CA4623 Maintenance Technology and Management

Week 4 and week 5

Appendix Note I: List of Test Methods for Detection and diagnosis of Defects

Appendix Note II: Non-destructive Evaluation and Accreditation of Diagnostic

Tests on Concrete
 Ground penetrating radar (GPR)
 Ultrasonic array
 Infrared thermography

Common problems in IR survey in HK

 Wrong temperature scale
 Very steep elevation angle
 Object too small, distance too far
 Comparing two different materials (with different emissivity) in the same
thermogram and with the same temperature scale

The diagnostic tests on concrete include:

 Carbonation test
 Chloride content determination
 Covermeter survey
 Half-cell potential measurement
 Infrared thermography
 Resistivity measurement
 Surface hardness measurement
 Surface penetration radar survey
 Ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement

Appendix Note III: Understanding Building Maintenance and Management

[Source: Understanding Building Maintenance and Management, Chapter 3, Building
Maintenance Guidebook, Buildings Department, HKSAR, June 2002]

3.1 General
3.2 Timely Maintenance
3.2.1 Common Building Defects and Their Symptoms
(a) Background
(b) Defects in Buildings
(c) Defects in Building Services Installation
(d) Defects in Slopes and Retaining Walls
(e) Water Seepage and Drainage Nuisance
(f) Defects in Windows and External Appendages
3.2.2 Areas for Special Attention
(a) Storage of Dangerous Goods
(b) Buildings with Single Staircase

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 (c) Misuse, Change in Use and Licensing
(d) Swimming Pools
(e) Private Lanes, Road and Open Space
(f) Commonly Found Unauthorized Building Works (UBW)
(g) Advertisement Signboards
(h) Asbestos and Noise
(i) Canopies and Balconies
(j) Defects Caused by Adjoining Building Works or Other External Factors
3.3 Types of Statutory Orders
3.3.1 Orders Issued by the Buildings Department
3.4 Need for Effective Maintenance and Management
3.4.1 Principles of Long Term Maintenance
3.4.2 Principles of Inspection, Surveillance and Control
3.4.3 Forming Organizations

Appendix Note IV: Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme (MBIS)

(a) Prescribed inspection under MBIS covers the following elements of a building:
 Common parts
 External walls
 Projections
 Signboards
(b) Covering the following building elements:
 External elements and other physical elements;
 Structural elements;
 Fire safety elements;
 Drainage system; and
 Identification of unauthorized building works in common parts and external
walls
(c) Examples of Inspection Requirements:
 Fire Resisting Construction (FRC)
 Columns / Walls / Beams / Slabs

Self-study topics from Source References and ppt

1. Factors to be considered for qualitative evaluation of IR Thermograms
2. Limitations of IR Thermograms measurement method
3. Duties of Registered Inspector under the Mandatory Building Inspection Scheme
4. Details of technical standard and procedural requirements for Inspection and
Assessment (Example: Inspection and Assessment of Structural Elements (e.g.
Columns / Walls / Beams / Slabs))

Source References
1. HKCI (2009), TM1: Detection of Building Surface Defect by Infrared Thermography.
Hong Kong Concrete Institute.
2. Lo, T.Y. and Choi, K.T.W., (2004) Building defects diagnosis by infrared
thermography. Structural Survey. Vol. 22, No. 5. Pp.259-263.