hard outside the mainstream economy: Toiling in
the shadows

A three-word expression meaning do something illegal: broke the law

A three-word expression meaning escape the control of someone: elude their clutches

A four-word expression meaning reduce what you have to pay to the government: cutting a tax bill

A two-word expression meaning found over a large area or in many places: widely spread

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
A three-word expression meaning di cult to deal with or manage : hard to tackle

A three-word expression meaning a document that shows you are the rightful owner: proof of
purchase

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 A four-word expression meaning a large sum of money: a chunk of cash

A ve-word expression meaning the amount of revenue the state receives has increased: the tax
take has swelled

A ve-word expression meaning to bring informal economy workers into the mainstream
economy: draw them into the light

• Match the words on the left with a noun from the list to nd collocations used in the article.
bribe-hungry bureaucrats

smuggled food

mobile technology

measly wages

employee bene ts

sales taxes

mainstream economy

nosy neighbours

punitive measures

easy wheezes

• Match the words from the article below with a corresponding synonym from the list.

tough di cult

sta employees

exclude ostracize

elude escape

smart intelligent

deprive take away

harmful damaging

shift move

spur drive

nudge encourage

• Fill in each gap with the most suitable preposition from the list to complete the text below.
Jobs in the informal sector are not well documented or accounted for. The majority

are not regulated or structured and operations are left at the discretion of the employer.

Informality therefore often means a lack of social protection, rights at

work, or in several cases, the absence of decent working conditions.

For the owners of these businesses it could even be worse as low productivity and

poor access to capital is common. Women employees and small business

owners within this economy have it even tougher.

Of the two billion people in the world who make their living in the informal economy,

93 percent live in emerging and developing economies. The prevalence in Africa

is staggering with 85.8 per cent working in informal employments.

• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given word in CAPITALS.
1. The informal economy could be the path to deliver big sustainable development ideals.
SUSTAIN

2. Due to its exibility, the informal economy is in some ways better able to adapt to di culties
such as the current global recession. FLEXIBLE

3. Planning food security, agricultural development, climate adaptation, low-carbon development,

and housing requires a careful consideration of the current and future role of the informal
economy. SECURE – CONSIDER

4. We need to raise awareness of the vital role the grey or informal economy  plays for the  planet's
most vulnerable. AWARE

5. In developing countries, the informal economy guarantees a livelihood  for large segments of
the population. LIVELY

• ACTIVE to PASSIVE: Put the underlined verbs into the passive voice to complete the sentences.
1. Companies operating in the informal economy have pirated all the products you see right now.

Passive Voice: All the products you see right now have been pirated by companies operating in
the informal economy.

2. The informal economy will take over the US economy in 10 years.

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 Passive Voice: In 10 years, the US economy will be taken over the informal economy.

3. People used to call System D the underground economy.

Passive Voice: System D used to be called the underground economy.

4. The global GDP needs to  include the informal economy.

Passive Voice: The informal economy needs to be included in the global GDP.

5. They asked major manufacturers about the impact of piracy in the grey economy on turnover.

Passive Voice: Major manufacturers were asked about the impact of piracy in the grey economy
on turnover.

6. Governments should rethink the impact of the the informal economy on global GDP.

Passive Voice: The impact of the informal economy on the global GDP should be rethought by
governments.

• The sentences below contain a number of deliberate mistakes. 


Rewrite the sentences correctly in the space provided.
1. When it come to the informal economy, most people thinks at illegals activities. (4 mistakes)

When it comes to the informal economy, most people think of illegal activities.

2. There is a grow consensus that right thing to do is to move people from a informal to a formal
employ situation. (4 mistakes)

There is a growing consensus that the right thing to do is to move people from an informal to a
formal employment situation.

• Complete the sentences below by selecting the most appropriate connector for each one.
1. Despite complications to measure the informal economy, one cannot ignore it

as we attempt to provide solutions for greening our global economy.

2. According to the International Labor Organization, approximately 80% of informal economy

workers worldwide have been signi cantly impacted by the pandemic's economic consequences.

3. The UK's shadow or informal economy sector is now worth a massive £150bn a year however
it is still smaller than in most other western nations.

4. Even though there was little evidence that state crackdowns on the grey economy have any
impact,

the government is still very much against legalizing certain informal activities.

5. A reduction in the tax burden is therefore likely to lead to a reduction in the size of the shadow
economy.

6. Rather than working in the shadows, the vast majority of informal workers operate

in public spaces and make huge contributions to communities and economies

Module 2
• What does machine learning consist of? Having a machine that can teach itself anything.

• What can the Chinese AI do? Predict the rise of massive anti-government opinions. Operate
surveillance cameras. Predict internet incidents.

• Could Arti cial Intelligence be better doctors than humans? Yes, in fact it already does better
than humans in some domains.

• Arti cial Intelligence can be tricked. Vrai

• Can Arti cial Intelligence steal our personal identity? Yes, by reproducing our ngerprints.

• According to the article, what is the "democratisation of technology »? It is a form of

technological « anarchisation". It is when powerful AI becomes accessible to anyone.

• How do governments feel about the spread of AI? They have mixed feelings as they use it, but
so can everyone else.

• AlphaZero can do everything the best chess players in the world do and more. Faux

• What are the main di erences between regular computers and arti cial intelligence? Computers
cannot go beyond their original purpose. Arti cial intelligence can learn by itself.

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
1. A group of experts brought together to develop ideas on a particular issue: thinktank

2. Become more distant: recede

3. If something is eerie it is weird or uncanny, and inspires superstitious fear.

4. The fact that two or more things become similar or come together: convergence

5. Break something into pieces, impair or destroy: shatter

6. Unyielding, never giving up: relentless

7. Any signi cant or sudden advance or development: breakthrough

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 8. If something is described as messy it is untidy or disordered.

