1.

Political ideologies: Sets of beliefs, values, and ideas that

shape political views and guide decision-making in areas
such as governance, economics, and social policies.
Examples include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and
anarchism.

2. Power: The ability or capacity to influence or control the

behavior of others, often associated with authority,
leadership, or control over resources. Power can be
exercised through various means, such as coercion,
persuasion, or legitimate authority.

3. States: Political entities characterized by a defined territory,

a government, and a population. States have the authority
to make and enforce laws within their borders and engage
in international relations.

4. Nations: Groups of people with a shared sense of identity,

often based on factors such as language, culture, history, or
ethnicity. A nation may or may not have its own
independent state.

5. Globalization: The process of increasing

interconnectedness and integration of economies, cultures,
societies, and political systems across the world. It involves
the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas on
a global scale.
6. Authority: The legitimate or recognized right to exercise
power and control over others. Authority can be derived
from various sources, such as laws, traditions, positions of
leadership, or consent of the governed.

7. Bureaucracy: A hierarchical organizational structure

characterized by specialized roles, rules, and procedures.
Bureaucracies are often associated with government
institutions or large organizations and aim to ensure
efficiency, consistency, and accountability in decision-
making and implementation.

8. Democracy: A system of government where power is

vested in the people, who exercise it directly or through
elected representatives. It typically involves principles such
as political equality, majority rule, protection of individual
rights, and regular elections.

9. Political Party: An organized group of individuals with

shared political goals and ideologies. Political parties aim to
gain political power through elections and influence public
policy by nominating candidates, promoting their platforms,
and mobilizing supporters

Political identity: The aspect of an individual’s self-concept

that relates to their political beliefs, affiliations, and values.
Political identity can be shaped by factors such as ideology,
party affiliation, cultural background, and personal
experiences.