A REPORT ON STUDENT WORK EXPERIENCE

PROGRAM (SWEP) 190

2020/2021 SESSION
SUBMITTED BY
NAME: AFOLABI OLUWASEGUN EMMANUEL
MATRIC NO: 1804001034
DEPT: CIVIL ENGINEERING
300 LEVEL
TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL,
MECHANICAL, COMPUTER, ELECTICAL
ENGINEERING
EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY ADO EKITI
EKITI STATE
FACULTY SWEP COODINATOR
ENGR (DR) B.S OLUDARE
TECHNOLOGIST IN CHARGE

ENG AYITI ENG OGUNDIPE

MR ADETILOYE

MR JAIYEOLA

MR GBENGA

ENGR ASAOLU

ENG BABATUNDE
 DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to my Sponsors who have never failed to give us financial
and moral support, for giving all our needs during the time we developed our system
and for teaching us that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is done one
step at a time

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This paper and the research behind it would not have been possible without the
exceptional support of my SWEP coordinator ENGR (DR) B.S. OLUDARE
His enthusiasm, knowledge and exacting attention to details have been an
inspiration and kept my work on track from my first encounter with my first time
seeing my senior set running their own program while I was still a lad in school.

ABSTRACT
This report summarizes my practical experience at Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti in
Ekiti State. The Training lasted four days during which I visited the laboratories in
four of the faculty of Engineering four department, explaining the technical skills and
information required by students to become effective Engineers in the labor market.

My SWEP was done in Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State of which I have file
and shared some of my experiences .
 CONTENT’S TABLE

DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.11 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 CIVIL WORKSHOP / LABORATORY
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 CENTRAL WORKSHOP /MECHANICAL LABORATORY
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 COMPUTER ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

A collaborative program called the student work Experience program (SWEP) is created to
give engineering undergraduate students who have just finished their first year (100level)
and second year (200level) a better grasp of what the engineering field comprises.

HISTORY OF SWEP

In the year 1974, students from 11 colleges and institution participated in the student work
experience program (SWEP) and The SWEP is a preliminary scheme of the Student
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). The program is working with such
disciplines as engineering, medical science, natural science, technology, agriculture,
education, environmental, applied science.

SWEP develops the students' innovative and creative abilities and skills relevant to
their field-SWEP Engaging the students in manual labor so that they can appreciate the
dignity of labor and also make them engineers and professionals of excellence in the future-
SWEP develops in the students

WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF SWEP?

SWEP will ensure that every aspect of our activities is conducted in
accordance with sound quality and environmental practices: Design systems
and processes with priority to product quality. Act and operate with focus to output
quality and customer satisfaction. Improvement in all we do.

ADVANTAGES OF SWEP

 Credibility of a leading brand.

 Availability through a global presence.
 Leading innovation.
 Quality assurance through approvals.
 Training and knowledge sharing.
 Guidance on applications
 Marketing tools.

GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCT DURING SWEP

The proper wear of laboratory coat and safety boots should always be observed by
students.
 CHAPTER2

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

ENGINEERING MATERIALS:
 METALLIC
 POLYMERIC
 CERAMICS
 COMPOSITE
 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

WHAT IS CEMENT?

Cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that

sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.
Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel
together.
 What are the process carrying out in molding blocks :
1. Batching. Measuring materials for sandcrete block production is called batching.
2. Mixing Materials. Mixing materials is carried out after batching.
3. Molding Sandcrete Blocks.
4. Compaction
5. Curing Sandcrete Blocks
6. Stacking.

What is the process of block making?

The concrete bricks manufacturing process consists of four steps: mixing, molding,

curing, and cubing. There are concrete plants which only make concrete blocks
while others produce a variety of precast products like blocks, flat paver, decorative
pieces like lawn edging, concrete bricks, etc.
 CONCRETE

What is concrete explain?

Concrete is an engineering material that simulates

the properties of rock and is a combination of particles
closely bound together. It is simply a blend of aggregates,
normally natural sand and gravel or crushed rock.

To make concrete a mixture of Portland cement (10-15%) and

water (15-20%) make a paste. This paste is then mixed with
aggregates (65-75%) such as sand and gravel, or crushed
stone. As the cement and water mix, they harden and bind the
aggregates into an impenetrable rock-like mass.
What are the 4 types of concrete?
most common types of concrete
 Reinforced Concrete.
 Lightweight Concrete.
 High-Strength Concrete.
 High-Performance Concrete.
 Precast Concrete.