9. A sudden and active manifestation of something: outbreak

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions from the list.
1. Detect and remove defects or errors from a computer program: debug

2. A measure taken in advance to avert possible evil or to secure good results: precaution

3. An adjective meaning decorated or coloured: specked

4. The quantity or amount produced, as in a given time: output

5. If an issue is described as controversial, it gives way to prolonged public dispute or debate.

6. A person who feels hatred, or malice toward another. An enemy: foe

7. A consequence or end result: outcome

8. Unreasonably hostile feelings or opinions about something or someone: bias

9. Preceding or occurring without de nite aim, reason, or pattern: random

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
1. A two-word expression meaning to behave in a proper and adapted manner: act appropriately

2. A four-word expression meaning unrealistic perceptions or erroneous beliefs regarding what is

happening around or inside us: cognitive and emotional vulnerabilities

3. A four-word expression meaning to begin from a point at which nothing has been done yet:
teach themselves from scratch

4. A three-word expression meaning a remarkable point in development a signi cant milestone

5. A two-word collocation meaning neural networks

6. A three-word prepositional phrase used when inquiring what the foundation for an argument is
on what grounds

7. A three-word expression meaning the content of a particular area of study: eld of knowledge


• Match the words below with an element from the list above to nd collocations used in the
article.
biological brains

machine learning

surveillance cameras

political repression

relevant facts

safety cheks

ngerprint recognition

arti cial ngerprints

Liberal democracies

authoritarian governments

real-world data

• Match the verbs from the article with their respective synonyms.
accomplish achieve

enable empower

reward compensate

spot detect

fool deceive

alter change

target address

grant give

fail blunder

• Complete the text below by lling in each gap with the most appropriate preposition.
The average human being works between four and six hours a day excluding breaks.

We are built in such a way that we need time out in order to wind down and get ready for a new
day at the o ce.

Having a weekend away from the o ce allows us to maintain our work-life balance.

The increasing use of AI in the workplace could put all of this at risk.

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 • Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given word in CAPITALS.
1. Datasets have historically favoured white and Chinese male voices. HISTORY

2. Voice technology often fails to respond adequately to abuse. ADEQUATE

3. Voice assistants predominantly start out as female by default. PREDOMINANT

4. Arti cial intelligence can use a combination of computer vision and classi cation to extract
features from an image. COMBINE – CLASSIFY

5. Tech companies should exercise responsibility that is proportionate to the in uence they have.
PROPORTION

6. Some AI products have standard accessibility features ACCESS

7. There is no widely accepted de nition of Arti cial Intelligence. WIDE

• ACTIVE to PASSIVE: Put the underlined verbs into the passive voice to complete the sentences.
1. The use of AI could double annual economic growth rates of many developed countries by
2035.

Passive Voice: Annual economic growth rates of many developed countries could be doubled by
the use of AI by 2035.

2. AI technologies in business will boost labour productivity by up to 40 percent.

Passive Voice: Labour productivity will be boosted by up to 40 percent by AI technologies in

business.

3. In the past decade, people have uploaded massive quantities of images, videos, social media
comments, and chat dialogues.

Passive Voice: Massive quantities of images, videos, social media comments, and chat dialogues
have been uploaded in the past decade.

4. AI is changing marketing as we know it.

Passive Voice: Marketing as we know it is being changed by AI

5. Intelligent, data-hungry and analytics-based software applications have in uenced consumers'

thoughts and behaviours.

Passive Voice: Consumers' thoughts and behaviours have been in uenced by intelligent, data-
hungry and analytics-based software applications.

• The sentences below contain a number of deliberate mistakes. 


Rewrite the sentences correctly in the space provided.
1. Voice assistant will soon became part of our everyday lifes. (3 mistakes)

Voice assistants will soon become part of our everyday lives.

2. AI are a technology that can replicated human intelligence over a range of activity. (3 mistakes)

AI is a technology that can replicate human intelligence over a range of activities.

3. Many job will be enhance by AI, many will disappeared and many new, as yet unknown jobs,
will be creating. (4 mistakes)

Many jobs will be enhanced by AI, many will disappear and many new, as yet unknown jobs, will
be created.

4. Scienti cs at AI Research developing there own thinking robot, call Hal. (4 mistakes)

Scientists at AI Research are developing their own thinking robot, called Hal.

• Complete the sentences below by selecting the most appropriate connector for each one.
1. Even though some intensely dislike the advent of AI, the reality is that it will positively and
materially change how we engage with the world around us.

2. Rather than undermining people, some believe AI will reinforce their role in driving business
growth.

3. In addition to changing how work is done by both people and computers, AI is also modifying
how organizations interact with consumers.

4. AI is ourishing thanks to the rise of low-cost cloud services, inexpensive storage, and other
related technological innovations.

5. Some people fear that AI will supplant humans whereas others believe it will enable us to do
more exceptional work.

Module 3
• Why are companies particularly worried about their employees under lockdown? Because
employees who are not under supervision might be leaking or stealing sensitive data.

•  What does the writer predict will happen to the cyber security industry? It will see the turnover
of the data loss prevention market increase by over 200% in the next ve years.

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• How do newer data protection groups alert employers to unusual activity? They detect when
data is being accessed by analysing the behaviour they observe.

• What kind of intellectual property are people trying to steal during the pandemic? Human
resources data and client lists.

• What, in particular, has increased during the pandemic? More foreign spies are being recruited
online than face-to-face.

• What problem does Greg Barbaccia highlight? He says that the threat to companies from their
own employees is a cultural human problem. 

