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X ICSE PHYSICS 24 AUG 2023

SOLUTIONS
SECTION - A

I.

1. (B)  = c / v = 1 / sinc

3  108 1
  v = 1.5 × 108 m/s.
v sin 30º

2. (C) Greater than its real distance.

3. (B)

4. (B)

5. (C) 2.sin30º = 1.sinr

r = 45º

6. (D) A = 60º, = 2i – A, i = (3/4) A

= A / 2 = 30º

7. (B) Second-class lever.

8. (D) See-Saw.

9. (C) 50 N
E = L / M.A.  E = 400 / 4 = 100 N.

10. (B) Work input = Effort × distance = 100 × 2 = 200 J

M.A. = 6, Work output = Input work × M.A. = 200 J × 6 = 1200 J

11. (B) a = 20 / 5 = 4 m/s2

F = ma = 1000 × 4 = 4000 N
1
4000   4  t 2
2  8000  5  40,000 W
P = Work done / Time =
t
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12. (A) Pi  2 km

Pf  2  4 km

Pf  2 2 km = 2Pi

13. (D) Wmg = mgh = 50 × 2 = – 100 J

Work done against gravity = +100 J

14. (A) Net moment of force = 0.6 × 40 + 0.4 ×60 = 24 + 24

15. (C) Work output of a machine = 500 × 8 = 4000 J

Work input in a machine = 200 × t
80 4000

100 200  t
40 10
t   25 s
2 8

II. (a) (i) A is a movable pulley.

B is a fixed pulley.
(ii) It changes the direction of effort applied on the string.
(iii) Effort required is 10 kgf as M.A. is 2.

(b) (i) Speed

(ii) 3.6 × 106 J

(c) (i) Heat energy to light energy.

(ii) Heat energy to mechanical energy.

(d) The factors affecting the turning effect of body are

(i) Magnitude of force
(ii) r distance line of action of force from the pivoted point.

45º

(e) 30º 30º

45º

Applying Snell’s law

1.sin45º = 2.sinr

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 1
(f) K  mv 2
2
2
1  2 v  4 2
Change in K.E.  2 m v   3    a mv
   
(g) (i) Class-II (ii) Class-I

III. (a) Work done for 1 bed = 1 J

 Work done for 72 beats = 72 J
 Power of heart = W/t = 72 / 60 = 1.2 W

(b) The rays coming from a distant star suffer refraction on passing through air, with
the result that we see the apparent position of star. This apparent position changes
rapidly due to the motion of air at different temperature. Thus, the apparent
position of star which varies rapidly gives rise to twinkling effect.

(c) m = 40 kg
1
K .E.  mv2
2
1
500   40  v 2
2
v = 25 = 5 ms–1

(d) From the statement it implies that if a ray of light is travelling from diamond to air,
strikes the surface of seperation at an angle of incidence of 24º, then the angle of
refraction in air is 90º.
= 1/sinC

(e) M.A. = L / E = 1500 / 1000 = 1.5

M.A. 1.5
n  100%   100  75%
V.R. 2
SECTION - B

IV. (a) Mechanical advantage = L / E = 1500N / 1000 N = 1.5

M.A. 1.5
Efficiency   100   100  75%
V.R. 2

(b) (i) The apparatus is right angled isosceles prism.

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 45º

45º
45º

90º 45º

(ii) A ray turns through 90º in right-angled isosceles prism.

(c) (i) Sugar tongs is a lever of third order, because, the effort acts in the middle,
the load acts at one end and the fulcrum at the other end.

(ii) By the principle of lever

Effort × Effort arm = Load × load arm
50 kg × Effort arm = 750 kgF × 0.2 m
750  0.2 m
 Effort arm   3m
50

V. (a) Refractive index = Speed of light in air or vacuum/ Speed of light in given medium
3  108 ms 1
2.4 
speed of light in a given medium

3  108 ms1
Speed of light in a given medium  = 1.25 ×108 ms–1
2.4

X
[Rarer medium]
(b) (i) Q
R
[Denser medium]
Totally reflected
C r ray
P S1
S
P Y

POY = C is the critical angle for ray PQ, when angle of refraction
XQR = 90º Ray SQ is totally internally reflected along QS, as angle of
incidence SQY is greater than critical angle.

