INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

THE
PROJECT REPORT

DIPLOMA
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

BATCH: 2022- 23

Submitted by
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Danish Khan (Engineer) for his
generous guidance, help, useful suggestions and continuous encouragement.

I am extremely thanks to Shaazar Sir, and all teacher and Principal and management for support
and encouragement.

I am extremely thankful to Irfan Sir, HOD, for valuable suggestions and motivation.

I am also thankful to Mr. Danish khan and Mr. Shrayas sir, and all Training and placement
officers, for providing the opportunity to get the knowledge.
 CONTENTS
1. Abstract
2. About The Developer
3. Features For A Premier Living
4. Features
5. Running Construction Details
6. Seismic Safe Construction
7. Actual Structural Plans
8. Construction Details Of Each Villa
9. Foundation
10. Brickwork
11. Tests For Brickwork
12. Steel Bars
13. Features Of HSD Bars
14. Steel Specifications In Each Villa
15. Cement Concrete
16. Compressive Strength Test
17. Worksheet For Cube Casting Test
18. Bibliography
 ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT

As part of curriculum, and for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of Diploma
from M.H Saboo Siddik, technical campus, we, underwent an industrial training at the Shiv
height. Connaught residency, Site for 5 weeks during the months january 2018 - april 2018. The
report consist of brief study and description of materials, equipments and procedures used at the
site for construction.

The report contains my 5 weeks experience in the hosting company. All the contents are broadly
explained and it is constructed from the practical basis of the site.

In the opening content I have given details of the company background including its mission.The
contents are written in such a manner which give details of the company so that the reader can
easily know and access the company.
BEAM DETAIL PLAN
FALSE CEILING PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN
FURNITURE LAYOUT PLAN

FOUNDATION

A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its gravity loads to the
earth. Foundations are generally broken into two categories:

shallow foundations and deep foundations. A tall building must have a strong foundation if it is
to stand for a long time.

Types of Foundation:
Shallow foundations (sometimes called 'spread footings') include pads ('isolated footings'),
strip footings and rafts.

Deep foundations include piles, pile walls, diaphragm walls and caissons.
•

Some examples of Flemish bond incorporate stretchers of one colour and headers of another. This effect
is commonly a product of treating the header face of the heading bricks while the bricks are being baked
as part of the manufacturing process. Some of the header faces are exposed to wood smoke, generating
a grey-blue color, while other simply vitrified until they reach a deeper blue color. Some headers have a
glazed face, caused by using salt in the firing. Sometimes Staffordshire Blue bricks are used for the
heading bricks.

Brickwork that appears as Flemish bond from both the front and the rear is double Flemish bond, so called
on account of the front and rear duplication of the pattern. If the wall is arranged such that the bricks at the
rear do not have this pattern, then the brickwork is said to be single Flemish bond.

BRICKS
Various types of tests on bricks are conducted to check the qualities of bricks for
construction purposes. Tests on bricks are conducted at construction site as well as in
laboratory. Bricks are oldest and important construction materials because of their
durability, reliability, strength and low cost.

Types of Tests On Bricks for Construction Purpose

Following tests are conducted on bricks to determine its suitability for construction work.

1. Absorption test

2. Crushing strength test

3. Hardness test

4. Shape and size

5. Soundness test

6. Structure of brick

7. Presence of soluble salts (Efflorescence Test)

8. COLOUR TEST

9.

\
INTRODUCTION:

A rebar, or reinforcing bar, is a common steel bar, and is commonly used

in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures. It is usually
formed from carbon steel, and is given ridges for better mechanical
anchoring into the concrete. It can also be described as reinforcement or
reinforcing steel.
HSD Steel Bars (High Strength Deformed Bars) used at our project.
High strength deformed bars IS: 1786-1985 are steel bars which are provided with lugs,
ribs, projection or deformation on the surface and are produced in form of cold twisted
deformed bars. These bars are extensively used for reinforcement purposes in a
construction. Due to ribs or projections on the surface, these steel bars minimize slippage in
concrete and increase the bond between two materials i.e. between cement concrete and
steel bars.

Features of HSD Bars

Features of HSD Bars

Low carbon value: HSD Bars have lower carbon level, resulting in good
ductility, strength and welding ability.

• Superior bonding strength: HSD bars are well known for their excellent bonding
strength when used with concrete.
• Welding capability: Since these bars have lower carbon content, they have 100%
welding capability than conventional bars.

• High tensile strength: HSD bars feature high tensile strength. They offer great asset in
construction process, where a lot of bending and re bending is required.

• Wide application range: These bars have wide application range like in building
residential, commercial and industrial structures, bridges, etc.

• Satisfactorily malleability, minimum weight and maximum strength and suitable for
both compression and tension reinforcement.

The strength of bonds of deformed bars

In addition, the calculated strength of bonds of deformed bars should be 40 to 80 %

higher than that of plain round bars of same nominal size. Tor steel possesses the
strength of 1.5 to 2.0 times of mild steel in compression as well as in tension, whereas
it costs only 10% more than mild steel.

Deformed steel bars have minimum 0.2% proof stress or yield stress in N/mm square.
Proof stress is the stress at which non proportional elongation equal to 0.2% of the
original gauge length takes place. Hence deformed steel bars are very economical to
use in RCC work. Structural Engineer recommends cold twisted deformed (Ribbed or
Tor Steel Bars) bars as they are best quality steel bars for construction work.

CEMENT CONCRETE
In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. The paste, composed
of Portland cement and water, coats the surface of the fine and coarse aggregates.
Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form
the rock-like mass known as concrete.

Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it's plastic and malleable
when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. infrastructure worldwide—houses,
schools and hospitals as well as airports, bridges, Concrete’s durability, strength and
relatively low cost make it the backbone of buildings and highways and rail systems. The
most-produced material on Earth will only be more in demand as, for example, developing
nations become increasingly urban, extreme weather events necessitate more durable
building materials and the price of other infrastructure materials continues to rise.

Even construction professionals sometimes incorrectly use the terms cement and concrete
interchangeably. Cement is actually an ingredient of concrete. It is the fine powder that,
when mixed with water, sand, and gravel or crushed stone (fine and coarse aggregate),
forms the rock-like mass known as concrete.

The Forms of Concrete

Concrete is produced in four basic forms, each with unique applications and
properties.
1. Ready-mixed concrete, far the most common form, accounts for nearly three-
fourths of all concrete. It's batched at local plants for delivery in the familiar trucks
with revolving drums.
2. Precast concrete products are cast in a factory setting. These products benefit
from tight quality control achievable at a production plant. Precast products range
from concrete bricks and paving stones to bridge girders, structural components,
and wall panels. Concrete masonry another type of manufactured concrete, may
be best known for its conventional 8-by-8-by-16-inch block. Today's masonry units
can be molded into a wealth of shapes, configurations, colors, and textures to
serve an infinite spectrum of building applications and architectural needs.

Concrete is produced in four basic forms, each with unique applications and
properties.

3. Ready-mixed concrete, far the most common form, accounts for nearly three-
fourths of all concrete. It's batched at local plants for delivery in the familiar trucks
with revolving drums.
4. Precast concrete products are cast in a factory setting. These products benefit
from tight quality control achievable at a production plant. Precast products range
from concrete bricks and paving stones to bridge girders, structural components,
and wall panels. Concrete masonry another type of manufactured concrete, may
be best known for its conventional 8-by-8-by-16-inch block. Today's masonry units
can be molded into a wealth of shapes, configurations, colors, and textures to
serve an infinite spectrum of building applications and architectural needs.
unique applications and properties.

5. Ready-mixed con
6. Cement-based materials represent products that defy the label of "concrete,"
yet share many of its qualities. Conventional materials in this category include
mortar, grout, and terrazzo. soil-cement and roller-compacted concrete
—"cousins" of concrete—are used for pavements and dams. Other products in
this category include flowable fill and cement-treated bases.

7. A new generation of advanced products incorporates fibers and special

aggregate to create roofing tiles, shake shingles, lap siding, and countertops.

❖ OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) Concerete is used at our site

 Here are 6 common quality tests on concrete before and after
completion of casting on site.

• Slump test before leaving the batching plant and on arrival on site. ...
• Compressive strength test. ...
• Water Permeability test. ...
• Rapid Chloride Ion Penetration Test. ...
• Water Absorption Test. ...
• Initial Surface Absorption Test.

Compressive Strength Test

Compressive strength of concrete cube test provides an idea about all the
characteristics of concrete. By this single test one judge that whether Concreting has
been done properly or not. Concrete compressive strength for general construction
varies from 15 MPa (2200 psi) to 30 MPa (4400 psi) and higher in commercial and
industrial structures.

Compressive strength of concrete depends on many factors such as watercement

ratio, cement strength, quality of concrete material, quality control during production
of concrete etc.

Test for compressive strength is carried out either on cube or cylinder. Various
standard codes recommends concrete cylinder or concrete cube as the standard
specimen for the test.

Procedure: Compressive Strength Test of Concrete Cubes

For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cm X 15cm X 15cm or 10cm
X 10cm x 10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. For most of the
works cubical moulds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are commonly used.

This concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so as not to have any
voids. After 24 hours these moulds are removed and test specimens are put in water
for curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth.
This is done by putting cement paste and spreading smoothly on whole area of
specimen.

This concrete is poured in the mould and tempered properly so as not to have any
voids. After 24 hours these moulds are removed and test specimens are put in water
for curing. The top surface of these specimen should be made even and smooth. This
is done by putting cement paste and spreading smoothly on whole area of specimen.

Precautions for Tests

The water for curing should be tested every 7 days and the temperature of water must be
at 27+-2oC.
Compressive Strength of Concrete at Various Ages
The strength of concrete increases with age. Table shows the strength of
concrete at different ages in comparison with the strength at 28 days after
casting.

Age Strength percent

1 day 16%

3 days 40%

7 days 65%

14 days 90%

99%
28 days
 Worksheet For Cube Casting Test

Spe Age in Length Breadth Height Load Strength Avg. Req.

cim days (in mm)
(in mm)
(in mm) in KN in N/mm strength avg.
sq. in N/mm
en
sq. strengt
No. h in

N/mm
sq.

1 28 150 150 150 700 31.11

2 28 150 150 150 690 30.66 32.07 25

3 28 150 150 150 775 34.44

CONCLUSION:
For required strength of 25 KN/mmsq we obtained the compressive strength of 32
KN/mmsq.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

.References:

1.Theory of Structures by ramamrutham for literature review on kani’s method.

2.Theory of structures by B.C.punmia for literature on moment distribution method.

3.Reinforced concrete Structures by a.k. jain and b.c.punmia fo rdesign of beams, columns and
slab.

4.Fundamentals of Reinforced concrete structure by N. c. Sinha .

Code Books

1.IS 456-2000 code book for design of beams, columns and slabs