• What are executives at Strider Technologies monitoring? Economic espionnage

• According to the article, intellectual property theft and espionage on behalf of foreign
governments is currently a very recurrent and widespread problem. Faux

• Pick the odd one out. McAfee

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
1. A declaration of an intention to in ict harm in retaliation for something: threat

2. A lockdown is a security measure taken to prevent people from leaving or entering a location.

3. If it was done unintentionally, it means that it was not done in a deliberate way.

4. A thing made for a particular purpose especially a mechanical or electrical one. device

5. Someone's action, reaction, or way of conducting themselves under normal or speci ed

circumstances behaviour

6. If something is anomalous,  it deviates from the common order.

7. An infraction or violation, as of a law, trust, faith, or promise. breach

8. A grudge is a feeling of ill will or resentment.

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions.
1. If someone is described as malicious they are intentionally spiteful or harmful.

2. Something that is hazardous can be described as risky.

3. An adjective use to describe a person who is obnoxious or weird: creepy

4. If something is heightened, it means that it is intensi ed in some way.

5. An adjective meaning quick, energetic and active: brisk

6. Beginning to develop: nascent

7. Having or showing realization, perception, or knowledge of something: aware

8. Something that is agreeable or acceptable can be described as: palatable

• Match the following verbs from the text with their corresponding de nitions.
ramp up to increase the e ort involved in a process

groom to prepare for a position

leak to allow information to become known

wield to use something e ectively and actively

deploy to spread out strategically

spring up to appear suddenly or be released

wrestle to struggle to control something

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
1. A two-to-three-word expression meaning in the manner of a person or organization exercising
total control over people's lives: Big Brother-style

2. A four-word expression meaning multiples sequences of redundancies: waves of job cuts

3. A two-word expression meaning to analyze information: crunch data

4. A two-word expression referring to the act of illegally copying or taking information from a
business or other individuals: data theft

5. A three-word expression meaning about to increase very quickly in amount or degree: set to
balloon

6. A two-word expression referring to security dangers that originate from within the organization
being attacked or targeted: insider threats

• Using the paragraph indications to help you, match the collocations from the article with their
corresponding de nitions.
Trigger a backlash Provoke a strong reaction against something.

Growing at a clip Develop in a particular interval or span of time.

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 Thrust into the spotlight To project someone or something into the center of something or some
place with sudden force.

Demand is outstripping supply When the need for something is greater than its availability.

Internal actors People who operate within the organization.

Place the onus on Make someone bear the responsibility of something.

• Match the words from the article with their respective synonyms.
grave serious

watchful attentive

brisk busy

visibility clarity

encompass include

detect spot

insight vision

heightened elevated

recruitment hiring

adversary rival

• Match the words from the article with their respective antonyms.
better worse

valuable worthless

ramp up reduce

adversary rival

brisk sluggish

disgruntled satis ed

encompass alienate

rave insigni ant

balloon shrink

anomalous regular

• Complete the text below by lling in each gap with the most appropriate preposition.
A group of former employees of a social media company who watched in shock as a hack

compromised the accounts of some of the most prominent people on the social network, are

among those trying to gure out how an attack of such proportions could have happened.

As they conduct their investigation, the former employees, including some who were members of
the

social company's security team, are attempting to reconstruct the events leading up to the

takeovers based on their knowledge of the social network's internal protocols and technical
systems.

• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given word in CAPITALS.
1. As our tech gets more advanced, unfortunately, so do the tactics of cyber thieves. THEFT

2. Cloud migration comes with a set of unique cybersecurity challenges. MIGRATE

3. The latest statistics show that the employability of job seekers is clearly enhanced if they have
skills enabling them to work in cyber security. EMPLOY

4. Computer viruses threaten the networks they infect. THREAT

5. She graduated with a degree in cybersecurity analytics and landed her rst job straight away
with a major corporation. ANALYSIS

6. The specialist's comments concerning the vulnerability of our network to cybersecurity attacks
were extremely insightful. INSIGHT

7. According to political analysts, there is an increasing involvement of nation-states in

ransomware attacks. INVOLVE

• ACTIVE to PASSIVE: Put the underlined verbs into the passive voice to complete the sentences.
1. The danger is that employees might share private data outside of workplace networks.

Passive Voice: The danger is that private data might be shared outside of workplace networks by
employees.

2. Certain tools can detect and block the ex ltration of sensitive data automatically.

Passive Voice: The ex ltration of sensitive data can be detected and blocked by certain tools.

3. Some groups are exploiting behavioural analysis of data.

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 Passive Voice: Behavioural analysis of data is being exploited by some groups.

4. Demand is outstripping supply in the data analysis market.

Passive Voice: Supply is being outstripped by demand in the data analysis market.

5. They have recruited more foreign spies during lockdown than ever before.

Passive Voice: More foreign spies have been recruited during lockdown than ever before.

• The sentences below contain a number of deliberate mistakes. Rewrite the sentences correctly
in the space provided.
With cyber crime on the raise, protect sensitive datas and vulnerable institution and businesses
have never been more important. (5 mistakes)

With cyber crime on the rise, protecting sensitive data and vulnerable institutions and businesses
has never been more important.

Cyber security are central to national security and play a important role in ensure that the country
is safe place to do business in. (5 mistakes)

Cyber security is central to national security and plays an important role in ensuring that the
country is a safe place to do business in.

• Complete the sentences below by selecting the most appropriate connector for each one.
1. US intelligence agencies attributed the hack to Russian state actors. Moscow however has
denied any involvement.

2. Taking into account the current context, it is great to see the priority that the new administration
is giving to cyber security.

3. In certain sectors the risk of data breach is minimal whereas in others it is a major and ever-
increasing concern.

4. Cyber security needs to be proactive rather than reactive.

5. Although they are often used interchangeably, there is a di erence between the terms
cybersecurity and information security.

