PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.

School Year 2022-2023

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
SCIENCE (Grade 8)

Mrs. Diana Lopez-Ildefonso and Ms. Anna Karenina P. Pamfilo

Subject Teachers

Lesson 14: The Periodic Trends

Week 29

Dates: March 20-24, 2023

Learning Competency:

Uses the periodic table to predict the chemical behaviour of an element

Kindly read the following instructions:

1. Read and understand the information provided in the lesson.

2. Accomplish the different tasks/activities.
3. Manage your time properly.
4. Use the following icons as your guide.

This icon signals the discussion which contains significant information

that you need to read and analyze for better understanding of the
lesson.

You will see this icon in a quiz and activity that need to be answered
as a way of checking your understanding of the lesson. Keep in mind
the page number indicated for each activity.

You will see this icon at the end of the lesson containing the
significant point/s that you need to remember before moving on to the
next lesson.

The lessons will enable you to predict the chemical behavior of an element using the periodic
table of elements. An activity is provided for the deeper understanding of the lesson.

LAS – SCIENCE 8 Page 1 of 5

 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023

TRY THIS OUT!

“Trending Topic: A Graph Analysis”

1. Construct a graph using the data presented in the table below.

First Set
Symbol Atomic Radius First Ionization Energy
(picometers) (kilojoules/mole)

H 31 1312
Li 128 520
Na 166 496
K 203 410
Rb 220 403
Cs 244 376
Second Set
Symbol Atomic Radius First Ionization Energy
(picometers) (kilojoules/mole)

Na 166 496
Mg 141 738
Al 121 578
Si 111 787
P 107 1012
S 105 1000

2. Use colored pens in connecting the plotted values. Use red pen for atomic radius and blue pen for
first ionization energy.
3. Observe the trends in each graph.
4. What patterns have you observed with regards to the atomic radius and ionization energy of the
elements in the First Set? In the Second Set?
5. Does the atomic radius increase from Na to S? What can you infer from this?

The properties of elements vary within a group and across the period. The periodic table will help us in
predicting the properties of elements that are not directly visible, such as atomic radius, ionization
energy, ionic size, electron affinity, metallic and nonmetallic properties, and electronegativity.

READ AND LEARN

Trends in the Periodic Table

The properties of elements vary within a group and across the period. The periodic table will
help us in predicting the properties of elements that are not directly visible, such as atomic radius,
ionization energy, ionic size, electron affinity, metallic and non-metallic properties, and
electronegativity. In this part of the lesson, you must prepare your own periodic table to be able to
understand the chemical behaviour of an element.

Atomic Radius is generally stated as being the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost
orbital of electrons. In simpler terms, it can be defined as something similar to the radius of a circle,
where the centre of the circle is the nucleus and the outer edge of the circle is the outermost orbital of
electrons. Atomic radii generally decrease from left to right across a period.

LAS – SCIENCE 8 Page 2 of 5

 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023
Metallic and Non-metallic property
Elements are classified as metals if their outer energy levels have three or less electrons, while those
with five electrons or more are considered non-metals. Metallic property is the ability of atoms to lose
electrons, while non-metallic property is the ability of the atom to gain or accept electrons. The most
metallic elements are found on the left and at the bottom of the periodic table. The metallic property
decreases across the period and increases from top to bottom within a group in the periodic table.

Ionization energy (IE) refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an isolated, gaseous
atom or ion in its ground state. Ionization energy increases as atoms become smaller because in this
case, electrons are more attracted to the nucleus. Thus, ionization energy increases from left to right
in a period and increases from bottom to top in a family. Across the period, the nuclear charge
increases, while down the group, the atomic size increases due to an increase in principal energy level;
thus, the electrons are far from the nucleus and the electrons will be easily removed from the atom
requiring only a small amount of ionization energy.

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Electronegativity

depends on the following: (a) the number of shells shielding the nucleus from the outer-shell electrons;
(b) the charge of the nucleus; and (c) the distance of the outer electrons from the nucleus.
Electronegativity decreases within a group as you go from top to bottom. This electronegativity indicates
that atoms of metals have a greater tendency to lose electrons than atoms of non-metals.
Electron affinity (EA) is the energy released when an incoming electron is finally added to an isolated
atom or neutral atom in its ground state. The electron affinities become smaller (more negative) from
left to right across a period in the periodic table, and become larger (less negative) from top to bottom
within a group.

LAS – SCIENCE 8 Page 3 of 5

 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023

DON’T FORGET

The Periodic table will help us in predicting the properties of elements that are not
directly visible such as atomic radius, ionization energy, ionic size, electron affinity, metallic
and non-metallic properties, and electronegativity.

Now that you are done with your lesson, let’s check your understanding by accomplishing the activity.

Answer Activity: Periodic Trends

CONGRATULATIONS! JOB WELL DONE!

Sources:
● K12 Learning Materials
● Vengco, L. (2015). Science Links 8. Quezon City, Manila: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
● Religioso, T. (2014). You and the Natural World 8. Quezon City, Manila: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
● https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Des
criptive_Chemistry/Periodic_Trends_of_Elemental_Properties/Periodic_Trends
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/ionization-energy/
● https://quizlet.com/242294619/periodic-trends-diagram/

LAS – SCIENCE 8 Page 4 of 5

 PAOMBONG HIGH SCHOOL, INC.
School Year 2022-2023
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
SCIENCE 8
Name: _________________________________ Grade and section: ___________
Week 29 Date: March 20-24, 2023

Activity: Periodic Trends

Directions: Using the periodic table below, predict the chemical behavior of an element. Use arrows
and labels to emphasize your answer. Then, answer the questions that follow.

1. Which element has the highest ionization energy? Fluorine (F), Nitrogen (N), or Helium (He)?
Why?

2. Which has more metallic character, Lead (Pb) or Tin (Sn)? Why?

3. Which element has more electronegativity, sulfur (S) or selenium (Se)? Why?

4. Rewrite the following list in order of decreasing electron affinity: fluorine (F), phosphorous (P),
boron (B), Lithium (Li), sulfur (S).

1. Which element has the highest ionization energy? Fluorine, Nitrogen, or Helium? Why?
(5 points)

2. Which has more metallic character, Lead or Tin? Why? (5 points)

3. Which element has more electronegativity, Sulfur or Selenium? Why? (5 points)

4. Arrange the following elements according to decreasing electron affinity: Fluorine,

Phosphorous, Boron, Lithium, Sulfur. (5 points)

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