General

Biology 1 12
General Biology 1 – Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 11 Active Transport

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 General
Biology 1 12
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 11
Active Transport
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Grade 12 Self-Learning Module on Active

Transport!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 Grade 12 Self-Learning Module on Active

Transport!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the process of active transport;

2. explain the process of sodium-potassium pump as an example of active
transport ; and
3. value the importance of active transport.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

_________1. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
A. diffusion C. active transport
B. osmosis D. passive transport
_________2. In active transport,________________________________.
A. Molecules move from an equal concentration to a high concentration.
B. Molecules move from an equal concentration to a low concentration.
C. Molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration.
D. Molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration.

_________3. A sodium potassium pump is a type of _____________________.

A. antiport C. symport
B. uniport D. quadriport

_________4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. K+ is the most plentiful positively charged ion outside the cell, while
Na+ is the most plentiful inside.
B. Na+ is the most plentiful positively charged ion outside the cell,
while K+ is the most plentiful inside.
C. Na+ and K+ are carefully balance on each side of the cell.
D. There is no Na+ and K+ inside and outside the cell.

_________5. Which of the following accurately describes the role of the Na + pump?
 A. It maintains a high Na+ concentration outside the cell
B. It maintains a high K+ concentration outside the cell
C. It maintains a low Na+ concentration outside the cell
D. It maintains a low K+ concentration outside the cell

RECAP
In the previous lesson, we studied other type of passive transport: osmosis.
Let us recall the past lesson by answering the activity below.

Activity 11.1. Fill in the blanks. Use the words below.

WORDS TO USE
balance water low diffusion high

Osmosis is a form of 1. _________ that involves 2. ___________. Movement of

H2O molecules from areas of 3.___________ water concentration to areas of 4.
___________ water concentration. This helps to 5._______________ out the other
molecules inside of a cell.

Direction:
1.Draw in the molecules on the right hand-side of the
selectively permeable membrane showing a lower
concentration of water molecules compared to the
left hand-side.
2. Draw in arrows to show the direction of the
concentration gradient.

3.Now draw in water molecules on both sides of the

selectively permeable membrane to show that
equilibrium has been reached due to osmosis.

Have you ever been in a crowded tiangge night market? People are busy, shoulder to
shoulder picking up some clothes. Since you wanted to score different OOTDs in a
very affordable price, you muster up all your energy and fight your way in through
each stalls. Cells are similar to a busy market with lot of things going through,
transporting materials in and out of the cell. In this module, we discuss another type
of membrane transport, the active transport.

LESSON

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Passive transport is the most easy and direct way of moving molecules into or
out of a cell in an existing concentration gradient and does not require energy
expenditure. However, this isn’t work in all circumstances. Often, a cell needs to do
the opposite: to create and maintain a concentration gradient. A plant root cell for
example, may need to absorb nutrients from
soil water that is much more dilute than the
cell’s interior. In an active transport, a cell
uses transport protein to move a substance
against its concentration gradient—from an
area of lower concentration to an area of
higher concentration (Fig. 11.1)

Figure 11.1. Active Transport. During active transport, molecules

combine with a carrier protein whose shape is altered as a result of
the combination. This change in configuration, along with ATP energy,
helps move the molecule across the plasma membrane against a
concentration gradient. movement. Source:google sites.

The active transport process is similar to facilitated diffusion, except that the
carrier proteins in the plasma membrane must use energy to move the molecules
against their concentration gradient. These carrier proteins are called uniporters, if
they transport a single type of molecule or ion, symporters if they transport two
molecules or ions in the same direction, and antiporters if they transport two
molecules or ions in the opposite directions. All of these transporters can also
transport small, uncharged organic molecules like glucose (Fig.11.2). These three
types of carrier proteins are also found in facilitated diffusion, but they do not require
ATP to work in that process. Some examples of pumps for active transport are Na+-
K+ ATPase, which carries sodium and potassium ions, and H+-K+ ATPase, which
carries hydrogen and potassium ions. Both of these are antiporter carrier proteins.
Two other carrier protein pumps are Ca2+ ATPase and H+ ATPase, which carry only
calcium and only hydrogen ions, respectively.

Since atoms and molecules

may form ions and hold either
positive or negative electrical
charges, the plasma membrane
Figure 11.2. Uniporters, Symporters, and Antiporters: A uniporter carries one
molecule or ion. A symporter carries two different molecules or ions, both in the same can often have an electrical
direction. An antiporter also carries two different molecules or ions, but in different
directions.. Source:commons.wikimedia
gradient, or a difference in the
charge. In fact, living cells typically have what is called a membrane potential, a
difference in the electrical potential (voltage) across their cell membrane. An electrical
potential difference is present whenever there is a net separation of charges in space.
In the case of a cell, the cell membrane separates the positive and the negative
charges, with the inside of the cell holding more negative charges compared to the
outside. The cell actively maintains this membrane potential, and we’ll see how it
forms in the section on the sodium-potassium pump

One of the most important pumps in animal cells is the sodium-potassium

pump, which moves Na+ out of cells, and K+ in. In general, the inside of a cell has
a higher concentration of potassium K+ and a lower concentration of sodium Na+
than the extracellular fluid around it. The sodium-potassium pump transports
sodium out of and potassium into the cell in a repeating cycle of conformational
(shape) changes. In each cycle, three sodium ions exit the cell, while two potassium
ions enter.

