INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL,

SHARJAH

To determine
the velocity of a pulse propagated through a stretched
string/slinky.
Submitted by:
Azraa Salim

CBSE REG: 17848

Under the guidance

Of
Ms. Maniza Sofi
2023-2024

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 INDIA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SHARJAH

CERTIFICATE

Department of Chemistry

This is to certify that Azraa Salim of class 11-C has carried out
the necessary investigatory project under my supervision for the
academic year,
2023-2024

Seal Teacher In-charge

Ms. Maniza Sofi

Date:
Year: 2023-2024

(Examiner)

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 AKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my Physics

teacher Mrs.Swapna mam for their support in completing my
investigatory project on Surface tension in Liquids.

I would like to extend my thanks and gratitude to our principal mam

Mrs.Manju and lab assistant Mrs.Shifa Mam for the guidance and for
providing me with all the necessary facilities that were required to do
this project.

I would like to thank my parents and friends who helped me with their
valuable suggestions, guidance, and support for completing this
project within the limited time frame.

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 INDEX

SERIAL NO CONTENT PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION

2 APPARATUS

3 PROCEDURE

4 OBSERVATIONS

5 RESULT

6 PRECAUTIONS

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INRODUCTION:

Wavelength of longitudinal waves can be defined as:

The distance covered by one complete rarefaction and one complete
compression. [Or] The distance between two consecutive compressions or
rarefactions.
Frequency: The number of vibrations made by a particle in the slinky per unit
time (one second) is called its frequency. It is denoted by the symbol (neu).

Where T is the time period which is the time taken to complete one wavelength.
Transverse Waves:
When the particles of the medium periodically move up and down,
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave, it is called transverse
wave. A transverse wave consists of alternate crests and troughs. While the
wave disturbance moves in the forward direction, the medium particles show
upward movement, the topmost position of displacement is known as crest. The
maximum downward displacement is known as trough.
The wavelength of a transverse wave can be defined as:
Distance between two consecutive crests (C) or Distance between two
consecutive troughs (T) or Distance covered by one complete crest or one
complete trough (T).
Transfer waves can easily be produced along a slinky or a rope by jerking the
free end up and down uniformly.

Wavelength
The distance travelled by the disturbance during the time period is known as
wavelength ie., length of a wave. It is denoted by the symbol λ. The wavelength
is equal to the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs (in case of
transverse wave).

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Wave Velocity or Pulse Velocity: Wave velocity is the distance travelled by the
wave per second.
When the wave travels distance, λ in time T, its velocity v is equal to,

It means,
Wave Velocity = Wave Frequency X Wave Length.

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APPARATUS:

 Meter Scale
 Slinky
 Fixed hook

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PROCEDURE:
For Transverse Waves
1. Take a slinky and place it lengthwise on the smooth surface of the table.
2. Tie one end of the slinky with the fixed hook.
3. Hold the free end of the slinky and stretch it (1 to 3 m depending upon the
nature of slinky).
4. Move your hand periodically and uniformly at right angles to the length of
the slinky.
5. Observe the propagation of the wave through the slinky and observe the
formation of crests and troughs.
For Longitudinal Waves
6. Compress the free end of the slinky periodically and observe the slinky.
Did you see an alternate compressions and rarefactions passing through the
slinky?
7. Measure the wavelength by measuring the distance between two consecutive
troughs (T and T) or two crests (C and C) in case of transverse wave. In case of
longitudinal wave, λ is equal to distance between two consecutive compressions
(C and C) or rarefactions (R and R).
8. Note the time as pulse (wave) passes through slinky for a particular distance
from which we can find out the velocity of the wave.

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OBSERVATIONS:

1. On jerking the free end of a slinky at a right angle to its length, there is
formation of crests and troughs, along the slinky from free end toward its fixed
end.
2. When regular compressions are given at the free end of the slinky, there is
movement of wave from free end towards its fixed end. The movement of the
wave is associated with the formation of compression and rarefactions.

RESULT:
The velocity of a pulse (wave) propagated through a stretched slinky
=………………..m/s

PRECAUTIONS:

1. The slinky should have appropriate length, elasticity and flexibility.

2. One end of the slinky should be fixed properly.
3. The top of the table should be smooth.