(ii) Refractive index of denser medium with respect to rarer medium = 1/sinC

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 T
(c) (i) T E
T T
T

(ii) (1) Mechanical energy = L/E = 1000N / 320N = 3.125

M.A. 3.125
(2) Percentage efficiency   100   100  78.125%
V.R. 4

VI. (a) (i) Starting from say angle of incidence is 30º, when the angle of deviation
decreases, till for some particular angle of incidence its value is minimum.
On further increasing the angle of incidence the angle of deviation starts
increasing.
(ii) With the increase in wavelength for a particular angle of incidence the angle of
deviation decreases. It value is minimum for the end wavelength of light and
maximum for violet wavelength of light.

A L

(b) (i) A1

B
X B1 O X

L'

(ii) X is the principal focus of concave lens.

Q
(c) (i)
P1

P2

(ii) P2, the second image is brightest.

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VII. (a) Energy (E) = 6.4 kJ = 6400 J
S = 64 m
t = 2.5 s

(i) E=F×S
6400 = F × 64
 F = 6400 / 64 = 10 N

(ii) P = E / t = 6400J / 2.5 s = 2560 W

 Power in horse power = Power in Watts / 746 = 2560 / 746 = 3.43 HP

(b) (i) (1) Load and effort act vertically downward.

(2) The tension (T) in the string acts vertically upward.

Hook Fixed Pulley

T
T T
E
Movable Pulley

Load

(ii) The weight of the movable pulley system should be decreased as far as
possible. This will increase the mechanical energy.

(c) (i) Total mechanical energy at A = P.E. + K.E.= mg(x+y) + (1/2)m (0)2
= mg (x+y)

(ii) Total mechanical energy at B = P.E.+ K.E. = mgy + (1/2)m (2gx)

= mgy + mgx = mg(x+y)

(iii) Total mechanical energy at C = P.E.+ K.E. = mg×0 + (1/2)m{2g(x+y)}

= mg(x+y)
(iv) The above calculations verify the law of conservation of energy which states:
“The sum total of energy in a stystem is a constant quantity. It can neither be
produced nor be destroyed, no matter, it can change its form.”

VIII. (a) (i) Work done = Force × distance = Weight × Height = m × g × h

= 50 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 2m = 980 J

(ii) Potential energy gained = m × g × h = 50 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 2m = 980 J

(iii) Power = Work done/Time = 980J / 4s = 245 W.

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 (b) Moment of Force = F × r distance × sin() = 100 N × 0.2 m × sin(30º) = 10 Nm

(c) (i) = 0

(ii) Lateral displacement (d) = 0
(iii) Distance between Incident point and emergence point will be 4 cm
3  108
(iv) V   2  108 m/s
1.5

45º 45º
IX. (a) 45º 45º
45º 45º
45º 45º
45º 45º
45º
A B

(i) The ray of light falling normally on the glass-air surface or air-glass
surface. Passes undeviated through it.

(ii) The ray of light travelling from glass, when strikes the glass-air surface at an
angle of incidence equal to 45º which is greater than the critical angle, suffers
total internal reflection.

P A
90º 60º
(b) Q
B 60º

(i) At the face AB, i = 0º and the face AC, i = 60º

(ii) At the face AB – refraction

at the face AC – total internal reflection
at the face BC – refraction.

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 (c) (i) Since the image formed by the lenses erect, virtual and diminished, the lens is
concave. The outline of the lens is shown in fig.

L Q
B
B' P
F1
A F2 A' 0

C
Concave lens

(ii) The light ray BO incident at the optical centre O of the lens, passes undeviated
as OC after refraction by the lens.

(iii) The light ray BP is incident parallel to the principal axis. If emerges as PQ
after refraction which appears to diverge from the second focus F2 of the
lens.

(iv) The refracted rays OC and PQ do not actually meet, they appear to diverge
to OPtB'. The B' is the virtual image of the point B. The complete A'B' is
obtained by r from B' on the line F2OF1. Image is between O and F2.

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