Soci 201 ch 2 Mohammed Begg

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1. Sociologists a sociological imagination.

work towards
Strong in theoretical knowledge and research methodolo-
gy

2. Common sense knowledge we get from lived and personal experience. Not
necessarily factual but reliable info.

3. Major theoretical Functionalism, Conflict theory, Symbolic interactionism,

perspectives Feminist theory

4. Theory Set of proportions intended to explain a social phenome-

na.
Help understand relationship between variables.

5. Functionalism Focuses on social stability.

View society as a set of interconnected parts.

6. Manifest Func- Intended outcomes generated by social institutions.

tions

7. Latent Functions Unintended, less visible outcomes of social institutions.

8. Social Solidarity The degree to which a society is unified

(Durkheim)

9. Conflict Theory Focus on importance of conflict and change.

Study inequality and exploitations.
View social life as a continuing struggle for fairness, secu-
rity, respect.

10. Bourgeoisie Owns means of production.

11. Proletariat Work for wages and produce profits for bourgeoisie.

12. Class The awareness of one's rank in society.

Consciousness
(Marx)

13.
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Symbolic Inter- Study people's everyday lives closely.
actionism Focus on meanings, definitions, interpretations that peo-
ple share.

14. Front Stage Inter- Situations where you perform in the way that people ex-
action (Hoffman) pect.

15. Back Stage Inter- Situations where you behave in a more "real" way.
action (Hoffman)

16. The I (Herbert) One's unsocialized self.

17. The Me (Herbert) Reflects values of society learned through interactions.

18. Double Seeing oneself through eyes of a racist society.

Consciousness
(DuBois)

19. Feminism Focus on gender inequality.

20. Patriarchy A form of social organization in which males dominate

females

21. First Wave Femi- Resulted in (some) women gaining the right to vote.
nism

22. Second Wave Demanded wider social equality for women.

Feminism Treated women as group with common experiences.

23. Third Wave Femi- Focused on intersectionality.

nism

24. Intersectionality Multiple forms of discrimination overlapping, intersecting

in the experience of marginalized groups.

25. Standpoint View of the world from a marginalized status.

(Smith)

26. Research Cycle Research Idea

Literature Review

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Hypothesis Formulation
Research Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Dissemination of Results

27. Research Idea Researchers choose research topic based on personal

interest or social problems.
Define problem for study.

28. Literature Re- Review previous material (scholarly research) written

view about the problem.

29. Formulating a Propose possible solutions/explanations to the problem.

Hypothesis

30. Hypothesis Proposition about relationship between variables.

31. Variables Traits that vary overtime.

32. Dependent Vari- Variable we are trying to predict/explain. Responding.

able (DV)

33. Independent Variable we think will change or influence the dependent

Variable (IV) variable. Manipulated.

34. Research Design A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.

35. Quantitative Re- Numerical Data.

search Larger samples.

36. Qualitative Re- Focuses on individual experiences.

search Smaller Samples.

37. Mixed Method Uses evidence that is both qualitative and quantitative.
Research

38. Collecting Data; Controlled Lab conditions.

experiments Rarely used method as it is artificial.
Refers unobtrusive measures.

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39. Unobtrusive Unaffected by responding participation.
measures

40. Collecting Data; Analysis of the content of public communications (books,

content analysis websites, speeches)

41. Collecting Data; Sociologists participate in social unit being studied.

Participation Ob- Gain firsthand insight into activities/attitudes of group
servation members.
Involves risk of losing objectivity.

42. Collecting Data; Researcher must determine population of interest.

Surveys Reach a lot of people in a short period of time.

43. Population The set of all the individuals of interest in the study.

44. Samples Subsets of the population studied in a research project to

collect data.

45. Systematic Ran- Most accurate samples.

dom Samples

46. Convenience Samples of individuals who are the most easily accessible
Samples to researchers.

47. Snowball Sam- Samples in which additional respondents are selected

ples based on referrals from initial respondents.

48. Collecting Data; Provides set of questions to respondents (via mail or

Questionnaires outline)
Respondents record their answers.
Risk of response bias.

49. Response Bias May answer falsely.

Misinterpretations of questions.
May provide socially desirable answers.
Questions might be worded to produce certain answers.

50. Collecting Data; Researchers ask respondents questions face-to-face or

Interviews over phone and record answers.

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51. Structured Inter- Each respondent is asked a standard set of questions in
view same order.

52. Unstructured In- Each respondent is asked open-ended questions and an-
terview swer freely.

53. Collecting Data; Researcher analyzes data.

Secondary Data Concerned with validity and reliability.
Analysis

54. Validity Accurately measuring a concept.

55. Reliability Extent to which a measure/test produces consistent re-

sponses.

56. Disseminating Researchers/Sociologists must share knowledge with the

Knowledge public.

57. Research Ethics Ethical guidelines for research provided by research ethic
board.
Researchers must minimize harm to participants
(long/short-term)

58. Dysfunctions System that is not functioning properly.

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