For Teachers, Students & Parents

Fareeda Abbasi
SCIENCE DICTIONARY
Youth Together for Human Rights Education
Youth Together for Human Rights Education

The curriculum of Youth Together for Human Rights

Education enables application of knowledge to life. It
is designed to improve skills and bring about positive
attitudes. We train teachers, students and parents on an
ongoing basis across schools and universities.

We are committed to creating a future where men, women

and children grant respect to each other, irrespective of age,
gender, race, religion, sect, ethnicity, nationality or class.
A future where peace and tolerance prevails. A fair and
just society, where students grow up reaching their full
potential and are rewarded for their own efforts, skills and
contribution.

Our series of books forms the start of a journey, directed

towards reaching this shared dream with you.

©2015 Fareeda Abbasi. All Rights Reserved.

Printed in Pakistan by Youth Together for Human Rights Education

ISBN: 978-0-9932615-0-3

No part of this booklet may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means,
graphics, electronics, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or by any
information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.
 This Book

Just as without knowing the alphabet it is impossible to know the

language, so, without fully understanding the words used to describe the
subject of Science, we cannot expect the learner to master the subject.

During the process of learning it is important to emphasise an

understanding of the concepts of words. Words like “house”, “apple”
are understood by the student. There is no need to memorise them.
However, for words like “electricity”, “opaque”, “ characteristics”, the
same clarity in understanding may not exist. This book helps to provide
that clarity. It forms part of the resources needed by teachers, parents
and students to put the child on the ladder of competence.

We believe every student has the potential to master a subject and to be

good in all subjects, not in just one or two. Our series of books aims to
build a strong foundation of the subject for the learner.

It is the duty of teachers and parents to provide the environment, tools

and guidance that enables children to reach their full potential.

If you wish for the child to become an independent learner and excel in
Science, then this book belongs in your special tool-kit.
 Dedication

This book is dedicated to the teachers,

parents and children of the world.

Our sincere hope is that this book helps you and those
you care about to understand and love the subject.

Through a strong basic foundation of the subject and

with your competence and imagination, may you
help create a better and peaceful world for all.

Our best wishes are for you.

 Contents
Topic Page
General Words ..................................................................................... 6
Living Things ........................................................................................ 13
Human Body ......................................................................................... 15
Food and Health of the Body ........................................................ 17
Plant Life ................................................................................................ 20
Animals ................................................................................................... 24
Materials ................................................................................................ 27
Solid and Liquid .................................................................................. 29
Force ........................................................................................................ 31
Electricity .............................................................................................. 34
Sound ...................................................................................................... 36
Light and Shadow ............................................................................. 38

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 5
 General Words
science
Science is
knowledge
about the natural
world based on
facts learned by
experiments and
observation.

natural
Anything that
comes from nature
and not made by
people.

different
Not the same.

This is a pencil. This is a pen.

A pen is different from a pencil.

6 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 identify Identify the animal

To know or say
what something is.

horse owl

snake squirrel

recognise Do you recognise this animal?

To identify
based on earlier
knowledge. To
know or say what
something is,
because of earlier
knowledge.

It is a dolphin.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 7
 characteristic One characteristic of living things is
that they grow and develop.

An important part,
ability or quality
that belongs to a
person or thing.

thing
An object you can
see and touch and
that is not alive.

move Move these boxes to your room.

To go, or to transfer
something from
one place or
position to another.

8 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 change When an ice cube melts it changes from a
solid to liquid.

To become
different.

To make someone
or something
different.

The egg changes to a chicken.

specific
Specific means that
only one person or
one thing is being
talked about and
not others. I want the red apple that is by the tomatoes.
Here the specific thing we are talking about is
the red apple. This means that we are taking
about one thing out of many.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 9
 external Our nose and ears are external to our body.

Anything which is
on the outside or is
from the outside.

Our lungs are not external to our body.

function The function or the job of the leaf is to

provide food to the plant.

An activity that
is a natural job
or purpose of a
person or thing.

10 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 sense
Any of the five
feelings, which are
touch, smell, hear,
see and taste.
One of the five
feelings through
which you receive
information of the
world around you.

define A dictionary defines words.

To say or explain
the meaning of
something.

habit
Something that
you do very often.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 11
 develop Babies develop.

To become bigger
or more complete.

An egg develops into a chicken.

A seed develops into a plant.

12 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Living Things

living
Having life.
Anything which is
not dead.

grow A seed grows

into a plant.
To become larger.
To increase in size,
amount, age, etc.

need
Something that
a person/animal
must do or have.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 13
 food
The things that
people, plants and
animals eat to grow
and get energy.

breathe
Taking air in and
out of the lungs.

body

14 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Human Body

The part of a
person or animal
that relates to
physical structure,
including the
bones, flesh and
organs.

part Feet and mouth are parts of the body.

A piece of
something, but not
all of it.

human being
A man, woman or
child.

physical

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 15
 The mind is not the physical part of the body
The part of the as we cannot see or touch it.
body or something
which you can see
A keyboard is a physical
and touch.
part of the computer.

Software is not a
physical part of the
computer.

organ
A part of the
body that has a
special purpose.
For example:- ear,
nose, tongue and
eye.

sense organ
A part of your body
that you use to see,
hear, taste, smell or
feel things.

16 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Food and Health of the Body

health
How well and fit
your body is.

healthy
Having good
health. Being
strong.
Not sick or injured.

care
Things that are
done to keep
something healthy
or something safe.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 17
 energy
Ability to do work
or the ability to
move, or move
an object.

strong
Powerful.

food
Anything eaten that
helps to grow and
gives energy.