6. Despite being insured against cyberattacks, the rm refused to pay.

Module 4
• What is the situation with companies like Amazon when it comes to shipment? They rely on very
large and polluting logistics. They value their e ciency more than pollution reduction.

• In what ways does "Precycling" di er from Recycling? Precycling aims to reduce the production
of future garbage.

• How much plastic has actually been recycled on our planet so far? Key in the quantity in full
letters. nine percent

• Who is responsible for most of the carbon dioxyde emissions on the globe? Big companies

• According to the text, what milestone did 2016 mark? The delivery business became more
polluting than power plants.

• In the sentence "She began to take the abundances of convenient living for granted," the
expression 'take for granted' means to accept something as if it were totally normal. Vrai

• Choose the correct option. Precycle is a business and Precycling is a process.

• How did Katarina Bogatireva become so environmentally conscious? By seeing the di erence
between a country in the former Soviet Union and the United States.

• What did cities such as Washington DC and San Francisco do in order to reduce plastic waste?
They banned plastic straws and styrofoam.

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
1. An extremely large, indeterminate number: zillion

2. The act of disclosing something: revelation

3. Material of some unspeci ed kind: stu 

4. A supporter, follower or someone a liated to a group: adherent

5. The act of repeating something: iteration

6. A low area built up from deposits of solid refuse in layers covered by soil: land ll
7. A feeling of ill will or resentment: grudge
8. Deviating from or in consistent with the common order: anomalous

9. Anything worthless, useless, or discarded: trash

• Match the de nitions below with their corresponding words from the text.

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 forefront position of greatest importance or prominence
intersection the point where two things meet

bulk in large amounts


pitch persuasive argument used in selling

weight the amount or quantity of heaviness or mass

sealed closed hermetically


carry have in stock and ready for sale

kale a cabbagelike cultivated plant used as a vegetable

dairy products derived from milk such as yoghurt, cheese, cream or butter

jar a cylindrical container made of glass or earthenware

• Match the following verbs from the text with their corresponding elements.
release let go

spread extend over an area or period

overtake catch up with and pass

ban prohibit, forbid or bar

wrap enclose in something

strive exert oneself vigorously

roll out make available for rst time

point out direct attention to

sprout up appear suddenly

downsize reduce in number

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
1. A four-word expression meaning a series of negative opinions given by a large group of people
at the same time : a chorus of complaints

2. A two-word expression meaning an assemblage of ordinary people: grassroots group

3. A two-word expression meaning a growing new sector empowered by consumers: convenience

economy

4. A three-word expression meaning a noteworthy happening that is decisive: a de ning event

5. A three-word expression meaning a quantity that is overwhelming by its size: a staggering

amount

6. A two-word expression meaning an all-inclusive enumeration: comprehensive count

7. A two-word expression meaning the harsh or grim truth: bleak realities

8. A two-word expression referring toa large open carryall with two handles, often made of strong
cloth: tote bag

• Using the paragraph indications to help you, match the collocations from the article with their
corresponding de nitions.
1. a damning report (¶6) evidence suggesting guilt or error

2. a clever gimmick (¶10) something that ingeniously tricks or deceives

3. high-maintenance (¶16) requiring a large amount of attention

4. a bittersweet moment (¶20) an experience that is both happy and regretful 


5. liberal enclaves (¶22) distinct groups of people with progressive values

6. a certi able trend (¶22) a con rmed tendency

7. a drop in the bucket (¶23) an insigni cant amount that makes no di erence

• Match the words from the article with their respective synonyms.
daunting intimidating

complaint grievance

nasty unpleasant

frugal thrifty

mounting growing

prevent impide

overconsumption depletion

abundance plenty

goal aim

bleak grim

echo repeat

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• Match the words from the article with their respective antonyms.
complaint approval

prevent facilitate

bleak bright

adhere disregard

complicated simple

scarce plentiful

supply demand

current former

lie falsehood

• Complete the text below by lling in each gap with the most appropriate preposition.
The last decades have witnessed unprecedented growth in demand for raw materials,

driven by the rapid industrialisation of emerging economies and continued high


levels of material consumption in developing countries.

Current trends of population and economic growth put a massive strain

on the earth’s natural resources and the environment.


This has drawn increasing attention to issues relating to resource e ciency, waste

and material management policies as well as strategies promoting the circular economy.

Waste is a byproduct of almost every process on Earth, and dealing with all of

what we produce in an e cient and e ective manner can be di cult. Managing it requires an
incredible amount of coordination and e ort from private companies, governments and regulators
alike.

• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given word in CAPITALS.
1. In the developing world, recycling provides a livelihood for hundreds of millions of people
LIVELY

2. One single recycling company handles most of the household rubbish from both the inner city
and suburban areas. HOUSE

3. More and more people are making a zero-waste commitment on social media. COMMIT

4. Not everyone in the apartment was supportive of her zero-waste lifestyle. SUPPORT

5. A zero-waste program was established at the university campus in response to student

concern over environmental management issues. ENVIRONMENT

6. awareness and training is another primary element of a successful zero waste strategy. AWARE

7. Modern society has a disposable mentality when it comes to products and packaging.
DISPOSE

8. Zero waste is the only way for organizations to gain sustainable programs. SUSTAIN

• ACTIVE to PASSIVE: Put the underlined verbs into the passive voice to complete the sentences.
1. They loaded the waste onto trucks that were headed for the city's land ll. Passive Voice: The
waste was loaded onto trucks that were headed for the city's land ll.

2. Residents have already separated out anything that is recyclable or biodegradable.

Passive Voice: Anything that is recyclable or biodegradable has already been separated out by
residents.

3. They could have recycled 70% of the material going into the land ll. Passive Voice: 70% of the
material going into the land ll could have been recycled .

