Yr 7 Accelerated Mathematics

Class Notes

Number Theory

Last edited: 03-12-2014

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Number Properties
The following are basic laws for dealing with numbers which you should already be familiar with.

❖ Multiply by 1 = no change
❖ Multiply by zero =0
❖ When adding or multiplying numbers the order does not matter

A+B =B−A and AB = B A

a) 314 + 0 + 12 = d) 1777 + 0 =

b) 22 x 213.43 x 0 = e) 1x0x1x0

c) 12 x 22 x 1 =

BODMAS
To avoid confusion in mathematics we have developed a general rule when dealing with operations of
numbers.

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a) (15 - 7) x 2 + 3 = d) 25 - 5 x 1 + 6 =

b) 12 ÷ 3 - 1 = e) (1 + 6) x 7 =

c) (32 x [2 + 2] + 2) +11 =

Divisibility Tests
To determine if certain numbers are divisible to leave no remainder we can do certain tests.

Divisor Test
2

10

11

12

25

50

100

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Examples

a) Is 814 170 divisible by 3?

b) Is 7 081 426 divisible by 11?

c) Is 447 528 divisible by 9?

Highest Common Factors (HCF)

Number Factors
102 51​, 3, 34, 6, 17
1, 102, 2, ​
153 1, 153, 3, ​51​, 9, 17

​ int draw a factor tree

Further Examples ​–​ h

a) HCF of 240 and 192

b) HCF of 132 and 264

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Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

Number Factors
15 45​, 60, 75, 90, ...
15, 30, ​
9 9, 18, 27, ​45​, 54, 63, ...

Further Examples

a) LCM of 4 and 6

b) LCM of 12 and 32

Expanding brackets

Example

Expand the following:

a) 3a(2b + c)

c) 3a(-2b + c)

b) 3a(2b – c)

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d) 3a(-2b – c)

f) y(3yx + x)

e) x(3xy + y)

Expanding Powers

Example

Expand the following:

a) (a​2​)​3

e) 12 (y​3​vx​2​)​2
b) (a​2​b​2​)​3

c) (2a​2​b​2​)​3 f) (a​n​b​m​)​2

d) (x​2​y​3​)​4

Factorisation

Example

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Factorise the following: c) 2a + 2ab

a) 2a + 2b

d) 12ab + 2a + 4b

b) 2a + a

Factorisation With Indices

Example

Factorise the following: c) 2a​2​b​2​ + a​3​b​2

a) a​2 ​+ a​4

d) 2a​2 ​+ 2ab

b) a​2​b + ab​2
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Index Rules
Division with indices

Example

a) y​4 ​ ÷ y​8 c) 2yz​2 ​÷4 y​2​z

b) y​8​z​4​ ÷ y​4​z​8 d) 36y​12 ​÷ 9y​18

Multiplication with indices

Example

a) y​4 ​ x y​8

b) y​8​z​4​ x y​4​z​8

c) 3yz​2 ​x 2y​2​z

d) 10y​12​ x 2y​18

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Negative Indices

Example

Write the following indices as a fraction.

a) m−2

d) 16a2 ×8a−3

b) ab−3

c) 18a2 ÷2a3

Fractional Indices

Example

Write the following indices as surds.

5
a) y6

12 3 4
b) 2 x 5 d) 9y 5 ÷ 3y 5

3 1
c) 2y 4 × y 4
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Homework
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