18 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 live
Not be dead.

To be alive.
To stay alive.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 19
 Plant Life

plant
Living thing that
grows from soil and
can make its own
food.

root
The part of the
plant that is under
the ground.

stem
The long part of
the plant above the
ground, on which
the flowers and
leaves grow.

20 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 leaf
The part that grows
on a plant that is
usually green.

flower
The bright
colourful part of
the plant, from
which the seed or
fruit develops.

seed
A tiny part of a
plant which grows
into a new plant.

fruit
The part of the
plant that has
seeds in it and you
can eat.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 21
 feed
To give food
to someone or
something.

soil
The upper layer
of earth on which
plants grow.

good soil
Soil that is good for
plant growth.

22 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 suck The boys suck juice into their mouths.

To pull something
upward.

The plant sucks water from the soil.

The man sucks drink through the straw.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 23
 Animals
animals
Any living thing
which is a not a
plant.

tame
Not dangerous
or frightened of
people.

wild
An animal living
in nature without
human control or
care.
Not tame.

24 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 land
The part of the
Earth that is not
the sea.

flesh
The soft part of
your body under
your skin.
Meat.

flesh eater
An animal that eats
meat. eagle lion

wolf shark

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 25
 plant eater
An animal that eats
plants.

panda grasshopper

deer

rabbit

26 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Materials

material
Anything that we
use to make things. wood
bricks rope

blocks rocks metal

pipes wool stones

man-made
materials/
objects
Man-made
materials are
things like nylon
and plastic. These
pictures show
objects mostly
made from man-
made materials.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 27
 natural
materials
Materials from
nature which man Wood comes from trees.
has not made.

We make chairs and table from wood.

Wool comes from the skin of sheeps and goats.

We make cloth and sweaters from wool.

28 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Solids and Liquids

solid
Something that is
hard and not like a
liquid or gas.

liquid
A thing that is able
to flow freely like
water.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 29
 gas
Tiny things that fills
the space available.

warm
A little bit hot.

melt Butter melts. Ice melts to water.

To change or make
something change
from solid to liquid,
usually because of
heat.

freeze
To change from
liquid to solid
by reducing the
temperature.

force Water freezes to ice.

30 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 Force
We need force to play.

A push or pull
of one object on
another object.

Nails stick to a magnet because of

force present in the magnet.

movement
The act of moving
people or things
from one place to
another.

push

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 31
 To move somebody
or something
strongly away from
you.

pull
To move somebody
or something
strongly towards
you.

around

32 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 The flowers were all around the butterfly.

On all sides of
something.

The water was all around the house.

twist
To turn something
strongly so that it
changes shape.

electricity

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 33
 Electricity

Electricity is a kind
of energy that is
carried through
wires and is used to
operate machines,
lights, etc.

It is also naturally
produced in the sky
as lightning.

waste
Loss of something
because we are
using it too much
or we are not using
it in a good way.

save

34 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 To take somebody
or something away
from danger.

To use less of
something so that
you can use it later.

fresh
A thing which is
made not long ago.
Not old.

A fresh cake.
vibration

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 35
 Sound

To move very
quickly and
continuously from
side to side or up
and down.

The vibration of the strings produces sound.

The vibration of the top of the drum produces sound.

sound
Sound is a form
of energy and it is
something that you
hear.

wave

36 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 A wave is a
travelling
disturbance that is
transferring energy
from one place to
another.

light

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 37
 Light and Shadow

Light is a kind of
energy that makes
us able to see.

shadow
Shadow is the dark
area formed when
the source of light
is blocked.

source The sun is a source of light.

A place where
something comes
from.

block

38 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
 To stop somebody
or something.

The sunlight is blocked and the roads are blocked.

transparent
object
An object through
which light
can easily or
completely pass.
Something you can
see through.

SCIENCE DICTIONARY 39
 opaque
object
An object through
which light cannot
pass.

rays
Straight lines of
light.

40 SCIENCE DICTIONARY
Index

animals 24 habit 11
around 33 health 17
block 39 healthy 17
body 15 human being 15
breathe 14 identify 7
care 17 land 25
change 9 leaf 21
characteristic 8 light 38
define 11 liquid 29
develop 12 live 19
different 6 living 13
electricity 34 man-made materials/ 27
objects
energy 18 material 27
external 10 melt 30
feed 22 move 8
flesh 25 movement 31
flesh eater 25 natural 6
flower 21 natural materials 28
food 14 need 13
food 18 opaque object 40
force 31 organ 16
freeze 30 part 15
fresh 35 physical 16
fruit 21 plant 20
funtion 10 plant eater 26
gas 30 pull 32
good soil 22 push 32
grow 13 rays 40
recognise 7
root 20
save 35
science 6
seed 21
sense 11
sense organ 16
shadow 38
soil 22
solid 29
sound 36
source 38
specific 9
stem 20
strong 18
suck 23
tame 24
thing 8
transparent object 39
twist 33
vibration 36
warm 30
waste 34
wave 37
wild 24
 In the making of this book the author
acknowledges the efforts of:

Staff of Azeem Paradise School,

Youth Together for Human Rights Education and
Mr. Usaid Ghauri.

Your dedicated efforts will create brilliant students.

Thank you!

Write to the author at

Author@Ilovewords.org

Youth Together for

Human Rights Education
 For Teachers, Students & Parents

www.ythre.org www.ilovewords.org
info@ythre.org 0311-2050292 021- 34383909

ISBN: 978-0-9932615-0-3

44
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