4. British retailers will triple the amount of recycled material in packaging as of 2020.

Passive Voice: The amount of recycled material in packaging will be tripled by British retailers as
of 2020

5. They are turning biowaste into high-quality gardening compost.

Passive Voice: Biowaste is being turned into high-quality gardening compost.

6. To allow them to deal with the problem of waste, they must build infrastructure.

Passive Voice: Infrastructure must be built to allow them to deal with the problem of waste.

• The sentences below contain a number of deliberate mistakes. Rewrite the sentences correctly
in the space provided.
1. Some of the biggest saving in waste comes not through diversion, but through preventing. (3
mistakes)

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 Some of the biggest savings in waste come not through diversion, but through prevention.

2. Garbage dispose costs have rose by 30 percent over the past 5 years as more organizations
that ever is driven to seek savings by reducing waste. (4 mistakes)

Garbage disposal costs have risen by 30 percent over the past 5 years or so as more
organizations than ever are driven to seek savings by reducing waste.

3. Pursue a zero waste business model is not easy, especial if a company have multiple site
across a number of country. (5 mistakes)

Pursuing a zero waste business model is not easy, especially if a company has multiple sites
across a number of country.

• Complete the sentences below by selecting the most appropriate connector for each one.
1. In emerging countries recycling is often a pro table pursuit for those involved,

whereas in more developed economies it usually costs residents money.

2. Although there is little doubt that recycling is good for the environment,

the economic downturn has made this more complicated for many local communities to respect
their green engagements.

3. In addition to door-to-door collection, the city has two household waste recycling centres

where citizens can dispose of their rubbish.

4. Zero waste creates local jobs and businesses while o ering major corporations a way of

increasing their e ciency.

5. Despite the obvious long-term advantages, the recycling plant project was turned down.

6. In order to get the whole community's support for the zero-waste initiative, the local
government has implemented a costly advertising campaign.

Module 5
• What was Airbnb's reaction to Donald Trump's immigration ban? They strongly disagreed with it
and contested it through PR.

• What could this sentence "The phrase 'conscious capitalism' has always seemed like
something of an oxymoron." mean? Associating consciousness with capitalism could seem
contradictory.

• What led to the creation of "Conscious Capitalism »? Global warming, Far-right politics,
Inequalities in wealth, Inequalities in power

• Match the di erent actors below with the issues they seek to address

Black Lives Matter social and racial issues

The Talk social and racial issues

Greta Thunberg environmental issues

Bank Australia unethical investment issues

• According to the article, what is wrong with most banks nowadays? They are not transparent
enough as regards to their investments. They invest their customers' money in shady activities.

• Most Baby-Boomers are willing to pay more in order to promote conscious businesses. Faux

• According to the article, select the statements that are true. Millennials are more ethically
minded and express their values more when shopping than their parents. Wealth inequality is
one element causing people to ght for what they believe in. Millennials have had an important
impact on business models. Many parents are in uenced by their millennial children.

• Which of the following statements characterize the Conscious Capitalism movement? It

involves more than just making pro t. It aims to change society.

• According to research, what are three quarters of Millennials willing to do? Pay more for goods
and services that they believe are not harming the planet or people.

• Regular businesses can actually make money out of Conscious Capitalism. Vrai

• Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
1. To transfer from one place, position, person, to another: shift

2. A large crowd of human beings, especially in motion: droves

3. To o er as a special attraction: feature

4. To arrange or do in order of importance: prioritise

5. A locution that produces a seemingly self-contradictory e ect: oxymoron

6. A concerted stopping of work to compel an employer to accede to workers' demands or in

protest against terms or conditions imposed by an employer. strike

7. The common or ordinary people: grassroots

8. To give de nite form, organization, or character to: shape

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 • Match the words from the text with their corresponding de nitions below.
1. A task or goal requiring much e ort to accomplish or achieve: struggle

2. Anything used against an opponent, adversary, or victim: weapon

3. A latent excellence or ability that may or may not be developed: potential

4. Openness to attack or hurt, either physically or in other ways: vulnerability

5. Adherence to moral and ethical principles: integrity

6. Mental, moral or physical power or force: strength

7. Pertaining to a system that maintains its own viability by using techniques that allow for
continual reuse: sustainable

8. An unexpected or incidental e ect, outcome, or product: fallout

• Using the paragraph indications and de nitions given, nd the collocations and expressions in
the article.
1. A three-word collocation meaning one of the big P2P players : sharing economy giant (§2)

2. A two-word collocation meaning a reaction that has a powerful and irresistible e ect:
compelling response (§4)

3. A three-word collocation referring to Gen Y's who are aware of being part of an interrelated
community of others: socially conscious millennials (§5)

4. A phrasal verb meaning to unite or assemble in support of someone or something: rallying

around (§5)

5. A six-word verb phrase meaning to put something at the center of attention: has shone a
powerful light on (§6)

6. A four-word verb phrase meaning to demonstrate against or for something: took to the streets
(§6)

7. A two-word collocation meaning increase people's understanding of speci c issues: raise

awareness (§7)

8. A four-word verbal phrase meaning to encourage a worldwide exchange of ideas or opinions

about a particular issue: driving a global conversation (§7)

• Using the paragraph indications, match the de nitions given with their corresponding
expressions from the article.
1. A two-word collocation referring to systems in place that perpetuate racial injustice: systemic
racism

2. A ve-word verbal phrase meaning to nourish the disintegration of belief in someone or

something: fuelling the breakdown in trust

3. A two-word collocation meaning the application of moral principles in a given situation: ethical
behaviour

4. A four-word noun phrase referring to a feeling that someone or something is not honest: a lack
of trust

5. A phrasal verb meaning to start to understand a situation or fact: wishing up

6. A three-word collocation meaning a spreading, pervasive, and usually unintentional in uence: a

ripple e ect

7. A three-word expression meaning to create a situation in which it is easier for someone to do

something or something to happen: pave the way

8. A two-word collocation meaning a very convincing gauge or means of measuring something:

powerful barometer

• Match the words from the article with their respective synonyms.
challenge contest

shift move

impact e ect

alternative option

giant behemoth

ban forbid

ensure safeguard

diverse di erent

strength toughness

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 • Match the words from the article with their respective antonyms.
rise fall

integrity dishonesty

embrace reject

value criticize

raise lower

transparent opaque

serious trivial

increase reduce

di erent similar

• Complete the text below by lling in each gap with the most appropriate preposition.
Conscious capitalism is a way of thinking about capitalism and business that better

re ects where we are in the human journey, the state of our world today, and the

innate potential of business to make a positive impact on our planet.

