UCSP

MODULE 13

ENCULTURATION /
SOCIALIZATION
OBJECTIVES:
1.Identify the context, content,
processes and consequences of
enculturation and socialization;
2.Explain in the development of one’s
self and others as a product of
socialization and enculturation; and
3.Analyze the role of groups and
institutions as agents of socialization.
RECAP
Direction: Answer the following questions
briefly.

1. What is the significant role of culture in

human adaptation?
2. How would you explain the relationship of
cultural and sociopolitical evolution?
3. How would you explain the political
developments in the early civilizations of
Mesopotamia and Egypt?
Enculturation
The process by which people learn the
requirement of their surrounding culture and
obtain the values and behaviors appropriate on
necessary in that culture. Through
enculturation, we learn what behaviors, values,
language, and morals are acceptable in our
society.
 We learn by observing other members of
our society, including our parents,
friends, teachers, and mentors.
Enculturation provides a means for us to
become functional members of our
society (Williams 2020).

 Most importantly the individual knows

and sets up a setting of boundaries and
acknowledged behavior that directs what
is worthy and not worthy inside the
system of that society (Wikipedia 2019).
Socialization
Socialization is the lifelong
social experience by which
people develop their human
potential and learn culture.
Unlike other living species,
whose behavior is mostly or
entirely set by biology, humans
need social experience to learn
their culture and to survive.
 Social experience provides individuals with
communication skills and confidence to
interact effectively in social contest (R. L.
Duran 2020).
 One good example is participation in social
gatherings. Participating in social activities
has many positive effects on different
aspects of a person’s life. It depends on
how you accept experience and change
your personality
Theories of
Socialization
There are different types of theories that will explain how your
personality is shaped (Boundless Sociology n.d.).

The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, made by

Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a person’s self develops
out of society’s interpersonal interactions and the recognitions of
others. The term refers to individuals forming themselves based on
other people’s perception, which leads individuals to strengthen other
people’s points of view on themselves. Individuals shape themselves
based on what other individuals see and affirm other people ‘s
opinions on themselves.
George Herbert Mead
developed a theory of social
behaviorism to clarify how social
experience develops an individual’s
identity. Mead’s central concept is the
self: the part of an individual’s
personality composed of self-awareness
and self-image. Mead claimed that the
self isn’t there at birth, or maybe, it is
created with social experience.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian
neurologist who founded the
discipline of psychoanalysis, a clinical
method for treating
psychopathology through dialogue
between a patient and a
psychoanalyst. In his later work,
Freud proposed that the human
psyche could be divided into three
parts: Id, ego, and super-ego.
The id is the completely
unconscious, impulsive,
child-like portion of the
psyche that operates on the
“pleasure principle” and is
the source of basic impulses
and drives; it seeks
immediate pleasure and
gratification.
The ego acts according
to the reality principle (i.e.,
it seeks to please the id’s
drive in realistic ways that
will benefit in the long
term rather than bringing
grief).
Finally, the super-ego aims
for perfection. It comprises
that organized part of the
personality structure, mainly
but not entirely unconscious
that includes the individual’s
ego ideals, spiritual goals, and
the psychic agency that
criticizes and prohibits his or
her drives, fantasies, feelings,
and actions.
 Johari Window Model
Johari Window Model used to assess
and improve a group’s relationship
with a group. It was devised by
American psychologists Joseph Luft
and Harry Ingham in 1955, while
researching group dynamics at the
University of California Los Angeles
 Johari Window Model
Johari Window Model used to assess
and improve a group’s relationship
with a group. It was devised by
American psychologists Joseph Luft
and Harry Ingham in 1955, while
researching group dynamics at the
University of California Los Angeles
 Johari Window Model
Johari Window Model used to
assess and improve a group’s
relationship with a group. It
was devised by American
psychologists Joseph Luft and
Harry Ingham in 1955, while
researching group dynamics
at the University of California
Los Angeles
 Johari Window Model
 Open/self-area or arena – Here the information about the
person his attitudes, behaviour, emotions, feelings, skills
and views will be known by the person as well as by others.

 Blind self or blind spot – Information about yourselves

that others know in a group but you will be unaware of it.
Others may interpret yourselves differently than you
expect.
 Hidden area or façade – Information that is known to you but will
be kept unknown from others. This can be any personal information
which you feel reluctant to reveal. This includes feelings, past
experiences, fears, secrets etc. we keep some of our feelings and
information as private as it affects the relationships and thus the
hidden area must be reduced by moving the information to the
open areas.

 Unknown area – The Information which are unaware to yourselves

as well as others. This includes the information, feelings, capabilities,
talents etc. This can be due to traumatic past experiences or events
which can be unknown for a lifetime. The person will be unaware till
he discovers his hidden qualities and capabilities or through
observation of others. Open communication is also an effective way
to decrease the unknown area and thus to communicate effectively.
Norms and Values

o Norms are the rules and expectations by which a

society guides the behavior of its members.
o Values are culturally defined standards that people
use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful
and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.

o Shelly (2017), in her article “Values and Norms of

Society: Conformity, Conflict and Deviation of Norms”,
differentiated and analyzed the meaning of norms and
values
Meaning of Norms:

1. Norms are standards of group

behavior.
2. A normless society is impossibility.
3. Norms influence individual’s attitudes
Meaning of Norms:

1. Norms are standards of group

behavior.
2. A normless society is impossibility.
3. Norms influence individual’s attitudes
Statuses and Roles

 Achieved status refer to a social

position a person takes on voluntarily that
reflects personal ability and effort.
 Ascribed status is obtained not
through accomplishments but or maybe
through birth. Ascribed is something that
an individual is born into.
 Flex Ko Lang Mga Besh
Directions: Your personality reflects how your parents or relatives raised you.
Below are the pictures of different faces of the babies that reflect your identity
today. Choose one (1) picture of a baby that describes (flex) your personality.
Questions:
1. Who cared for you and raised you? Parents, Grandparents or other relatives?

2. Based on the pictures that you chose; how did they raise you and take care of
you?
3. Aside from those who cared for you, do you think that environment also has a
bearing on how your identity is shaped? Why? Why not?

4. What personality do you have right now based on your chosen picture?

5. In this activity (realization), have you noticed any indifference between who
you are and what the society sees you? Or are you happy of who and what you
are today? Have you encountered problems in the past? How did you resolve it?
If not, how did you strive to become a functional member of the society?