To begin, the pump is open to the inside of the cell. In this form, the pump
really likes to bind sodium ions, and will take up three of them. When the sodium
ions bind, one phosphate group from ATP breaks off and attached to the pump, which
is then said to be phosphorylated. ADP is released as a by-product. Phosphorylation
makes the pump change shape, re-orienting itself so it opens towards the
extracellular space. In this conformation, the pump no longer likes to bind to sodium
ions, so the three sodium ions are released outside the cell. Now the 2 K+ ions enter
the pump, which cause the phosphate group to break off and the protein pump will
change back to its original form, opening towards the interior of the cell. In its
inward-facing shape, the pump loses its interest in (has a low affinity for) potassium
ions, so the two potassium ions will be released into the cytoplasm. and the cycle
can begin again.

Figure 11.3. Sodium-Potassium Pump.:The sodium-potassium pump is a protein embedded in the cell membrane , It uses energy
released in ATP hydrolysis t move sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell.The process costs energy because
both types of ions are moving from where they are less concentrated to where they are more concentrated.
Source:commons.wikimedia

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 11.2. Use the boxes below to complete this diagram.

ACTIVITY 11.3.
1. Match membrane transporter symmetry
with the correct diagram to the right.
___ antiport
___ uniport
___ symport
2. True or False.
______In animals, Na+ concentration is higher outside of the cell than inside.
______In animal cells, the Na+–K+ pump in the plasma membrane serves principally
to regulate osmotic pressure in the cell.

ACTIVITY 11.4. Crack my Venn. Put the following words/phrases into the correct
area in the Venn diagram.
• Requires energy • Substances
• No energy move against the
required concentration
• Water moves gradient
down a • Partially
concentration permeable
gradient membrane
• Substances • Requires a
move down a membrane
concentration • No membrane
gradient required
• Carrier proteins
 WRAP-UP

ACTIVITY 11.5.
What type of transport is represented by the following picture? _____________________

What energy is being used? ______________

In which direction (concentration gradient), is the movement occurring? ___________

Color the internal environment of the cell yellow. Color and Label the transport
proteins red and the substance being moved blue.

One type of active transport is called the ________________ pump which helps
muscle cells contract. This pump uses ___________ to move ions __________ the
concentration gradient. The protein that is used to pump the ions through is called
a ____________ protein and it changes its __________ to move the ions across the cell
membrane.

Label and color the carrier proteins red and the ions green.
 VALUING
A cell needs to eliminate toxins out and needs to keep materials in necessary
for life functions and that requires energy. Can you give your own life goals that also
require energy and dedication in order for you to achieve?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

_________1. Active transport is a way for molecules to move across the plasma
membrane. When active transport is used to move molecules, what is
required?
A. energy that the cell provides C. concentration gradient
B. very small molecules D. osmosis
_________2. How can substances be transported across a membrane against the
concentration gradient?
A. The plasma membrane is fully hydrophobic.
B. The plasma membrane is permeable to all small molecules.
C. Some membrane proteins are ATP-dependent carrier molecule.
D. Some membrane proteins act as channels for specific molecules to
enter the cell.
_________3. Which of the following correctly describes the sodium-potassium pump?
A. Potassium cannot attach to the pump until the sodium ions detach
from the pump.
B. Sodium and potassium ions bind to the pump at the same time and
then sodium is released.
C. After ATP hydrolysis occurs, the phosphate group attaches to the pump
before the sodium ions.
D. The sodium-potassium pump process begins when potassium attaches
to the pump, which hydrolyzes ATP.
 _________4. The Na+ -K+ pump in the plasma membrane of animal cells uses the energy
from ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium and potassium ions against their
electrochemical gradients. In which direction are the ions pumped across
the membrane?
A. Na+ in and K+ out C. Na+ and K+ both out
B. K+ in and Na+ out D. Na+ and K+ both in
_________5. Which of the following is an ideal situation for the cell?
A. Inside the cell, the quantity of positively charged ions is less than the
quantity if negatively charged ions.
B. Inside the cell, the quantity of positively charged ions is greater than
the quantity if negatively charged ions.
C. Inside the cell, the quantity of positively charged ions is almost exactly
equal to the quantity if negatively charged ions.
D. Inside the cell, there is no positively charged ions and negatively
charged ions.

KEY TO CORRECTION
ACTIVITY 11.4 RECAP
1. diffusion
2. water
3. high
4. low
PRETEST 5. balance
1. C ACTIVITY 11.2
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A

POSTEST WRAP- UP
1. A 1 active, ATP, up/against ACTIVITY 11.3.
2. C
3. A D antiport
4. B A uniport
5. C B symport
True
Sodium potassium, proteins,
False
against/up,
transmembrane/integral, shape
REFERENCES
Google Sites. Accessed July 20, 2020. https://sites.google.com/site/connectedsciences/introduction-to-
biology/cytology/the-cell-membrane/active-and-passive-
transport?tmpl=%2Fsystem%2Fapp%2Ftemplates%2Fprint%2F.

Hoefnagels, Marielle. General Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. Abiva Publishing House,Inc. 2016.

Learning, Lumen. “Anatomy and Physiology I.” Lumen. Accessed July 7, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/austincc-ap1/chapter/passive-transport/

KatieBall. “Active Transport Worksheets.” TES Resources. Accessed July 20, 2020.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/active-transport-worksheets-6376269.

Miller, Stephen A. Zoology. McGraw-Hill. New York. 2010.

Starr, Cecie. Evers, Christine. and Lisa. Starr. Biology: Today and Tomorrow Biology for Non Science
Majors. Cengage Learning. 2010
Study.com. Accessed July 20, 2020. https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-active-
transport-in-cells.html.