Based on voluntary exchange, conscious capitalism lifts people out of poverty

and creates prosperity.

Conscious businesses are galvanized by higher purposes that serve, align, and

integrate the interests of all their major stakeholders.

• Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given word in CAPITALS.
1. It is so important for every business leader to consider how diversity and ethics

in business a ect success. DIVERSE

2. Firms were selected on a number of criteria, including their work with charities,

the willingness of their employees to volunteer their time, and their environmental activities.
WILLING

3. Entrepreneurs and politicians alike are currently rethinking the ethical dilemmas of globalization.
POLITICS – GLOBAL

4. It is also about strengthening governance and ghting corruption to foster

sustainable and inclusive economic growth. STRENGTH – INCLUDE

• ACTIVE to PASSIVE: Put the underlined verbs into the passive voice to complete the sentences.
1. Conscious Capitalism, Inc. supports a global community of business leaders.

Passive Voice: A global community of business leaders is supported by Conscious Capitalism,

Inc.

2. Conscious capitalism-driven companies are increasingly setting more wide-ranging priorities.

Passive Voice: More wide-ranging priorities are increasingly being set by conscious capitalism-
driven companies.

3. John Mackey and Raj Sisodia created the socially responsible economic and political
philosophy.

Passive Voice: The socially responsible economic and political philosophy was created by John
Mackey and Raj Sisodia.

4. Business leaders and governments have perpetuated heartless, soulless capitalism since the
Industrial Revolution.

Passive Voice: Heartless, soulless capitalism has been perpetuated by business leaders and
governments since the Industrial Revolution

5. The New Jersey supplier was selling ve new products to the company.

Passive Voice: Five new products were being sold to the company by New Jersey supplier.

6. Patagonia Founder Yvon Chouinard has built one of the most well-known conscious companies
in the world.

Passive Voice: One of the most well-known conscious companies in the world has been built by
Patagonia Founder Yvon Chouinard

• The sentences below contain a number of deliberate mistakes. Rewrite the sentences correctly
in the space provided.
Conscious businesses will to help evolve our world so that billion of people can ourished. (3
mistakes)

Conscious businesses will help evolve our world so that billions of people can ourish

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 Conscious capitalism is a socially responsable economical and politic philosophy create by John
Mackey and Raj Sisodia. (4 mistakes)

Conscious capitalism is a socially responsible economic and political philosophy created by John
Mackey and Raj Sisodia.

Conscious capitalism do not minimizes pro t-seeking but encourage the assimilation of all
common interest into the company's businesses plan. (5 mistakes)

Conscious capitalism does not minimize pro t-seeking but encourages the assimilation of all
common interests into the company's business plan.

• Complete the sentences below by selecting the most appropriate connector for each one from
the list.
1. It seems ironic to put the word “conscious” and “capitalism” together however this new
movement

is sweeping the world and resulting in a much needed shift in the way we do business.

2. In addition to causing a toxic workplace, harassment can cause employees

to leave the company prematurely — a reason why some businesses lack diversity.

3. Although ethical stands can sometimes have a high cost, companies like Costco

and Chipotle demonstrate that ethics can pay o in business.

4. Despite all of the bene ts, it is important to note that several drawbacks

exist when it comes to implementing the purpose over pro t credo.

5. Sharassment is one of the key ethical issues. Moreover, discrimination based on race,

ethnicity, cultural orientation, unequal pay are common types of practices in businesses.

______________________________Listening Activities_________________________________________________

Module 1
• People are selling goods on boats because ... There are no other infrastructures.

• Makoko is situated in Lagos, in Liberia Faux

• Which expression are synonymous with "shantytown"? slum, skid row

• In the expression "business synergy", the word synergy does not correspond to... division

• Who is Ogandiro? A sh smoker

• Where does the sh come from ? The North sea

• Where is the sh frozen? In the North Sea

• Where is the sh prepared for consumption? Lagos

• Where is it smoked? In Makoko

• What is "Olusosun" The largest garbage dump in Lagos

• How many people work in Olunsosun? Key in the number in full letters. two thousand

• How long did Andrew Saboru work as a scavenger ? Key in the number in full letters. sixteen
years

• What does "scavenging" mean? Salvaging garbage in order to make a pro t

• What does Andrew Saboru currently do for a living? He is a scrap dealer

• Does he earn more than the minimum Nigerian wage ? Yes, in fact he earns twice the amount.

• According to Robert Neuwirth, what is "System D" often assimilated with? An informal
economy, An underground economy, The black market

• Which of the "traditional expressions" does Robert Neuwirth rule out? Underground economy

• What does Robert mean when he says that "he pirated the term System D" He appropriated the
term for himself.

• Where does the expression "System D" come from? The French language., It was a colonial
expression.

• "System D" is self-reliable. Vrai

• The DIY economy and System D economy are interchangeable expressions here. Vrai

• The acronym DIY stands for...


