CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS AND TESTING
Construction Presentation

THE CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS

is the detailed steps required to complete

your construction project. The construction
process is initiated when a person or
organization, which may be public or private,
decides to improve the land with permanent or
semipermanent additions.

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CONSTRUCTION

1. PLANNING AND DESIGN

2.MATERIAL SELECTION:
3. PRE-CONSTRUCTION :
4. CONSTRUCTION:
5. MATERIAL TESTING:
6. POST-CONSTRUCTION
7. PROJECT CLOSEOUT:
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CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS TESTING

Mechanical Testing

Testing for Thermal Properties

Testing for Electrical Properties

Testing for Resistance to

Corrosion, Radiation, and
Biological Deterioration

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

Construction Presentation

MECHANICAL
TESTING
Mechanical testing is performed to
understand how construction materials
will perform under different types of
mechanical stress and loading
conditions. It helps assess the material's
strength, durability, and deformation
characteristics.

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Construction Presentation

COMMON MECHANICAL
TESTS
Tensile Testing
Compression Testing
Bending and Flexural Testing
Hardness Testing
Impact Testing
Fatigue Testing

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Construction Presentation

TESTING FOR
THERMAL
PROPERTIES
Thermal property testing helps
assess how materials respond to
changes in temperature and heat
transfer, which is essential for
applications involving temperature
variations.
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Construction Presentation

COMMON THERMAL
TESTS
Thermal Conductivity Testing
Thermal Expansion Testing
Specific Heat Testing

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Construction Presentation

TESTING FOR
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

Electrical property testing is crucial for

materials used in electrical and
electronic applications to ensure they
meet conductivity, insulation, and
electrical performance requirements.
Construction Presentation

COMMON ELECTRICAL
TESTS

Conductivity Testing
Dielectric Strength Testing
Resistance Testing
Permittivity and Permeability
Testing
Construction Presentation

TESTING FOR RESISTANCE TO

CORROSION, RADIATION, AND
BIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION
These tests assess a material's ability to
withstand different forms of degradation
that can occur over time, such as corrosion
(due to exposure to environmental factors),
radiation (e.g., UV radiation or ionizing
radiation), and biological deterioration (e.g.,
microbial growth).
Construction Presentation

COMMON RESISTANCE
TESTS

Salt Spray Testing

UV Resistance Testing
Accelerated Aging Tests
Construction Presentation

NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING :
NDT methods are used to inspect
and assess the quality of materials
and structures without causing
damage. This is crucial for evaluating
the integrity of existing structures
and ensuring quality control during
construction.
Construction Presentation

COMMON TEST TO
NON-DESTRUCTIVE

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

Radiographic Testing (RT)
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)
 CONSTRUCTION

Construction Presentation

CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
AND ITS TYPES.
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Construction Presentation

CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
Description
an item, material or supply
consumed or used in
construction project and
incorporated in the
constructed building or
structure.
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Construction Presentation

CLASSIFICATION OF
BUILDING MATERIALS
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
BUILDING BUILDING
MATERIALS MATERIALS
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 NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
A durable, heavy natural
building material with a
high compressive strength,
stone is typically prepared
by a stonemason when
used as the primary
building material for a

STONE structure.
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 NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS

Sand is a naturally
occurring granular material
composed of finely divided
rock and mineral particles.

SAND Learn More

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 NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS

Wood is an organic
material, produced by a
large number of woody
plants and quite variable in
properties.

WOOD Learn More

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 NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS

In the construction
industry, mud is a semi-
fluid material that can be
used to coat, seal, or
adhere materials.

MUD Learn More

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 NATURAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Asbestos was used
extensively in home
construction from the early
1940s through the 1970s as
highly-effective and
inexpensive fire-retardant
material and thermal and

ASBESTOS acoustic insulator.

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 ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Steel reinforcement are
steel bars that are provided
in combination with plain
cement concrete to make
it reinforced concrete.

STEEL Learn More

REINFORCEMENT
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 ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Cement is a finely milled
mineral powder, usually
grey in colour. Mixed with
water, cement serves as an
adhesive to bind sand,
gravel, and hard rock in
concrete.

CEMENT Learn More

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 ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Concrete is a composite
material composed of fine
and coarse aggregate
bonded together with a
fluid cement (cement
paste) that hardens (cures)
over time.

