MCQs

Impression materials
Choose the correct answer
1. Orthoethoxybenzoic acid in eugenol free zinc oxide impression
is……………
a. Accelerator
b. Retarder
c. Eugenol substitute
d. Eugenol inhibitor
2. ………………. is the retarder of alginate impression materials
a. Calcium sulphate
b. Sodium phosphate
c. Zinc oxide
d. Calcium alginate
3. Alginate can be used for taking impression for the following
conditions except:
a. Crowns & bridge preparations
b. Night guard fabrications
c. Fabrication of provisional restorations
d. Diagnostic casts
4. Glycol covered alginate particles are used to produce………….
a. Smooth alginate
b. Colored alginate
c. Reversible alginate
d. Dustless alginate
5. Torque movement is forbidden in alginate as they are…………
a. Elastic materials
b. Viscoelastic materials
c. Hydrocolloids
d. Chemically reacted materials
6. The following type of polymer is characterized by release of by
product
a. Polyether impression material
b. Addition silicone impression
c. Condensation silicone impression
d. Hydrophilized addition silicon

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 7. Siliconized alginate is characterized by……..than traditional
alginate powder form.
a. Higher tear strength
b. Better flow
c. Higher wettability
d. Lower cost
8. Water is by product of………………. impression material
a. Polysulfide
b. Polyether
c. Addition silicone
d. Condensation silicone
9. Lead dioxide is the oxidizing agent of ………….
a. Zinc oxide eugenol
b. Alginate impression
c. Condensation silicone
d. Polysulfide
10.Thickness of alginate impression should be at least….mm.
a. 2
b. 6
c. 4
d. 1
11.The putty consistency of elastomeric impression materials was
developed to overcome the problem of………..
a. Poor wettability
b. Hydrophobic nature
c. Polymerization shrinkage
d. None of the above
12.Terminal mercaptan group of polysulfide impression cause……..
a. Cross-linking
b. Chain lengthening
c. Bubble free mix
d. Polymerization inhibition
13.Waiting for at least half an hour before casting addition silicone is
to……………
a. Decrease polymerization shrinkage
b. Help cross linking
c. Release all hydrogen bubbles
d. Avoid incompatibility of impression with cast material

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 14.Diatomaceous earth is used as a……in alginate impression.
a. Plasticizer
b. Filler
c. Coluring agent
d. Accelerator
15.……………. is added to addition silicone impression to be
hydrophilic.
a. Platinum salt
b. Ethyl silicate
c. Surfactant
d. Water
16.……………… is the least flexible elastomeric impression material
a. Polyether
b. Polysulfide
c. Condensation silicone
d. Addition silicone
17. All of the following cause dimensional instability except ……….
a. Polymerization reaction
b. Disinfection
c. Release of by product
d. Removal of impression from patient mouth
18. Sodium sulfate is gypsum accelerator at…………..
a. lower concentration
b. high concentration
c. A&B
19.Potassium titanium fluoride is incorporated in the alginate
impression material as……….
a. Gypsum hardener
b. Accelerator
c. Filler
d. Reactor
20.One of the following impression materials is contra indicated for
diabetic patients…………
a. Condensation silicone
b. Polysulfide
c. Addition silicone
d. Polyether

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 True or false

1. Regular set alginate is recommended for children

2. Alginate impression is not used as impression for crowns & bridge
preparations due to its poor wettability.
3. Putty consistency of condensation silicone is supplied into 2 jars.
4. The mixing bowl of alginate should be cleaned immediately after tray
loading.
5. Vinyl gloves should be used during handling of addition silicone
impression.
6. Rim locked stock tray can be used for taking alginate impression.
7. The disinfection procedure for alginate impression should be
relatively rapid to prevent imbibition.
8. Alginate impression should be removed from the patient mouth
immediately after setting.
9. Electroplated die can be obtained from alginate impression.
10.The waste material of the dynamic mixing elastomeric impression
system is higher than that of the static mixer.

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 Model and die
Choose the correct answer

1. Epoxy resin die is contraindicated with

a. Compound impression
b. Zinc oxide eugenol
c. Polysulphide impression
d. Alginate impression
2. Amalgam die requires
a. Rigid impression material
b. Flexible impression material
c. Tough impression material
d. Elastic impression material
3. Setting characteristic of gypsum include:
a. Loss of gloss
b. Exothermic reaction
c. Resist penetration by needle
d. All of the above
4. Cement die is ready after
a. One hour
b. 24 hours
c. One week
d. Ten days
5. The setting time of gypsum products can be shortened by the
following except:
a. Fine particle size
b. Presence of impurities
c. Prolonged spatulation
d. High w/p ratio
6. Epoxy resin die automix system overcomes the problem of
a. Shrinkage
b. Porosity
c. Abrasion resistance
d. Long setting time
7. The process of manufacturing gypsum products from gypsum is
called
a. Calcination
b. Hydration
c. Sintering
d. None of the above

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 True or false
1. High strength, high expansion dental stone is specific construction of
dies for noble alloys.
2. Setting expansion of gypsum products is twice that of hygroscopic
expansion.
3. The finer the particles size of the stone powder, the more rapid the
setting.
4. Hydrocolloids have retarding effect on the setting of gypsum products.
5. Porosity of high strength stone is higher than that of normal stone.
6. Initial setting of gypsum product indicates that the working stage has
passed.
7. Needle penetration test can be used for measuring initial & final
setting time of gypsum products.
8. Type I gypsum product is used in the flasking procedure of acrylic
denture bases.