 Why is concrete used?

 Concrete is used to provide strength, durability, and
versatility during the construction of a structure.
These excellent properties have made concrete a reliable
and long-lasting choice of construction companies for both
commercial and domestic types of constructions.
 TREATMENT OF CONCRETE
Surface treatment of a concrete floor is a process of successive stages
(preparation, absorption, painting, application of mass and
coating). Such treatment has a positive effect on the floor's functionality
and other similarly important issues.
How do you treat concrete floors?
To seal your concrete floor, pour a small amount of concrete sealer into a
painting tray and apply the sealer evenly to your floors using a paint roller. Use
a paintbrush to seal around the edges of the room. Always work from the furthest
area of the room toward the exit so that you don't box yourself in.

Curing: Curing is the process of maintaining satisfactory temperature and

moisture conditions in concrete long enough for hydration to develop the
desired concrete properties. The potential strength and durability of concrete will
be fully developed only if concrete is properly cured.

Segregation: Segregation refers to a separation of the components of fresh

concrete, resulting in a non-uniform mix. This can be seen as a separation of coarse
aggregate from the mortar, caused from either the settling of heavy aggregate to the bottom
or the separation of the aggregate from the mix due to improper placement.

Bleeding: Segregation causes excessive amounts of water to rise to the

surface. This process is known as bleeding.

Honeycombing: is the term used to describe areas of the surface that are coarse
and stony. It may be caused by insufficient fine material in the mix, perhaps due to incorrect
aggregate grading or poor mixing.

Causes of cracking include: plastic shrinkage cracking; settlement cracking; drying

shrinkage; thermal stresses; chemical reaction; weathering; corrosion of reinforcement; poor
construction practices; construction overloads; errors in design and detailing; and externally
applied loads.
 Wood
What is wood:

Wood is an organic material with fibrous, heterogeneous and anisotropic

texture produced from the tree, which is a living organism. Wood is one of the
oldest building materials. Humankind uses wood for sheltering and protection
purposes since the ancient times.

Types of wood:
Hardwood:

Hard wood: is the wood that comes from flowering plants, also known as
angiosperm. Angiosperm is a Greek term meaning “vessel seed.” These types of
trees include walnut, maple, and oak trees. However, hardwood trees don't include
monocots like palm trees and bamboo.

Softwoods are conifers and normally have needle-like leaves. They generally have
lower densities and are often light in color. Softwoods usually grow quicker than hardwoods
and are cheaper, softer and easier to work. Common examples of softwood include: pine, fir,
spruce, larch and cedar.
 Uses of wood

 Wood is a renewable resource

 Wood is important as a fuel source
 Wood is an important building material
 Wood is important for carbon storage
 Wood is a natural insulator
 Wood is used to produce pulp and paper
 Wood in music
 Wood is used to make furniture.
 Wood is used to manufacture sporting equipment
 Wood is used in the making of charcoal

The benefit of using wood

 Renewable, Recyclable, Natural. Timber is one of the few natural,

renewable building materials. ...
 Carbon Positive. ...
 Low Energy Production. ...
 Health and Wellbeing. ...
 Fire Performance. ...
 Natural Insulation.
 CHAPTER 3
MECHANICAL / CIVIL CENTRAL LABORATORY
A Two-stroke Engine : A two-stroke engine performs all the same
steps, but in just two piston strokes. The simplest two-stroke engines do
this by using the crankcase and the underside of the moving piston as a
fresh charge pump.  Such engines carry the official name "crankcase-
scavenged two-strokes."

As the two-stroke’s piston rises on compression, its underside pulls a

partial vacuum in the crankcase. An intake port of some kind (cylinder
wall port, reed valve or rotary disc valve) opens, allowing air to rush into
the crankcase through a carburetor.

As the piston nears Top Dead Center, a spark fires the compressed
mixture. As in a four-stroke, the mixture burns and its chemical energy
becomes heat energy, raising the pressure of the burned mixture to
hundreds of psi. This pressure drives the piston down the bore, rotating the
crankshaft.

As the piston continues down the bore, it begins to expose an exhaust port
in the cylinder wall. As spent combustion gas rushes out through this port,
the descending piston is simultaneously compressing the fuel-air mixture
trapped beneath it in the crankcase.

