Senior High School

Personal
Development
Quarter 2 - Module 2
Social Relationships in Middle
and Late Adolescents

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Personal Development
Self Learning Module
Quarter 2 - Module 2: Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescents
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

ii
 Senior
Senior High
High School
School

Personal
Development
Quarter 2 - Module 2:
Social Relationships in Middle and
Late Adolescents

iii
What This Module is About

This module focuses on the different relationships you as a middle or late

adolescent engage with and how these relationships affect your personal being. In
distinguishing these relationships, you may see that there is more from the family
you come from, the friends you have been with for quiet sometime and to the society
where you first belong. Thus, these relationships involved roles that you as an
adolescent find yourself as the one taking charge or the one following the
instructions. Whatever it maybe, the you must know how you are influencing the
people around you.
Another take of this module is on your personal perception and how others
see you. Perceptions play a great part of how you take on and handle relationships.
As a goal, you must recognize your own perceptions so as to accept or disregard
others’ perceptions about you.
Lastly, upon learning relationships and the perceptions of the self at this stage
of life, you as an adolescent can observe now how our own culture deals and takes
on different relationships.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they
can influence people through their leadership or followership
(EsP-PD11/12SR-IIb- 10.1);
2. compare one’s perception of himself/herself and how others see him/her
(EsP-PD11/12SR-IIc- 10.2); and
3. conduct a mini-survey on Filipino relationships (family, school, and community)
(EsP-PD11/12SR-IIc- 10.3)

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 What I Know
Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the correct answer from the given choices.

1. These are relationships depending on the degree of intimacy that a person

offers to other people.
A. interpersonal relationship B. intrapersonal relationships
C. personal relationships D. social relationships

2. An individual has __________ to represent as he builds and commits into

relationships.
A. job B. mask
C. roles D. work

3. These are the people who create and implement the laws of the land.
A.
4. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

4. They are the people who promote ethical behavior, responsible personal
decisions and social justice.
5. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

5. This is the ability of a person in authority to guide others to achieve certain

organizational goals.
6. A. guidance B. instruct
C. followership D. leadership

6. The impact of a person to another person which causes him to change his
behavior as convinced by the influencer.
7. A. personal relationships B. followership
C. leadership D. social influence

7. The idea about the kind of person someone is.

A. concept B. perception
C. self-perception D. self-esteem

8. It is the person’s awareness or thinking about himself.

A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

9. These are the specific evaluations or judgements a person creates about the
self-concept.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

2
10. This is developed through experience which is about the person’s extent of
seeing himself as an effective individual.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence
11. These are guide to man’s behaviors and actions as they relate with others in
most situations in life.
A. beliefs B. philosophies
C. principles D. values

12. The time when an individual is changing from a child to an adult.

A. adolescence B. adulthood
C. middle adulthood D. adult

13. One of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite and
accommodating to other people.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

14. A sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with to repay the
one who has done a favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

15. The spirit of communal unity and cooperation.one who has done a favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

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 Lesson
The Various Roles of Different Individuals in the

1 Society and How They Can Influence People

Through Their Leadership of Followership

What’s New?

ACTIVITY 1

In here, you are tasked to review how you think and act considering some
factors (parents, peers, culture, and society) that affect you. In most cases, how
does each factor affect your thoughts and action? Provide a course of action or
decision with short explanation relevant to your own experience.

Scenarios:
1. Choosing your strand/track to take in studying.
2. Joining a club or organization inside and outside school.
3. The way you dress or your clothing style.

PARENTS PEERS

COMMUNITY SOCIETY

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 What is it?

INPUT 1

As you grow up, you get to know people and build relationships by which you
have first had with your family. As human persons, it is expected that you build
relationships or social relationships by which also affect the way you think, decide
and even act on certain things.
Hence, adolescence is a crucial part of your development as a person and
there different factors or in this matter, called as social relationships that influence
you. Social relationships are your interactions with other people. These kind of
relationships vary from the “degree of intimacy and vulnerability you offer to other
people so as to cooperate and achieve a certain objective.”
There are four (4) main types of relationships that influence you as an
adolescent: (1) Parents, (2) Peers, (3) Community and (4) Society. However, these
factors are shaped by culture. Culture can have a positive or negative effect on your
development.
Now, as you commit into social relationships, you also have various roles to
represent. In the society, you can be someone based on a social situation that you
decide to take. This is what we call as role(s), as of the following:
 Political leaders

 these are the people who create and

implement the laws of the land. They
are the role models through which
we follow the laws.

 Religious leaders

-- - these are the individuals who guide

their followers according to their
faith. They are keepers of religious
traditions and are also moral leaders.