CONCRETE Learn More

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 ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
Bitumen is a black viscous
mixture of hydrocarbons
obtained naturally or as a
residue from petroleum
distillation. It is used for
road surfacing and roofing.

BITUMEN Learn More

 ARTIFICIAL BUILDING
MATERIALS
A brick is building material
used to make walls,
pavements and other
elements in masonry
construction.

BRICK Learn More

CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD-SETTING
AGENCIES

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ASTM
ASTM International (formerly the
American Society for Testing and
Materials) is a private organization that
establishes specifications for materials and
methods of construction accepted as
standards throughout the United States.
Numerical references to ASTM standards—
for example, ASTM C150 for port land
cement, used in making concrete—are
found throughout87%building codes 7,456and
Target
construction specifications, Clients
where they are
used as a precise shorthand for describing
the quality of materials or the
requirements of their installation.
 AASHTO
The American Association of
State Highway and
Transportation Officials is a
standards setting body which
publishes specifications, test
protocols, and guidelines that
are used in highway design
and construction throughout
the United States.
 Construction Presentation

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 CONSTRUCTION

Construction Presentation

OUR BRIEF HISTORY

CONSTRUCTION
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Construction Presentation

OUR AWESOME
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 CONSTRUCTION

TESTS CARRIED
OUT ON
DIFFERENT
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
AGGREGATES

SIEVE ANALYSIS
AGGREGATES

WATER
ABSORPTION
AGGREGATES

Aggregate
Abrasion Value
AGGREGATES

Aggregate Impact
Value
AGGREGATES

Aggregate
Crushing Value
TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE

Compression
Strength Test
TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE

Flexural Strength
Test
TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE

Rebound Hammer
Test
TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE

Ultrasonic Pulse
velocity
BITUMEN
DETERMINING
BITUMEN
CONTENT
BITUMEN
DETERMINING FLASH
AND FIRE POINT OF
BITUMEN
BITUMEN
DETERMINING
PENETRATION OF
BITUMEN
BITUMEN
DETERMINING
SOFTENING POINT OF
BITUMEN
BITUMEN
DETERMINING
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF
BITUMEN
BITUMEN
DETERMINING
DUCTILITY OF
BITUMEN
CEMENT

FINENESS
TEST
CEMENT

SOUNDNESS
TEST
CEMENT

CONSISTENCY
TEST
CEMENT

SETTING TIME
TEST
CONCRETE

SLUMP TEST
CONCRETE

COMPACTION
FACTOR TEST
CONCRETE

VEE BEE
TEST
CONCRETE

K-SLUMP
TEST
STEEL REINFORCEMENT

BRINELL
HARDNESS TEST
STEEL REINFORCEMENT

IMPACT TEST
STEEL REINFORCEMENT

TORSION TEST
 CONSTRUCTION

IMPORTANCE
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND
TESTING
 Construction Presentation

EXPLORING ABOUT
CONSTRUCTION
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MEET WITH
OUR TEAM
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General Manager Marketing
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 Construction Presentation

OUR NEXT PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION
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 Construction Presentation

OUR BEST SERVICES

CONSTRUCTION
Presentations are tools that can be used as
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OUR CONSULTANT
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 CONSTRUCTION

Construction Presentation

OUR BRIEF HISTORY

CONSTRUCTION
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Construction Presentation

WE PROVIDE
YOUR BEST HOME
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Construction Presentation

OUR AWESOME
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CONSTRUCTION

Construction Presentation

MAT
CONSTRUCTION
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 Construction Presentation

EXPLORING ABOUT
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Construction Presentation

MEET WITH
OUR TEAM
Presentations are tools that can be
used as lectures, speeches, reports,
and more. It is mostly presented like
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MATT ZHANG SHAWN GARCIA
General Manager Marketing
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 Construction Presentation

OUR NEXT PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION
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OUR BEST SERVICES

CONSTRUCTION
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 CONSTRUCTION

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OUR BRIEF HISTORY

CONSTRUCTION
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 CONSTRUCTION

Presentation Template

CONSTRUCTION
Presentations are tools that can
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Construction Presentation

WE PROVIDE
YOUR BEST HOME
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Construction Presentation

OUR AWESOME
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 Construction Presentation

EXPLORING ABOUT
CONSTRUCTION
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speeches, reports, and more. It is mostly presented
like before an audience.

