Science Reviewer – With Answers

1. What principle would be violated if the universe has edges?

-Principle of Homogeneity

2. The universe has no edges, because that would violate the principle of _____.

-Isotropy

3. Order of the planets, from innermost planet to outermost.

-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

4. It is a giant gas world that is the most massive planet in the solar system.

-Jupiter

5. It is the property by which all directions appear indistinguishable to an observer expanding

with the universe.

-Isotropy

6. It is the consequence of their motion relative to us.

-Cosmotological red shift

7. These are interpreted as effects caused by the movement of the source away from the

observer.

-Doppler shifts

8. It is the creation of the elements caused by nuclear reactions.

-Nucleosynthesis

9. What was the temperature when big bang nucleosynthesis began?

-10sub9 K

10. It began one minute after the big bang.

-Big bang nucleosynthesis

11. It is the process by which elements are created within stars by combining the protons and

neutrons together from the nuclei of lighter elements.

 -Stellar nucleosynthesis

12. All of the atoms in the universe began as ____.

-Hydrogen

13. What are the elements formed in the stellar nucleosynthesis.

-Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium

14. The elements formed in this stage range from oxygen through to iron, and also uranius and

gold.

-Supernova nucleosynthesis

15. In this stage, element formation occurs in such massive stars both during the pre-explosion

evolution and during the explosion itself.

-Supernova nucleosynthesis

16. This greek word means indivisible or incapable of being cut.

-Atomos

17. These are tiny but identical particles that possesses the chemical properties of an element.

-Atoms

18. These are the simplest substances found in nature that cannot be further broken down by

ordinary chemical means.

-Atoms

19. They are the greek philosopers who were regarded as the first atomic theorists in the greek

tradition.

-Leucippus and Democritus

20. This played an important role in the evolution of modern science.

-Alchemy

21. Here, the particles are packed tightly together so they are unable to move about very much.

-Solid
22. Particles of this state of matter have just enough room to flow around each other so they have

an indefinite shape.

-Liquid

23. This state of matter have particles that have a great deal of space between them and have high

kinetic energy.

-Gas

24. It consists of highly charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy.

-Plasma

25. Extremely low temperature, molecular motion comes very close to stopping altogether. It has

no kinetic energy and sometimes called, “Super Atom.”

-Bose-Einstein Condensate

26. The size or shape of matter may be changed, but no chemical reactions occurs.

-Physical change

27. It is a chemical reaction involving the arrangement of atoms.

-Chemical change

28. The elements can change from one to another.

-Nuclear change

29. It tells that the positive charge must be balanced to the negative charges, like negatively

charged plums surrounded by positively charged pudding.

-Plum Pudding Model (1904)

30. Who proposed the plum pudding model or raisin bun model?

-J.J. Thomson and the Electron

31. This experiment demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus.

-Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

32. He designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as

probes to the unseen world of atomic structure.

 -Ernest Rutherford

33. Who proposed the solid sphere model or bowling ball model?

-John Dalton

34. The idea of this experiment was to measure how much the alpha particles were deflected

from their original course when they passed through the gold foil.

-Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment

35. In this model, the electrons (as we know them today) were thought to be positioned

throughout the atom in rotating rings.

-The Orbiting Electrons

36. They have no electrical charge but they add significantly to the mass of an atom.

-Neutrons

37. Particles that have a positive charge.

-Protons

38. They have a negative charge.

-Electrons

39. What is the formula for getting the amount of neutrons?

- Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic Number

40. Who proposed the orbiting electrons model?

Neils Bohr