 Teachers

 they are the educators of young

minds. They impart knowledge to the
young generation to become the next
generation of leaders.

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  Children

 they are the ones that need to be

cared more and ensured that they
are supported with services they
mostly need.

 Church members

 they are the people who commit to

practice their faith. They let their faith
grow and carry out their faith
traditions.

 Celebrities

 they are the people who promote

ethical behavior, responsible
personal decisions, social justice.
They are also expected to show
good behaviors.

ACTIVITY 2

TRUST WALK GAME

A. Number of players: 2 or by pair
B. Materials needed: blindfolds
C. Directions:
1. Divide the group into pairs; each group chooses who will be Player A and
B.
2. Player A will close her/his eyes (or put on a blindfold) and then Player B
will guide A on a journey around the space. (Depending on comfort levels,
B can place a hand on each of A’s shoulders, one arm around A’s
shoulders and/or hold A’s inside arm/wrist/hand in order to guide them
physically as well as verbally.) Player B should try and explore levels,
tempo, and space, being sure to vary how s/he moves and where s/he
moves in the room.

6
 3. Once directions are explained the group begins their work. After a set
number of minutes, switch roles so that Player A can lead Player B and
repeat the process.
4. When everyone has had a turn the teacher brings the full group back
together to reflect.

INPUT 2

Again, as you commit into social relationships, you may also find yourself
either leading or someone being led. From your experience with the game, you may
have found out that you are a good leader or a good follower which you can also see
yourself in the context of the society where you belong. Hence, being either a leader
or a follower influences other people.
According to Chris Bernard, leadership is the ability of the person in authority
to guide others to achieve certain goals. Leadership is also a way of influencing
other people by which the leader influence the followers to achieve the
organizational goals. Next to leadership is followership which is the act or condition
of following a leader. Being a follower is not passive, one must be a critical thinker
and interactive in the act of helping the leader achieve the goal. Thus, the leader and
the follower need each other; there is a dynamic relationship of mutual benefit and
support between them.
Nevertheless, being either a leader or follower gives you the opportunity to
influence people around you. Social influence is the impact of a person to another
person which causes the latter to change his behavior as convinced by the influencer.
Some social influences are known as:
 conformity - is behaving as others do. This is desiring to belong to
peers and seek their approval in order to feel that you are
one of them.
 compliance – an individual is doing something that another individual
has told them to do. This is also another way of an
adolescent to feel belong with peers.
 obedience – this is accepting and doing something directed to you by
a person you look up as someone in authority. In most
cases in obedience, you believe that you don’t have a
choice.
Now, as an adolescent, you must have undergone recognizing yourself,
knowing your strengths and limitations and discovering about the person you are. By
that, you are now capable of knowing where you stand in either a leader or a follower
by which suits and makes you a better person.

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 What I have learned?
Fill in the blanks with the correct words for each note.

1. Social influence is the change in __________________ that one person

causes another.
2. Adolescents tend to inclined to ___________________ because of the desire
to belong to peers and seek friends’ approval in order to feel that they are one
with them.
3. __________________ influence their followers to achieve certain
organizational goals.
4. __________________ create and implement the laws of the land.
5. __________________ must be ensured that they are supported with services
they mostly need.

What’s more?

䇅 䇅 ⹻ 䇅 (Going back to the

Trust Walk Game)
 Which did you prefer—leading or being led? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

 What responsibilities did you have as the leader? As the person being led?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

 What does it take to trust someone to lead you? What does it take to be
trustworthy leader?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

 How might these ideas inform our larger class inquiry?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

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Lesson
2 Perception of Oneself and of Others

What’s in?

After learning that you are a human person capable of building and engaging
in different relationships with other people, you are now challenged to do more of
discovering yourself and how others see you.

ACTIVITY 1

THE FUNERAL TEST

To do this, write your own eulogy and answer questions:

How do I want people to speak of me at my funeral?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What should they remember me for?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Which kind of person will people think I was when I’m gone?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

9
 What’s new?

The story of the Grass-eating

Tiger:
on self-awareness

It’s about a pregnant Tigress who goes out hunting one day.

She finds a whole herd of goats. And she goes after the goats because she is
very, very hungry.

She is ravenous. So she attacks them desperately, and she gets so tired and
runs so hard that she collapses in exhaustion and she dies giving birth to her
cub.

When the goats return to the field, they find the motherless newborn. Those
goats decide to adopt him. So he grows up repeating behaviors like those
around him. He bleats. And he eats grass. He believes himself to be a goat.

So this little cub who grows into a tiger now is wandering with the goats and
acting like a goat and bleating like the goats and eating the way the goats
eat.

