Human Resource Management

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Human Resource Management Functions Applications and Skill Development 2nd Edition Lussier T

Lussier and Hendon, Human Resource Management, 2e Instructor Resource

Chapter 2: Strategy-Driven Human Resource Management

Multiple Choice

1. Which major external business force requires organizations to continually improve their
products to create value?
a. Suppliers
b. Labor force
c. Customers
d. Governments
e. Competition
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 2-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The External Environment
Question Type: MC

2. When an organization analyzes the environment better than a competitor and is therefore able
to react quicker, what is created?
a. External strategy
b. Sustainable competitive advantage
c. Mission
d. A productivity vortex
e. Differentiation from competitors
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 2-1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What is strategy?
Question Type: MC

3. What major external business force creates both opportunities and threats for organizations
through the rules and regulations that it sets?
a. Society
b. Technology
c. Economy
d. Government
e. Society
Ans: D

Visit TestBankDeal.com to get complete for all chapters

Lussier and Hendon, Human Resource Management, 2e Instructor Resource

Learning Objective: 2-1

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The External Environment
Question Type: MC

4. SWOT Analysis is:

a. An analysis of the company’s strongest relationships, weakest relationships, overhead costs,
and total market share
b. A list made by an independent auditing firm of the company’s successes, weaknesses,
obligations, and threats of new competition
c. A listing and evaluation of the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
d. A collection of government required special requirements, working audits, other regulatory
fees, and transaction fees
e. An analysis of the company’s supplier relationships, worker relationships, overhead costs, and
total market share
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 2-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Strategic Analysis
Question Type: MC

5. Holding award dinners for top employees is an example of which artifact?

a. Ceremonies
b. Symbols
c. Stories
d. Slogans
e. Heroes
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 2-5
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Artifacts
Question Type: MC

6. What major external business force to a significant extent determines what acceptable business
practices for the organization are?
a. Customers
b. Suppliers
c. Governments
d. Shareholders
e. Society
Lussier and Hendon, Human Resource Management, 2e Instructor Resource

Ans: e
Learning Objective: 2-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The External Environment
Question Type: MC

7. What is the third level of culture?

a. Values and beliefs
b. Assumptions
c. Behavior
d. Opinions
e. Artifacts
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 2-5
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Three Levels of Culture
Question Type: MC

8. Two of the most common strategic HRM measurement tools include:

a. Economic Value Added and Return on Investment
b. Employee Turnover Rate and Recruiting Yield Ratio
c. Economic Value Added and Employee Turnover Rate
d. Return on Investment and Employee Turnover Rate
e. Employee Turnover Rate and Current Ratio
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 2-7
Answer Location: Measurement Tools for Strategic HRM
Question Type: MC

9. Firm performance is not just a function of a company’s own actions but must also be
understood with relation to the actions of what major external business force?
a. Labor force
b. Customers
c. The economy
d. Competition
e. Society
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 2-1
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The External Environment
Another random document with
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The anatomy of the
domestic fowl
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.

Title: The anatomy of the domestic fowl

Author: B. F. Kaupp

Release date: August 8, 2023 [eBook #71368]

Language: English

Original publication: Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1918

Credits: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANATOMY

OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL ***
Transcriber’s Note:
New original cover art included with this eBook is
granted to the public domain.
 The Anatomy
of the
Domestic Fowl
By
B. F. Kaupp, M. S., D. V. M.
Poultry Investigator and Pathologist in the North Carolina Experiment Station, State
Department of Agriculture, and the State College of Agriculture; Formerly Director of
Anatomy Laboratory, Kansas City Veterinary College

Illustrated

Philadelphia and London

W. B. Saunders Company
1918
 Copyright, 1918, by W. B. Saunders Company

PRINTED IN AMERICA

To
DAN T. GRAY, B. S., A. B., M. S.
C ,A I D ,N C
E S
A T R G T
V D
B
THE AUTHOR
 FOREWORD

Advanced work in the study of poultry husbandry is now being

done in this country, to a greater or less extent, at all the two score
and more Agricultural and other Colleges and Experiment Stations.
From these institutions comes the demand for a text-book on the
Anatomy of the Domestic Fowl. No complete text-book on the
subject, up to the present, has existed. It is with the hope of meeting
the demand that this book is published.
In supplementing the information gathered from the books and
articles listed in the bibliography, the author has spent much time
and effort in obtaining the matter here presented. As this, however,
is the initial complete text on the subject necessarily much remains
to be added and corrected. The author would welcome suggestions
and corrections from any one into whose hands the book may come.