As the piston descends more, it begins to expose two or more fresh-charge

ports, which are connected to the crankcase by short ducts. As pressure in
the cylinder is now low and pressure in the crankcase higher, fresh charge
from the crankcase rushes into the cylinder through the fresh-charge (or
“transfer”) ports. These ports are shaped and aimed to minimize direct loss
of fresh charge to the exhaust port. Even in the best designs, there is some
loss, but simplicity has its price! This process of filling the cylinder while
also pushing leftover exhaust gas out the exhaust port is called
“scavenging.”

While the piston is near Bottom Dead Center, mixture continues to move
from the crankcase, up through the transfer ports, and into the cylinder.
As the piston rises, it first covers the transfer ports, leaving only the
exhaust port still open. If there were no way to stop it, much of the fresh
charge would now be pumped out the exhaust.

But there is a simple way to stop it—using exhaust pressure waves in the
exhaust. If we shape and dimension the exhaust pipe right, a reflection of
the original pressure pulse, generated as the exhaust port opened, will
bounce back to the port just as fresh charge is being pumped out of it. This
pressure wave stuffs the fresh charge back into the cylinder just as the
rising piston covers the exhaust port.

Because fuel-air mixture is constantly being pumped by the crankcase, it is

not practical to lubricate piston and crank by pumped circulating oil—it
would be swept away by the mixture rushing in and out. Therefore, we
must either mix a little oil with the fuel (2 to 4 percent) or inject it very
sparingly into the bearings with a tiny metering pump. The fact that there
is so little oil dictates that such simple two-stroke engines must employ
rolling bearings, whose need for oil is very small.

More complicated two-stroke engines exist. Instead of using the crankcase

and underside of the piston as a fresh-charge pump, we can use a separate
rotary blower, directly connected to the transfer ports in the cylinders. We
don't have to place the exhaust port in the cylinder wall—it can take the
form of four overhead poppet exhaust valves, as it does in two-stroke
marine, rail, and truck diesels. Because such engines do not use their
crankcases as fresh charge pumps, they can employ long-lasting plain
bearings, lubricated conventionally by pumped recalculating oil.

Two-stroke diesels are scavenged with pure air, not a fuel-air mixture.
Their fuel is injected only after all ports have closed, preventing any loss.
Certain crankcase scavenged two-strokes do the same, and are called “DI,”
or Direct Injection two-strokes. They can be made as fuel-efficient and
low in exhaust emissions as four-strokes.

The world’s most efficient piston engines are in fact the giant, slow-
turning marine diesels that carry the world’s international shipping trade—
they are twice as efficient as the usual four-stroke spark-ignition engines
found in cars and motorcycles.
 TWO STROKE ENGINE

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-

Stroke Engine
 Advantages. Simple mechanism. Easy to start. ...
 Disadvantages. Incomplete combustion, carbon deposit on the piston
head and exhaust port. ...
Although 2 stroked ones give higher torque at higher RPM but it has
a lot to do with fuel efficiency. More fuel efficiency: - 4 stroke engines
have greater fuel efficiency than 2 stroke ones because fuel is

consumed once every 4 strokes.

 4 STROKES ENGINE
What are 4 strokes in an engine?
A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that utilizes four
distinct piston strokes (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) to
complete one operating cycle. A complete operation in a four-stroke
engine requires two revolutions (7200) of the crankshaft.

What are 4 strokes used for?

From racing motorcycles to passenger cars, 4-stroke oils power the engines of
various vehicle types. Unlike 2-stroke engine oils, 4-stroke ones do not burn with
the fuel. Instead, they go around the engine. While circulating, the oil lubricates the
moving engine parts, disperses heat, and eliminates impurities.

Which stroke is more powerful?

Because 2-stroke engines are designed to run at a higher RPM, they also tend to
wear out faster; a 4-stroke engine is generally more durable. That being said, 2-
stroke engines are more powerful.

Does 4-stroke need oil?

A 4 stroke engine needs to circulate oil throughout to lubricate these moving
parts, whereas a 2 stroke engine only needs to lubricate the components internal of
the combustion chamber, which is achieved by mixing the correct oil to fuel ratio.

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A 2 STROKE AND 4 STROKE

ENGINE?

HOW IS A 2 STROKE ENGINE LUBRICATED?