Then one day a tiger, a big male tiger, comes into the goat herd and all the
goats scatter except this little tiger. He is about a year old now and looking
at this big male tiger somehow he is sensing an affinity with this tiger. But
he freezes in his tracks and he stands there staring at the tiger.

The big tiger comes over to him and says ‘What’s wrong with you?’ The little
one says ‘What do you mean what’s wrong with me?’ The big tiger says
‘What’s wrong with you? What are you doing? You are acting weird.

You are acting like a goat.’ The little tiger says ‘I am a goat!’ The big one
says ‘No you’re not. You are not a goat.’ He leads the little tiger over to a
pond.

A very still pond. He said ‘Now look at yourself. Really look at yourself.’ The
little cub looks at himself, and he looks at the big tiger, and he is confused.
The tiger says ‘Come with me, come with me.’ He takes him back to his den,
and in the den, there is some leftover meat from a gazelle that had been his
recent kill.

10
So he says to the little tiger ‘Eat this.’ The little cub says ‘Well no way. I am a
vegetarian. ‘ The tiger says ‘Try it. Just try it.’ So the little tiger reaches over
and he takes a bite off the bone.

What is it?

Perceiving and Presenting

the Self

Merriam-Webster defines perception as a mental image, while self-

perception as the idea about the kind of person someone is. Given these definitions
of the terms, how do you understand or see yourself as a person?
The development of self-perception happens althroughout a person’s lifetime.
Many questions arise as to what kind of person you are and what kind of person
others see and/or know you. Thus, in the study of self, there three (3) core concepts
to understand --- self-concept, self-esteem and self- efficacy.

There is a great relationship of these three concepts in understanding the self.

Self-efficacy influences the self-esteem which also influences the self-concept.
Before going deeper into the relationship of these three, let us first understand each
concept.
Self-concept is the person’s awareness or thinking about himself. Self-
concept is developed in ways like: a person’s interaction with others and their
reaction to him and comparisons to other people (as in superiority and inferiority,
similarity and difference). Next, self-esteem are the specific evaluations or
judgement a person creates about the self-concept. Self-esteem affects the way
a person communicates and behaves by which this concept varies through life and
the context a person is in. Lastly, self-efficacy is developed through experience.
This is also about the person’s extent of seeing himself as an effective
individual.
11
 Going back to the explanation of the relationship of the three core concepts,
here is an example:
Pedro did a good job on his first college speech. During a meeting with his
professor, Pedro indicates that he is confident going into the next speech and thinks
he will do well. This skill-based assessment is an indication that Pedro has a high
level of self-efficacy related to public speaking. If he does well on the speech, the
praise from his classmates and professor will reinforce his self-efficacy and lead him
to positively evaluate his speaking skills, which will contribute to his self-esteem. By
the end of the class, Pedro likely thinks of himself as a good public speaker, which
may then become an important part of his self-concept. Throughout these points of
connection, it’s important to remember that self-perception affects how we
communicate, behave, and perceive other things. Pedro’s increased feeling of self-
efficacy may give him more confidence in his delivery, which will likely result in
positive feedback that reinforces his self-perception. He may start to perceive his
professor more positively since they share an interest in public speaking, and he
may begin to notice other people’s speaking skills more during class presentations
and public lectures. Over time, he may even start to think about changing his major
to communication or pursuing career options that incorporate public speaking, which
would further integrate being “a good public speaker” into his self-concept. You can
hopefully see that these interconnections can create powerful positive or negative
cycles. While some of this process is under our control, much of it is also shaped by
the people in our lives (Perceiving and Presenting Self).

What I have learned?

After learning all about self-perception, self-esteem and self-efficacy, you go

back to the first activity you had in this lesson. However, this time try to recall how
others have described you or told you about yourself.

REPEATING ACTIVITY 1

THE FUNERAL TEST

To do this, write your own eulogy and answer questions:

How do I want people to speak of me at my funeral?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 What should they remember me for?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Which kind of person will people think I was when I’m gone?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What’s more?

ACTIVITY 2

DISCOVER YOUR EULERIAN DESTINY

Filling out the Eulerian Destiny circles provokes critical thinking and self-reflection.
Doing this requires you to look at four areas of your life by answering the following
questions:

13
Note: Take a while to write these things down in four overlapping circles and see
where they all meet. This may take time and serious thinking, but it can result in
defining and refining your purpose in life. This will provide you with a framework to
form your future and a basis of self-awareness.

Lesson Knowing Something About

3 Filipino Relationships

What’s new?

ACTIVITY

TV COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS AND FILIPINO VALUES

In here, you are tasked to review at least five (5) TV commercial

advertisements and tell what Filipino values are shown in each advertisement. You
can write as many values as shown in the advertisements.

ADVERTISEMENTS FILIPINO VALUES SHOWN

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 What is it?