87% 7,456
Target Clients

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Construction Presentation

MEET WITH
OUR TEAM
Presentations are tools that can be
used as lectures, speeches, reports,
and more. It is mostly presented like
before an audience.
MATT ZHANG SHAWN GARCIA
General Manager Marketing
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 Construction Presentation

OUR NEXT PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION
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OUR BEST SERVICES

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 CONSTRUCTION

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CONSTRUCTION
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Construction Presentation

IMPORTANCE OF STUDY OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

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 CONSTRUCTION

V. STEEL
REINFORCEMENT
 Rebar, also known as reinforcement steel
CONSTRUCTION and reinforcing steel, is a steel bar or mesh of
steel wires used in reinforced concrete and
masonry structures to strengthen and hold the
concrete in tension. Steel reinforcement bars
or rebars are used to improve the tensile
strength of the concrete, since concrete is very
weak in tension, but is strong in compression.
Steel is only used as rebar because the
elongation of steel due to high temperatures
(thermal expansion coefficient) is nearly equal
to that of concrete. By casting rebar into
concrete, it is able to carry tensile loads and
increase overall strength.

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CONSTRUCTION

TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

The term tensile strength refers to the amount
of tensile (stretching) stress a material can
withstand before breaking or failing. The
ultimate tensile strength of a material is
calculated by dividing the area of the material
tested (the cross section) by the stress placed
on the material, generally expressed in terms
of pounds or tons per square inch of material.

Tensile strength is an important measure of a

material’s ability to perform in an application,
and the measurement is widely used when
describing the properties of metals and alloys.

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CONSTRUCTION

TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

A tension test is performed on mild steel, tor
steel, and high-tensile steel to determine the
prop elongation. In the tension test, a steel rod
is subjected to tension load by means of a
Universal testing machine (UTM).

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Construction Presentation

WHY ARE METALS

TESTED?

Ensure Quality
Test Properties
Prevent Failure in Use
Make Informed Choice in Using
Materials
 Construction Presentation

MATERIAL PROPERTIES CAN BE DETERMINED

BY TENSILE TESTING

Strength
Ductility
Elasticity
Stiffness
Malleability
Modulus of Toughness
Modulus of Resilence
CONSTRUCTION

BEND TEST
The quality of the steel is determined by
whether or not it cracks or fractures during
this process. The bend test is an effective
way to measure the strength and durability
of steel, as it provides a visual
representation of the steel’s ability to
withstand stress and pressure. It’s
important to ensure that it is of high quality,
as it is a critical component of many
construction projects. By performing a
bend test, engineers and builders can
ensure that the steel they are using will be
able to withstand the demands of their
projects.
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 The bending test of reinforcement steel is performed
to verify steel ductility and to ensure that no fracture or
cracks will occur during the bending. The reinforcing steel
may fracture or crack due to the following reasons:

The ribs of steel are a location of concentrated stress,

and it is considered a weak point; these locations may
fracture if steel bends.
The steel possesses high strength. Therefore a larger
force is required to bend steel, and this could cause
steel to crack.
Also, the radius of bending the reinforcement, smaller
radius of bending will have a greater adverse effect on
reinforcement steel.
The low temperature plays an important role in
reducing the steel bar’s toughness, and this may result
in bars cracking or fracture if bent.
CONSTRUCTION

REBEND TEST
The purpose of re-bend test is to
measure the effect of strain ageing on
steel. Strain ageing has embrittlement
effect which takes place after cold
deformation by diffusion of nitrogen in
steel. Hence, there is limitation stated
in some design codes to restrict the
nitrogen content of steel to 0.012%.

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CONSTRUCTION
SHEAR TEST
A shear test is designed to apply stress to a test
sample so that it experiences a sliding failure
along a plane that is parallel to the forces
applied. Generally, shear forces cause one surface
of a material to move in one direction and the
other surface to move in the opposite direction
so that the material is stressed in a sliding
motion.
Shear tests differ from tension and compression
tests in that the forces applied are parallel to the
two contact surfaces, whereas, in tension and
compression they are perpendicular to the
contact surfaces. The most common use of a
shear test is to determine the shear strength,
which is the maximum shear stress that the
material can withstand before failure occurs, of a
material.

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Construction Presentation

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