2 stroke engines use a crankcase to pressurize the air-fuel mixture before transfer to
the cylinder. Unlike 4 stroke engines, they cannot be lubricated by oil contained in
the crankcase and sump: lubricating oil would be swept up and burnt with the fuel.
Fuels supplied to 2 stroke engines are mixed with oil so that it can coat the cylinders
and bearing surfaces along its path. The ratio of petrol to oil ranges from 10:1 to 50:1
by volume.
HOW IS A 4 STROKE ENGINE LUBRICATED?
4 stroke engines are lubricated by oil held in an oil sump. 4 stroke engine oil is not
burnt with the fuel to lubricate the engine as per a 2 stroke engine. Instead of being
burnt, it is recycled around the engine. As 4 stroke engine oil is recalculated around
the engine it lubricates, disperses heat, clean and holds impurities in suspension
until the oil change.

THE DESIGN OF 2 STROKE OUTBOARD IS LESS COMPLEX THAN

A 4 STROKE ENGINE, THIS IS BECAUSE;

The 2 stroke engine is a relatively simple design that completes its power cycle
(intake, compression, combustion, exhaust) in 2 strokes of the piston, which makes it
very powerful.  A 2 stroke engine doesn’t use valves to regulate the fuel/air intake or
exhaust gas exit, so it has fewer moving parts and is smaller and lighter. 

A 4 STROKE OUTBOARD IS FAR MORE FUEL EFFICIENT THAN A 2

STROKE. BEING MORE FUEL EFFICIENT MEANS;

In a 4 stroke outboard engine, fuel is consumed once every 4 stokes and hence it
burns less fuel, making the 4 stroke engine more efficient and environmentally
friendly compared to a 2 stroke engine, as 2 stroke burns fuel and oil mixture.
 Exterior part of a car

 
 CIVIL CENTRAL LABORATORY
BARRIER TO PREVENT UNAUTHORIZE PERSON FROM PRECISION MACHINES
 HAND GRINDING MACHINE

Its primary function is in the realm of grinding holes for drill bushings and
grinding pins. It can also be used for complex surface grinding to finish work started
on a mill. Gear grinder, which is usually employed as the final machining process
when manufacturing a high-precision gear.

What are the advantages of grinding machine?

Advantages
 High surface finish and accuracy are produced.
 Ability to machine hard material.
 Less pressure can be applied to work.
 Ability to work at high temperature.
 Offers high accurate dimensions.
 Ability to cut any type of metal at a speed rate.
 It can produce a smooth surface.

CUTTING DISK
Used to cut sheet metal, sizing metal stock for welding, cut a weld to re-weld it, and
cutting and notching steel pipe are just a few examples. Die grinders and Chop saws are
other common tools used with cutting discs.
 GRINDING DISK

Grinding wheels are mostly used for grinding, removing excess material of a surface,
cleaning up cuts and prepare metal work pieces for welding. These are also used to
grind out metal welds and sharpening various gardening tools like shovels.

Moreover Grinding discs are suitable for metal and stone applications across a range of
machine sizes. The main use of such discs is in the removal of materials. However, they
can also be used for the finishing and preparation of stone and metal surfaces. These
wheels allow for the effective removal of paint and rust.

3mm thick plate

What is plate steel used for?

Steel plates are regularly utilized for structural and construction applications,

pressure vessels, marine and offshore equipment, and military applications.
The grade, components and parameters of a steel plate are additionally utilized.
Steel plate is a material regularly used to make metal items.
 CHAPTER 4
COMPUTER ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

NETWORKING
Computer networking is the combination or connection of computer devices with the
aids of wire or wireless channel for the main purpose of sharing files and resources

 Computer devices:
 Personal computers or servers
 Routers
 Camera c c t v
 Printers
 Switches
 Hubs
 UPS

WLAN: wireless local area network

Server client: in a server client network one computer be the server or master while
all other computers rely on
peer to peer : They are connected without master .

A minimum of network should be of two

Examples of wireless network

 Bluetooth
 Radio wave
 Infrared
 Radio wave
 Satellite
Wired computers properties
 S T P: Shielded twisted peer cable
 U T P: Unshielded twisted peer cable
 Coaxial
 Fiber optical cable
 Straight through cable: they are used to connect computer devices of
different nature
 Cross over cable or cross cable :they are used to connect devices of
the same nature of computer e.g. laptop to laptop ,router to router
 Requirements for the exercise

 Ethernet cable
 Wire cutters
 Network testers
 Crimping tools
 RJ-45 plugs

Straight through cable

Pin no Side A Side B
1 Orange / white Orange/white
2 Orange Orange
3 Green/white Green/white
4 Blue Blue
5 Blue/white Blue/white
6 Green Green
7 Brown/white Brown/white
8 Brown Brown

