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12. 坐標簡介 (Introduction to


(https://www.study-together.com/edu) > 初中園地 (https://www.stu
Coordinates)

12.1 直角坐標/卡氏坐標 (Cartesian Coordinate)

喺 初中坐標幾何 入面,最常用嘅係卡氏坐標(或稱直角坐標)。下圖顯示咗一個直角坐標,而當中有一點
P。

在直角坐標上,點嘅位置是以”坐標”來表示的。例如P點的坐標是(a, b),當中
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初中坐標幾何 >> 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/introducti...
• a
= P點的x坐標
= P點與鉛垂的 y 軸 (y-axis) 距離 (即沿x軸走的距離)
• b
= P點的y坐標
= P點與水平的 x 軸 (x-axis) 距離 (即沿y軸走的距離)

12.2 兩點之間的距離

• 在中一階段裡,當題目要求你去計算兩點之間距離時,兩點的x坐標或y坐標必須相同。
(即詃線段必為水平或鉛垂線)

例1: 求線段PQ之長度

解: PQ長度
= 5 – (-4)
= 9 單位

注意:

• 在坐標幾何上,長度單位為“單位” (unit)。
• 面積單位為“平方單位”(square unit)。

12.3 座標中的變換

所謂坐標中的變換,其實即係指把一點作平移、旋轉、鏡射,要你計出變換後的新坐標。

例2: 假設有一點P點的坐標如下圖所示:

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初中坐標幾何 >> 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/introducti...

• 把P點向右平移3單位後,新座標為=(7, 2)
• 把P點向下平移3單位後,新座標為=(4, -1)
• 把P點沿x軸反射後,新座標為=(4, -2)
• 把P點沿y軸反射後,新座標為= (-4, 2)
• 把P以O為中心逆時針旋轉90°,新座標為= (-2,4)

12.4 極坐標 (Polar Coordinate)

極座標是另一種坐標系統,以點與中心O之距離及角度來表示點之位置。

例如下圖中P點之極座為 (r, θ)。

 面積及體積 (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/area-and-volume/)

統計簡介  (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/introduction-to-statistics/)

中一數學【目錄】

1. 有向數 (Directed Numbers) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/directed-


numbers/)

2. 代數式和方程式 (Algebraic Expressions & Equations) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/algebraic-expressions-equations/)

3. 指數及進制 (Laws of integral indices) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


/laws-of-integral-indices/)

4. 多項式 (Polynomials) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/polynomials/)

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初中坐標幾何 >> 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/introducti...

5. 百分法 (Using percentages) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/using-


percentages/)

6. 近似值與估算 (Approximate values & estimation) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/approximate-values-estimation/)

7. 幾何簡介 (Introduction to Geometry) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


/introduction-to-geometry/)

8. 對稱及變換 (Symmetry and Transformation) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/symmetry-and-transformation/)

9. 全等及相似 (Congruence and Similarity) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/congruence-and-similarity/)

10. 量度方面的估計 (Estimation in measurements) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/estimation-in-measurements/)

11. 面積及體積 (Area and Volume) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/area-


and-volume/)

12. 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary


/form1_maths/introduction-to-coordinates/)

13. 統計簡介 (Introduction to Statistics) (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths


/introduction-to-statistics/)

*** 初中試卷 *** (https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/exam_papers/ssgc_maths/)

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together.com
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together.com)

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初中坐標幾何 >> 坐標簡介 (Introduction to Coordinates) » 齊齊溫 https://www.study-together.com/edu/secondary/form1_maths/introducti...

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