B. F. K .

T N C S C A ,
W R ,N C ,
September, 1918.
CONTENTS
 OSTEOLOGY

P
O S 17
C B 20
C B 21
S F 21
Axial Skeleton 23
Cranium and Face 23
Occipital 25
Ethmoid 27
Sphenoid 28
Frontal 29
Parietal 29
Temporal 29
Premaxilla 31
Maxilla 32
Nasal 32
Lacrimal 32
Palatine 33
Pterygoid 33
Zygomatic 33
Vomer 33
Jugal and Quadrato-jugal 33
Quadrate 34
Inferior Maxilla 34
Turbinate Bones 34
Hyoid 35
Vertebral Column 35
Cervical Vertebræ 35
Atlas 37
Axis 37
Dorsal Vertebræ 39
Lumbo-sacral Vertebræ 39
Coccygeal Vertebræ 41
Ribs 41
Sternum 42
Appendicular Skeleton 43
Shoulder Girdle 43
Fore Limb 44
 Pelvic Girdle 48
Hind Limb 50

ARTHROLOGY
K J 56
M J 56
L S 57
L :
Ear 58
Jaw 58
Vertebræ 58
Ribs 59
Sternum 59
Shoulder-joint 61
Elbow-joint 61
Carpal Joint 62
Finger 64
Pelvis 65
Hip-joint 65
Knee-joint 65
Tibio-metatarsal Joint 69
Toes 69

MYOLOGY
K S M 70
F 71
M N 71
True Dermal Muscles 71
Dermo-osseous Muscles 73
Muscles of the Head 76
Muscles of the Tongue 79
Cervical Muscles 81
Muscles of the Air Passages 86
Superior Larynx 86
Inferior Larynx 86
Sternal Muscles 90
Abdominal Muscles 90
Dorsolumbar Muscles 92
Coccygeal Muscles 93
Costal Muscles 96
Anterior Pectoral Muscles 99
 Pectoral Muscles 100
Muscles of the Scapular Region 101
Muscles of the Brachial Region 104
Muscles of the Forearm and Hand 105
Digital Muscles 109
Muscles of the Posterior Limb 111
Tibial Group of Muscles 117
Muscles of the Eye 124
Muscles of the Ear 128
F M 128

SPLANCHNOLOGY
D A 135
Mouth 135
Tongue 139
Pharynx 141
Glands Adjacent to Mouth and Pharynx 141
Esophagus 142
Crop 142
Stomach 143
Proventriculus 143
Gizzard 145
Small Intestine 147
Large Intestine 150
Cæca 151
Cloaca 151
C F 152
A O D 152
Liver 153
Pancreas 155
Spleen 155
A P C 156
P M 156
R V O D F 158
R V O B C 165
U - S 169
Urinary Apparatus 169
Kidneys 169
Ureter 174
Male Generative Organs 175
Testicles 175
 Vas Deferens 178
Female Generative Organs 178
Egg 180
Oviduct 182
Parts of the Oviduct 183
Ligaments of the Oviduct 188
D G 190
Thyroid Gland 190
Thymus Gland 190
Adrenal Gland 191
R A 193
Nostrils and Nasal Chambers 193
Pharynx and Superior Larynx 193
Trachea 194
Inferior Larynx 194
Bronchi and the Lungs 195
Air-sacs 199

ANGIOLOGY
C A 206
Heart 206
Structure of the Heart 207
Blood-vessels 209
Structure of the Capillaries and Arteries 209
Structure of the Veins 211
Arterial Trunks 211
Branches of:
Arteria Brachiocephalica 213
Arteria Carotis Cerebralis Interna 214
Arteria Carotis Externa 214
Arteria Carotis Facialis 214
Aorta Posterior 224
Venous Trunks 233
Branches of:
Venæ Cavæ Anteriores 234
Vena Jugularis 237
Vena Occipitalis Externa 239
Venous Sinuses of the Head 239
Veins of the Brain Cavity 241
Veins of the Neck 242
Branches of the Vena Subclavia 243
 Veins of the Dorsal Region 243
Veins of the Thorax 244
Veins of the Fore Limb 245
Branches of the Iliaca 246
Branches of the Vena Iliaca Interna 247
Posterior Vena Cava 247
Veins of the Posterior Extremity 248
Branches of the Vena Cava Posterior 248
Veins of the Caudal Region and Pelvic Cavity 250
Veins of the Truncus Vena Iliaca Communis 252
Visceral Veins of the Posterior Vena Cava 252
Lymphatic System 254
B F 257
F E 261