CROSS OVER CABLE

Pin no Side A Side B

1 Orange / white Green/white
2 Orange Green
3 Green/white Orange/white
4 Blue Blue
5 Blue/white Blue/white
6 Green Orange
7 Brown/white Brown/white
8 Brown Brown
 SYSTEM TRANSFERRING
We make use of cross cable and it’s called point to point
What we do is that we first locate Ethernet the double click on it
We click properties and internet protocol double click on it then its shows the I p
address.
The sub net mass is the same then we press ok after that click the files ,you are
about to share ,the we see share with, click everyone and add right and send
The read and share.

images of computer devices

Personal computers

System transferring
sysss
 CHAPTER 5
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Current: a flow of electricity which results from the ordered directional movement
of electrically charged particles.

We have three types of current

There are three basic waveforms used in commercial therapeutic electrical

stimulation units: direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current

Direct current: an electric current flowing in one direction only.

Alternating current: an electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at

regular intervals, typically used in power supplies.

Pulsed current: is a periodic current which changes in value but never changes
direction. 

Safety and precaution in electrical laboratory

 Follow the instructions. ...

 Keep snacks out of the lab. ...
 Don't sniff the chemicals. ...
 Dispose of waste properly. ...
 Identify safety equipment. ...
 Think safety first. ...
 Dress for the lab. ...
 Don't play the mad scientist.
 Always Cut the Power. ...
 Have the Appropriate Fire Extinguisher on Hand. ...
 Use More Than One Outlet. ...
 Feel Your Outlets. ...
 Child-Proof Your Outlets. ...
 Investigate Flickering Lights. ...
 Install Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters. ...
Don't Use Extension Cords Long-Term. What are 5 safety precautions for a
laboratory?
 Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire
extinguishers. ...
 Know emergency exit routes.
 Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
 Minimize all chemical exposures.
 Tools in electrical laboratory

 Multi meter. A multi meter is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical
properties.

A typical multi meter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, in which case it is also known
as a volt-ohm-mill ammeter (VOM), as the unit is equipped with voltmeter, ammeter,
and ohmmeter functionality, or volt-ohmmeter for short. Some feature the measurement
of additional properties such as temperature and capacitance.

Oscilloscope. An oscilloscope (informally a scope) is a type of electronic test instrument

that graphically displays varying electrical voltages as a two-dimensional plot andis a
laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic
signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal voltage as a function
of time.

 Power supplies: A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an
electrical load. The main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current 
Function generator:
A function generator is a piece of electronic test instrument used to generate and
deliver standard waveforms, typically sine and square waves, to a device under test.
It can be used to test a design or confirm that a piece of electronic equipment is
working as intended.

Soldering iron.
Precision mechanical tools.

Soldering iron:
A soldering iron is a hand tool used to heat solder, usually from an electrical supply
at high temperatures above the melting point of the metal alloy. This allows for the
solder to flow between the work pieces needing to be joined.
 District /component

Inductor: An inductor is a passive electronic component which is capable of storing

electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. And it uses a conductor that is wound into a
coil, and when electricity flows into the coil from the left to the right, this will generate a
magnetic field in the clockwise direction.

Capacitor: is a device for storing electrical energy, consisting of two conductors in

close proximity and insulated from each other. A simple example of such a storage
device is the parallel-plate capacitor.

Diode: A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for
current. It allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from
flowing in the opposite direction.

Resistor: A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of

electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a
specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.
 CABLE: A cable is an insulator conductor

A conductor has a copper in an insulator

Types of Cable

 Ribbon Electric Cables. It consists of multiple insulated wires running parallel with
one another and is used for transmission of multiple data simultaneously. ...
 Shielded Cables.
 Twisted Pair Cables.
 Coaxial Cables.
 Fiber Optics Cable.

Half way rectifying circuit

What is a half wave rectifier?  The rectifier circuit that converts alternating current
into the direct current is known as a half wave rectifier circuit. The half-wave rectifier
passes only one half of the input sine wave and rejects the other half.
 CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION
I learn a lot in all the lab I visited, and my regards go to the swep coordinator the

person of ENGR (DR) B.S OLUDARE

And to all the technologist in charge

for the impartation of the new knowledge less I forget I must say this, all the labs I

visited during the swep program was wonderful and it’s a blessing to me .