Dental waxes
True or false
1. Sticky wax is used for preparing wax pattern of a prepared tooth.
2. Boxing wax is slightly tacky and has minimum flow at room
temperature.
3. Casting wax is used for fitting of artificial teeth on a sheet.
4. Sticky wax is a type of dental wax used for permanent alignment of
fractured pieces of dentures during repair.

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 Denture base
1. One of the requirements of denture base materials
a. High sorption of oral fluids.
b. Poor conductor to heat.
c. Heavy in weight.
d. Satisfactory thermal properties.

2. Advantages of acrylic denture bases are all of the following except

a. Easy to reline.
b. Transmit heat.
c. Light in weight.
d. Not expensive.
3. Disadvantages of metallic denture bases are all of the following
except
a. Color not matches gingival tissues.
b. Crazing.
c. Not easy constructed & repaired.
d. Not easy to be finished & polished.
4. All of the following are present in the liquid of heat-cured acrylic
denture base except
a. Monomer.
b. Inhibitor.
c. Initiator.
d. Cross-linkage agent.
5. The role of benzoyl peroxide in acrylic denture base is to
a. Make it more flexible.
b. Provide free radical after activation.
c. Prevent premature polymerization.
d. Increase resistance to crazing.
6. The role of hydroquinone in acrylic denture base is to
a. Activate polymerization reaction.
b. Make it radio-opaque.
c. Prevent premature polymerization.
d. Increase resistance to crazing.
7. Packing of acrylic in the mold occurs in the following stage
a. Sandy stage.
b. Sticky stage.
c. Dough stage.
d. Rubber stage.

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 8. Acrylic in the……………………………… is fluid incoherent mass
a. Sandy stage.
b. Sticky stage.
c. Dough stage.
d. Rubber stage.
9. Boiling of the flask for 30 minutes, at the end of curing cycle, is
important for all of the following except
a. Improves mechanical properties.
b. Decreases residual monomer.
c. Initiates polymerization reaction.
d. Reduces the allergic effect of residual monomer.
10.Internal porosity is present in
a. Thin portions of denture base.
b. Thick portions of the denture base.
c. Superficial surface of the denture.
d. Edges of the flanges of the denture.
11.Contraction porosity occurs due to the following except
a. Increase the powder/monomer ratio.
b. Decrease the powder/monomer ratio.
c. Lack of pressure during packing and curing.
d. Under packing.
12.Warpage of heat-cured acrylic denture base occurs due to the
following except
a. Opening of the flask before cooling.
b. Too rapid cooling of the flask in tap water.
c. Excessive heating release during polishing.
d. Excessive heating during curing.
13.All of the following properties were decreased due to addition of
cross-linking agent to acrylic denture base except
a. Solubility.
b. Water sorption
c. Thermal conductivity.
d. Crazing.
14.One of the components of the liquid of chemical-cured acrylic resin
is
a. Polymethyl methacrylate
b. Benzoyl peroxide.
c. Tertiary amine.
d. Barium salt.

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 15.Heat-cured acrylic resin is characterized by
a. Higher porosity than self-cured acrylic resin.
b. Higher polymerization shrinkage than self-cured acrylic resin.
c. Higher water sorption than self-cured acrylic resin.
d. Lower dimensional changes than self-cured acrylic resin.
16.After service, the heat-cured denture is undersize due to the
following except
a. Polymerization shrinkage.
b. Water sorption.
c. Thermal shrinkage.
d. Relief of internal stresses.
17.Advantages of self-cured acrylic resin are
a. Color stability, dimensional stability and lower residual
monomer.
b. Less warpage, short processing time and less porosity.
c. Less polymerization shrinkage, less warpage and short
processing time.
d. Lower water sorption, less dimensional changes and higher
strength.
18.Advantages of light-cured acrylic resin are all of the following
except
a. High mechanical properties.
b. No monomer.
c. Short processing time.
d. Better adaptation of denture base.
19.One of the properties of acrylic denture is
a. Water sorption is irreversible.
b. Coefficient of thermal expansion is compatible with porcelain
teeth.
c. Water sorption is reversible.
d. Coefficient of thermal expansion is not compatible with acrylic
teeth.