Filipino Values

Values are guide to man’s behaviors and actions as they relate with others in
most situations in life. With Filipinos, values are somehow the symbol of identity
which help them keep harmonious relationships.
Some of the Filipino values that we are known with:
 sense of propriety or ‘hiya’
- a rather positively defined values among Filipinos which means
conformity to the good.
 pakikipagkapwa-tao
- showing empathy towards and with others.
 hospitality
- one of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite and
accommodating to other people.
 utang na loob
- a sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with to
repay the one who has done a favor.
 bayanihan
- the spirit of communal unity and cooperation.

So to say, Filipino social relationships are like mosaic of different values that
are alive in every Filipino whether whom they are with. A lot of researchers have
already studied about these values and found them unique to this culture.

What I have learned?

The values mentioned above are just few of the many values that you may
have observed as a Filipino adolescent. Now, it’s your turn to recall other values that
you know or have been practicing at home or in the community where you belong.
Cite at least three values and give brief explanation of each.

1. _____________________ - ___________________________________
2. _____________________ - ___________________________________
3. _____________________ - ___________________________________

15
 What’s more?

Every culture has its own strengths and weaknesses by which people who
belong to that certain culture may find it difficult as strength or weakness because
those are the things that they are used to. As someone who has undergone all the
lessons of this subject, it is expected from you that you can now compare different
things and think a little more critically.
Hence, your task before this module ends is to recall or research some weak
characteristics Filipinos have and what can you do to make it better when similar
situations come your way.

Weak Filipino Situation/s that Values

Action to Make it Better
Values/Characteristics is/are Observed

What can I do?

CONGRATULATIONS! You’re almost done with this module!

Now, to know better how much you have learned from the lessons you’ve had in
here and in what ways you can apply your learning to the real life, you are tasked to
write a letter of commitment to yourself about something that has mostly remained
from all that was tackled here. Write it in a special paper with creativity!

Dear self, I commit to . . .

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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SUMMARY

As you grow up and develop yourself you will see that a lot of things
comprise life and that these things will affect you. In building and committing into
relationships, you must learn that every choice you make and the every step you
take can influence other people as you also influence them. You must learn how to
take charge as a good leader and how to be a good follower as both affect all that
surround you.
Next, as a growing individual you must also learn to perceive yourself
appropriately balancing all the factors that affect you and your characteristics that
have been developed all this time. Recognizing yourself well while looking to your
surrounding will help you develop yourself as an efficient individual.
Lastly, as a Filipino adolescent, you must also know, recognize and learn the
values that shaped you, your family and the community where you belong. By this,
you will be able to embrace the identity of your culture and behave appropriately and
create better relationships with others successfully.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

1. The idea about the kind of person someone is.

A. concept B. perception
C. self-perception D. self-esteem

2. It is the person’s awareness or thinking about himself.

A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

3. These are the specific evaluations or judgement a person creates about the
self-concept.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence

4. This is developed through experience which is about the person’s extent of

seeing himself as an effective individual.
A. self-concept B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy D. self-confidence
5. These are relationships depending on the degree of intimacy that a person
offers to other people.
A. interpersonal relationship B. intrapersonal relationships
C. personal relationships D. social relationships

6. An individual has __________ to represent as he builds and commits into

relationships.
A. job B. mask
C. roles D. work

7. These are the people who create and implement the laws of the land.
8. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

8. They are the people who promote ethical behavior, responsible personal
decisions and social justice.
9. A. celebrities B. children
C. political leaders D. religious leaders

9. One of the values by which Filipinos are famous of; being polite and
accommodating to other people.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

10. A sense of obligation to the part of someone being helped with to repay the
one who has done a favor.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

18
11. The spirit of communal unity and cooperation.
A. bayanihan B. hospitality
C. pakikipagkapwa-tao D. utang na loob

12. These are guide to man’s behaviors and actions as they relate with others in
most situations in life.
A. beliefs B. philosophies
C. principles D. values

13. The time when an individual is changing from a child to an adult.

A. adolescence B. adulthood
C. middle adulthood D. adult

14. This is the ability of a person in authority to guide others to achieve certain
organizational goals.
10. A. guidance B. instruct
C. Followership D. leadership

15. The impact of a person to another person which causes him to change his
behavior as convinced by the influencer.
11. A. personal relationships B. followership
C. leadership D. social influence

19
 Key to Answers

Pre-test: Post-test
1. D 1. C
2. C 2. A
3. C 3. B
4. A 4. C
5. D 5. D
6. D 6. C
7. C 7. C
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. B
10. C 10. D
11. D 11. A
12. A 12. D
13. B 13. A
14. D 14. D
15. A 15. D

20
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