NEUROLOGY
N S 264
Cranial Nerves 265
Olfactorius 265
Opticus 267
Motoris Oculi 267
Patheticus 268
Trifacialis 268
Abducentes 270
Facialis and Acousticus 271
Vagus Group 272
Glosso-pharyngeus 272
Vagus or Pneumogastricus 273
Accessorius Spinalis 274
Hypoglossus 274
Spinal Cord 275
Structure of the Cord 275
Structure of the Nerve Trunks and Ganglia 277
Spinal Nerves 281
Brachial Plexus 282
Lumbo-sacral or Crural Plexus 285
Brain 288
Coverings of the Brain 288
Structure of the Brain 289
Divisions of the Brain 290
Sympathetic Nervous System 297
 Functions of the Nervous System 300

ESTHESIOLOGY
S O 303
Sight 303
Hearing 305
Smell 307
Taste 307
Touch 307
S A 309

EMBRYOLOGY
S 318
O 319
F 319
O L S C 330
Living Embryo 330
Preparation for Study of Entire Embryos and Sections 330
Points to be Observed in the Study 332
D G - 342
P S S 343
Directions for Dissecting Muscles 343
Directions for Study of the Viscera 344
Directions for Study of the Arteries 345
Study of the Structure of Bones 346
Special Technic for Dissection of Cranial and Spinal Nerves 347
Directions for Study of Soft Structures 347
To Stain Sections of Liver for Study of Kupffer Cells 349
To Prepare Anatomical Specimens for Museum 349
To Make Specimens Transparent 350
E D L 351

B 353
I 355
 ANATOMY
OF THE
DOMESTIC FOWL
 OSTEOLOGY

Osseous Structure.—Bone is structurally modified connective tissue which

has become hard by being impregnated with calcium salts.
Kinds of Bone Tissue.—There are two kinds of bone tissue: substantia
compacta, or compact bone tissue; and substantia spongiosa, or spongy,
cancellous bone tissue.
Compact Bone Tissue.—The compact bone tissue forms the hard outer layer of
all bones. It is thickest in the shaft and becomes thin toward the extremities.
Through the compact bone tissue approximately parallel with the longitudinal axis
of the bone, run canals called Haversian canals, through which pass blood and
lymph vessels for the nourishment of the bone and nerves. The Haversian canals
are surrounded by concentric lamellæ. The spaces between the cylinders thus
formed are filled with interstitial lamellæ; and both the exterior surface of the
bone and the interior surface surrounding the medullary canal, are built up of
peripheral, or circumferential lamellæ. Between the lamellæ, somewhat
irregularly placed, are minute reservoirs, called lacunæ, which contain bone
corpuscles. From the lacunæ radiate minute canals, or canaliculi, which maintain
circulation through the bone substance, and which communicate with the
Haversian canals. Complex anastomoses exist among the canaliculi. Still other
channels for the passage of blood-vessels are Volkmann’s canals which pierce the
peripheral lamellæ, thus allowing vessels to pass from the periosteum to the
Haversian canals. Similar channels afford communication between the inner
Haversian canals and the medullary cavity.
The entire structure composed of an Haversian canal, its surrounding lamellæ,
lacunæ, and canaliculi, with their contained vessels, is called an Haversian
system.
Cancellous Bone Tissue.—The cancellous bone tissue forms the bulk of the
short, flat, and irregular bones and of the extremities of the long bones. It consists
of delicate bony plates and spicules, which intercross in various directions. The
spaces between these plates and spicules, called cancelli, are occupied by marrow
except in the bones that are pneumatic. The blood-vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
course through this marrow but are not arranged in an Haversian system.
 F . 1.—Longitudinal section of compact
bone of the femur of the hen. 1, Haversian
canals. 2, Lacunæ with their canaliculi.