Key in each word separately in the spaces provided below. do it yourself

• Governments in general like the DIY economy. Faux

• Pick out the true statements. Developed nations are primarily focused on the luxury economy.,
The DIY economy is based on self-reliability.

• How much does the luxury economy generate each year ? Key in the amount in full letters. one
point ve trillion dollars

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 • Globally, how many workers operate outside of the formal economy? Approximately 66%, Two
thirds

• Governments tend to like the luxury economy. Vrai

• How many people work in the informal economy? Key in the number in full letters. one point
eight billion

• What does Robert Neuwirth say could happen to the informal economy in a near future? It could
overtake the formal economy., It could become the world's rst economy.

• What would allow the informal economy to surpass the formal economy? The emergence of
developing countries.

• The informal economy is able to make its actors succeed and thrive. Vrai

• Can the informal economy model be seen as an opportunity to create a more egalitarian world?
Yes, it could bring more equality.

• Big business is interested in the informal economy? Vrai

• In what way are some major corporations operating within the informal economy? They are
using it as a whole di erent market.

• Which company operating within the informal economy is given as an example? UAC foods

• Formal economy companies operating within the system D model can be successful. Vrai

• Proctor and Gamble's biggest single client is... Walmart

• What is Proctor and Gamble's biggest market segment? The informal economy

• Does Proctor and Gamble see the informal economy in a negative light? No, they don't care
about who sells their products as long as they are being sold.

• What is MTN? A South African multinational active in 25 countries., A mobile provider based in
Africa.

• So many companies try to penetrate the Nigerian market due to the fact that... Nigerians make
up for one person out of seven across the whole continent., Nigeri is a rapidly developing
country.

• MTN managed to penetrate the Nigerian market rst. Faux

• What was MTN's initial mistake concerning the Nigerian market? They treated an informal
economy as a formal economy.

• In the context of the video, what does "piracy" mean? Imitating a brand without having the right
to do so.

• According to the video, big companies actually nd a commercial advantage to piracy. Vrai

• Piracy can be seen as an advantage by some major brand names as It can be used as a cheap
and e ective market research platform., The consumers of pirated products wouldn't be their
clients in a rst place.

• Is tracking piracy important for big companies? Yes, as it tells them if they are on the right track
or not when it comes to their products.

• An informal economy agent always pays taxes. Faux

• Are actors in the informal economy the only ones not paying their due taxes? No, it is well
known that many major companies across the globe practice tax evasion.

• Which mainstream corporation, mentioned in the video, was caught defrauding the taxman?
Siemens

Module 2
• What does the acronym AI stand for ? Arti cial Intelligence

• Match the colors below with their respective meanings. White → O ine, Blue → Distracted, Red
→ Deeply focused

• “Doze o ” is closest in meaning to Fall asleep

• In the order the adjectives are pronounced "if you are itchy or just a little dgety" corresponds to
Irritated or impatient

• How does the teacher monitor the students? through their grades, by watching them, with a
headband, with video surveillance

• This technology is e ective from a grading perspective. Vrai

• What does EEG stand for ? Electro Ecephalo Graphy

• Who is Theodore Zanto? A neural scientist

• AI values private data protection. Faux

• What does "make an assessment" mean? To carry out an evaluation, To test someone

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 • In the context of the video, in "make an assessment of an individual student, you really can't
anatomize it", what does "anatomize" mean? To analyze something in detail, To study
something

• What is parental consent? Parental approbation

• When you "enroll someone" you ... Make that person join your group, Enlist someone

• Chinese netizens embrace this technology. Faux

• The Chinese government can access the data collected from the students. Vrai

• The AI device's liability is proven. Vrai

• What is a « glimpse"? A preview , A sneak-peek

• All of the students seen in the video agree with these methods. Faux

• Is AI technology fully mastered? No, more research is needed.

• The journalist at the end of the video shows that he is totally convinced by what he has seen.
Faux

• Match the following words from the video with the respective synonyms.
data → information

measure → quantify

boost → amplify

network → grid

susceptible → sensitive

properly → correctly

assignments → homework

gadgets → apparatus

enthusiastic → keen

focused → attentive

• Match the following words from the video with the respective antonyms.
susceptible indi erent

curious indi erent

exclusive shared

apparent unclear

new outdated

leader follower

focused distracted

arti cial organic

raise lower

Module 3
• What happens when your computer gets „hijacked“? It gets hacked.

• What does the sentence "hackers are making a killing from secret payments by major
companies" imply ? It implies that they are extorting vast amounts of money., It implies that they
are blackmailing many major companies.

• Key in the dilemma that the businesses who fall victim to hijackers are facing? (six words) to
pay or not to pay

• What was the message the hackers left? (9 words) pay us or you will be locked out forever

• What is the name of the company that got hacked? Norsk Hydro

• How many sites were a ected? one hundred and seventy

• How many employees does this company have? thirty- ve thousand

• What did the employees use instead of computers? (3 words) pen and paper

• The company managed to keep its operations running Vrai

• What did Olav do in order to keep operating? He tapped into the experience of retired former
employees., He searched for old written logs and archives in order to use them.

• Key in the number of countries and PCs a ected by the attack in full letters? forty ; twenty-two
thousand

• Which ransomware was involved in the company's attack? LockerGoga

• Which ransomware was involved in the attack on the NHS? WannaCry

• What is Jo De Vliegher's occupation? He works for the company that was attacked.

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 • What is Jo De Vliegher's take on this type of ransom? He'd never pay one as he thinks they
nance other criminal activities.

• Where is Coveware based? Connecticut, United States

• What is it Coveware? A company specialised in negotiating with hackers.

• What does the sentence "They’re understandably cagey about which companies are using their
service" imply? They value their clients' secrecy.

• Coveware works with major corporations Vrai

• What is Coveware's primary objective? To reduce the amount of the ransom., To possibly get
the ransom cancelled.

