Chapter 1 Essentials of SOCIOLOGY A-Down-To-Earth-

Approach (Eleventh Edition) James M. Henslin

Study online at quizlet.com/_1iho7g

1. applied the use of sociology to solve problems from 17. macro-level an examination of large-scale patterns of
sociology the micro level of classroom interaction and analysis society; such as how Wall Street and the
family relationships to the macro level of political establishment are interrelated.
crime and pollution.
18. micro-level an examination of small-scale patterns of
2. basic (or sociological research for the purpose of analysis society; such as how the members of a group
pure) making discoveries about life in human interact.
sociology groups, not for making changes in those
19. nonverbal communication without words through
groups.
interaction gestures, use of space, silence, and so on
3. bourgeoisie Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the
20. open-ended questions that respondents answer in their
means of production
questions own words
4. case study an intensive analysis of a single event,
21. operational the way in which a researcher measures a
situation, or individual
definition variable
5. class conflict Marx's term for the struggle between
22. participant research in which the researcher participates in
capitalists and workers
observation a research setting while observing what is
6. closed- questions that are followed by a list of (or happening in that setting
ended possible answers to be selected by the fieldwork)
questions respondent
23. patterns of recurring behaviors or events
7. conflict a theoretical framework in which society is behavior
theory viewed as composed of groups that are
24. population a target group to be studied
competing for scarce resources
25. positivism the application of the scientific approach to
8. control the subjects in an experiment who are not
the social world.
group exposed to the independent variable
26. proletariat Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass
9. dependent a factor in an experiment that is changed by
of workers who do not own the means of
variable an independent variable
production.
10. documents in its narrow sense, written sources that
27. public applying sociology for the public good;
provide data; in its extended sense, archival
sociology especially the use of the sociological
material of any sort, including photographs,
perspective (how things are related to one
movies, CDs, DVDs, and so on
another) to guide politicians and policy
11. experiment the use of control and experimental groups makers.
and dependent and independent variables to
28. random a sample in which everyone in the target
test causation.
sample population has the same chance of being
12. experimental the group of subjects in an experiment who included in the study
group are exposed to the independent variable
29. rapport a feeling of trust between researchers and the
13. functional a theoretical framework in which society is people they are studying
analysis viewed as composed of various parts, each
30. reliability the extent to which research produces
with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes
consistent or dependable results
to society's equilibrium; also known as
functionalism and structural functionalism. 31. research one of seven procedures that sociologists use
method (or to collect data: surveys, participant
14. globalization capitalism (investing to make profits within a
research observation, case studies, secondary analysis,
of capitalism rational system) becoming the globe's
design) analysis of documents, experiments, and
dominant economic system
unobtrusive measures.
15. hypothesis a statement of how variables are expected to
32. respondents people who respond to a survey, either in
be related to one another, often according to
interviews or by self-administered
predictions from a theory
questionnaires.
16. independent a factor that causes a change in another
33. sample the individuals intended to represent the
variable variable, called the dependent variable
population to be studied
34. secondary the analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers
analysis
35. social one person's actions influencing someone else; usually refers to what people do when in one another's presence,
interaction but also includes communications at a distance
36. social location the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society.
37. society people who share a culture and a territory.
38. sociological understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context.
perspective
39. sociology the scientific study of society and human behavior.
40. stratified a sample from selected subgroups of the target population in which everyone in those subgroups has an equal
random chance of being included in the research
sample
41. survey the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions
42. symbolic a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning,
interactionism develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another.
43. theory a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work; an explanation of how two
or more facts are related to one another
44. unobtrusive ways of observing people so they do not know they are being studied
measures
45. validity the extent to which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure
46. variable a factor thought to be significant for human behavior, which can vary (or change) from one case to another.