The Periosteum.—Covering the surface of bone, except at the articular surface

where it is covered with cartilage, is a membrane, the periosteum, which consists
of two layers: an outer, fibrous, protective layer, and an inner, cellular, osteogenic
layer. The outer layer consists principally of white fibrous tissue. The inner layer
contains many more connective-tissue cells, which gradually become more closely
aggregated as we proceed toward the osseous surface; but there is no sharply
defined line of demarcation between the two periosteal layers.

F . 2.—Transverse section of compact

bone of the femur of the hen. 1, The lacunæ
and canaliculi. 2, The periosteum.
 F . 3.—Transverse section of compact
bone of the femur of the hen showing the
lacunæ and canaliculi under high
magnification.

The periosteum is firmly attached to the bone by trabeculæ of fibrous tissue,

called the fibers of Sharpey. These fibers of Sharpey penetrate the bone at right
angles to its surface and carry blood-vessels.
Marrow.—There are two kinds of marrow: yellow, or medulla ossium flava, and
red, or medulla ossium rubra.
The yellow marrow occurs in all bones except the femur and proximal portion
of the tibia of adult fowls. It is composed of a network of fibrous tissue carrying
blood-vessels, fat cells, and myelocytes, or marrow cells.
The red marrow is found throughout the femur and the proximal portion of the
tibia, and in a few of the pelvic bones and vertebræ in the adult fowl, and in
certain other bones of the baby chick. Red marrow consists of a delicate network
of connective tissue supporting a dense capillary plexus, a small amount of fat,
and numerous cells. The cellular elements of red marrow consist of marrow cells
which contain large nuclei and possess ameboid movement, red blood cells, giant
cells containing one or more nuclei, and various kinds of leucocytes, including
eosinophiles, mast cells, and also osteoclasts.
Growth of Bone.—In the baby chick, only the shaft and a portion of the
extremities of the long bones are thoroughly ossified, the extreme ends, and of the
femur most of the articular head, being cartilaginous. The bones grow in length by
an increase in the cartilage, the cartilage gradually becoming ossified. Growth in
diameter is accomplished by the constant deposition of new layers of bone
beneath the periosteum. During this process the osteoclasts absorb the bone from
within. The formation of the marrow cavity is thus effected.

Classification of Bones.—The bones of the fowl are classified as long, short,

flat, and irregular.
Long Bones.—The long bones occur in the legs and wings, where they serve as
levers to sustain weight and make locomotion possible. A long bone consists of a
shaft and two extremities. The superior is called the proximal and the inferior the
distal extremity. The expanded articular surfaces in forming joints with adjoining
bones afford ample space for the attachment of ligaments. The shaft is cylindrical
and hollow.
Short Bones.—Short bones occur in the feet and in the wings. Their structure is
similar to that of the long bones.
Flat Bones.—The flat bones occur where extensive protection is needed, as in
the cranial region; or where large surface for muscular attachments is needed, as
in the costal and pelvic regions. Flat bones are made up of two thin layers of
compact bone with a variable amount of cancellous tissue interposed.
Irregular Bones.—The irregular bones include the vertebræ, the patellæ, and
the carpal bones.

Composition of Bone.—Bone consists of organic and inorganic matter.

Organic matter gives toughness and elasticity to the bone, and inorganic matter
hardness. The organic substance of bone is called ossein. When boiled in water
ossein is resolved into gelatin. The following tables[1] give the results of an analysis
of the femur, fresh, of a mature hen.
1. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to Dan M. McCarty, Chemist, Animal Industry Division,
North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, for this analysis.

Fresh femur:
Water 18.23 per cent.
Dry matter 81.77 per cent.
Dry matter:
Organic matter 63.09 parts
Inorganic matter 18.68 parts
Salts in dry matter:
Calcium 6.970 per cent.
Magnesium 0.283 per cent.
Potassium 0.004 per cent.
Sodium 0.276 per cent.
Iron 0.020 per cent.
Phosphorus 3.210 per cent.
Sulphur 0.085 per cent.
Chlorine 0.520 per cent.
Carbon dioxid 0.550 per cent.

The inorganic matter of the femur of the hen consists of 18.68 parts or 22.84
per cent. of dry matter, and the organic matter of 77.16 per cent. Stated in other
words the femur, including its contained marrow, consists of organic and
inorganic matter in the ratio of 3.4, approximately, to 1.