• What is meant by the "seven gures" Bill talks about? He is talking about amounts of money
equal to or in excess of $1,000,000

• How does Bill feel about the ransoms?He thinks that depending on the company the

data could be worth paying for.

• Match the following words from the video with the respective synonyms.
trust → faith

cagey → cunning

outcome → consequence

target → aim at

negotiation → parley

skills → expertise

tempting → enticing

murky → dubious

extortion → blackmail

• Match the following words from the video with the respective antonyms.
restore - erase

cagey - naive

murky - moral

skills - aws

infamous - reputable

a ected - untouched

rumour - fact

Module 4
• 3,100 miles represents the distance between... the state of Florida and Washington state

• In the video, what is the image they use for the amount of urban waste produced? A line of
garbage trucks

• "Some cities such San Francisco are paving the way". Select the equivalent expressions for
« are paving the way » are taking the rst steps., are leading the way.

• According to the video, when was San Francisco projected to become a "Zero Waste" city? Key
in the number of the long form in full letters two thousand and twenty

• What is the company's name? Recology

• Who is Robert Reed? An employee at Recology.

• When this report was made, how long had Robert Reed been working for the company? Key in
the your answer in full letters paying attention to syntax and punctuation. He had been working
there for twenty-three years

• How does Robert describe "Zero Waste“? He says it is like a philosophy enticing people to
make e orts in order to send less garbage to land lls and incinerators.

• How has the company evolved in the last 23 years? It has doubled its e ciency, It has raised its
recycling rate above 76%

• How have o cials helped San Francisco become a "Zero Waste" city? They passed a law
requiring people to sort and compost their waste., They have a contract with a private company
that handles the recycling process.

• When were the Zero Waste City measures rst applied? Key in the number in full letters two
thousand and nine

• Has San Francisco been successful so far?... Yes, it has managed to redirect 80% of its waste
away from land lls.

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 • San Francisco's success has a global reach Vrai

• Where is Daniel Andersen from? Denmark

• What did Daniel Andersen say about his homeland? They are used to incinerating more

than anything., He wants to bring composting there.

• Fill in the gaps with the appropriate elements from the video to learn more about composting in
San Francisco. ... six hundred and fty - tons, food scraps - yard trimmings, other organic waste
- day

• How many people are there on earth according to the video? seven billion

• What is implied when Robert Reed alludes to the Californian culture? The fact that people move
quickly makes them careless when it comes to sorting their waste.

• Does composting produce greenhouse gases? Yes, but they can be ltered out.

• How long does it take to produce and market the compost? Sixty days

• Select the advantages of composting that are mentioned in the video. Reduces greenhouse
gases, Highly nutritive, Retains more water, Reduces the amount of waste sent to land lls

• What do people think about the initiative? They had yet to see environmental solutions up until
now and they are glad.

• How many vineyards have received the compost so far? three hundred

• Match the following words from the video with the respective synonyms.
lip- ops → footwear

ambitious → enterprising

process → transform

goal → aim

implement → enforce

replicate → imitate

retain → hold

problem → issue

management → handling

• Match the following words from the video with the respective antonyms.
potent weak

next former

awesome unimpressive

retain lose

organic arti cial

receive dispatch

attention disregard

solution issue

quick slow

Module 5
• Regent Street is in the heart of London’s West End

• What are companies trying to do nowadays? Shift away from their pro t-centered model., Set
wider priorities.

• Who's Who? Match the people below with their corresponding place of work :

Andrew Hill Financial times


John Mackey Whole Foods Market

David Lockwood Neal’s Yard Diary

Alistair Alcock University of Birmingham

• How many employees does John Mackey have? eighty thousand

• How long did John Mackey take to go from a single store to where he is today? thirty- ve years

• What is the annual volume of business made by John Mackey's rm? 12,000,000,000

• How many key tenets are there according to John Mackey? four

• What are the key tenets? Have a higher purpose., Distribute created value to every actor of the
business., Develop an organizational culture., Have a style of leadership in accordance with the
other tenets.

• Conscious Capitalism is a brand new idea. Faux

• How does John Mackey feel about the application of this new doctrine? It is quite di cult for
businesses to implement.

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 • What is the standard business model? The pro t-centered business model.

• Which businesses are more prone to shift to a conscious business model? Small businesses

• Neil's Yard Dairy was founded in 1979


David Lockwood is the _________________ of Neal Yard's Dairy. Managing Director

• How much cheese does the dairy sell nowadays? ve hundred and fty tons

• What was the problem with one of the suppliers working with Neil's Yard Dairy? Their products
were substandard.

• How did Neil's Yard Dairy react towards the supplier? They helped their supplier recover.

• From what we learn in the video Neal Yard's Dairy's attitude towards their business partners can
be described as strategic, cooperative, concerned

• Neil's Yard Dairy acted accordingly to the Conscious Capitalism key tenets. Vrai

• Alistair Alcock occupies which of the following roles? Deputy Vice Chancellor

• According to Alistair Alcock, adhering to CSR principles gives larger corporations less leverage.
Faux

• What is Andrew Gerrie's take on conscious capitalism? He thinks that there can be no
conscious capitalism if there is no pro t.

• Small businesses and startup have less maneuverability than other companies when it comes to
purpose over pro t principles. Faux

• Match the following words from the video with the respective synonyms.
in vogue popular

strain category

roughly approximately

reduce lessen

beyond farther

purpose motive

espouse adopt

ourish thrive

tenet dogma

pursue follow

ethos principles

• Match the following words from the video with the respective antonyms.
supplier buyer

espouse reject

ourish wane

specialize standardize

wide narrow

interdependent unrelated

momentum stagnation

pro t loss

strengthen weaken

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