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 Soft liner & artificial teeth
Choose the correct answer

1. Soft lining material should be

a. resilient
b. weak
c. brittle
d. rigid
2. In acrylic soft liner, internal plasticizer is ………………….external
one
a. more preferred than
b. less preferred than
c. not different from
d. decreases clinical life than
3. Life span of tissue conditioner depends on
a. Liquid content
b. Evaporation rate of the liquid
c. Powder type
d. A&B
4. The composition of tissue conditioner includes the following except
a. PMMA
b. Alcohol
c. Tertiary amine
d. Aromatic ester
5. The most commonly used anterior porcelain teeth are……..
a. Diatoric teeth
b. Tube teeth
c. Pin teeth
d. None of the above
6. Tissue conditioner is a…………..soft liner
a. permanent
b. temporary
c. stable
d. a and c
7. Disadvantages of silicone based soft liner include the following
except:
a. Goes hard with time
b. Poor tear strength
c. Can results in candida infection

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 d. Weak bond with denture base

True or false
1. In the patient mouth, soft lining materials are below their glass-
transition temperature.
2. Porcelain denture teeth are recommended for diabetic patients.
3. Acrylic soft liners based mainly on its inherent nature while silicones
based on the presence of plasticizers.
4. Porcelain teeth bonded to denture bases chemically through pins or
undercuts.
5. Chemical-cured silicones soft linesr have higher degree of cross-
linking & have much longer clinical life-times than heat cured.
6. Acrylic denture teeth are highly cross-linked with larger molecular
size than that of acrylic denture base.
7. Acrylic based soft liner is preferred over silicone type.
8. Acrylic teeth contain less cross linking agent than acrylic denture
base.

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 Dental cements
Choose the correct answer
1. Which of the following can be used as a liner under composite resin
a. Z.O.E
b. Ca(OH)2
c. ZnPO4
2. Bioactive dental cement
a. Z.O.E
b. Biodentine
c. G.I
3. A material can be used for treating of root perforations
a. ZnPO4
b. Z.O.E
c. Biodentine
4. Liquid bottle of ZnPO4 should be kept tightly closed to avoid:
a. Air incorporation
b. Water evaporation
c. Acid decomposition
5. Biocompatibility of zinc polycarboxylate cement is related to:
a. High M.W of polyacrylic acid
b. Chemical bond with tooth structure
c. Rapid rise in pH
d. All of the above
6. Glass ionomer cement is characterized by
a. F release
b. F recharge
c. A& B
7. Zinc polycarboxylate cement is no longer used when it loses its
luster and becomes stringy due to:
a. Reduction in number of unreacted COOH
b. Rise in pH
c. None of the above
8. First adhesive dental cement is
a. Z.O.E
b. ZnPO4
c. Zinc polycarboxylate

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 9. Glass ionomer cement can be ysed as filling material in case of the
following conditions
a. Primary teeth
b. Stress bearing areas
c. Non stress bearing areas
d. A & B
e. A&C
10.Itaconic acid is added to glass ionomer liquid to
a. Reduce liquid viscosity
b. Control ionization
c. Reduce the liquid pH
d. None of the above
11.Which of the following is not preferred to increase the setting time
of ZnPO4?
a. Decrease the P/L ratio
b. Using thick glass slab
c. Mixing in increments
12.Smear layer removal before glass ionomer restoration is done using
a. Polyacrylic acid
b. Phosphoric acid
c. Itaconic acid
13.After glass ionomer restoration, which of the following can applied
to protect glass ionomer from oral fluids?
a. Varnish
b. Bonding agent
c. Fissure sealants
d. All of the above
14.From the unique properties for glass ionomer cement
a. Biocompatibility
b. Matched C.T.E to tooth structure
c. Low soluibility
15.When extra retention of cast crowns is needed, the following luting
cement is indicated
a. G.I
b. Resin cement
c. ZnPO4
16.The preferred cement for low strength ceramic restorations
a. ZnPO4
b. G.I
c. Resin cement

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 17.Regarding the conventional glass ionomer
a. The powder is methyl methacrylate
b. The powder is an aluminosilicate glass
c. It releases mercury
d. Following initial placement they shouldn’t be protected from
dehydration.
18.Which cement of the following bonds chemically to tooth structure
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Glass ionomer cement
d. None of the above
19.Cement which is called pulp capping material
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Glass ionomer cement
d. Calcium hydroxide cement
20.From the metal reinforced glass ionomer
a. Silver alloy admix
b. Resin modified GIC
c. EBA cement
d. Hybrid GIC
21.Which of the following cement has anti-cariogenic property
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Glass ionomer cement
d. Calcium hydroxide cement
22.Regarding Zinc phosphate cement
a. Powder and liquid are mixed on thick glass slab
b. Powder and liquid are mixed on thin glass slab
c. Powder and liquid are mixed on thick and cool glass slab
d. Powder and liquid are mixed on thin and cool glass slab
23.Which of the following combinations of cements bond chemically to
tooth structure
a. Calcium hydroxide and resin modified glass-ionomer
b. Glass-ionomer and zinc phosphate
c. Zinc poly carboxylate and glass-ionomer
d. Zinc poly carboxylate and zinc oxide eugenol

24.Regarding the glass-ionomer and zinc phosphate

a. The water settable form is related to zinc phosphate

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 b. The water settable form is related to glass ionomer and zinc
phosphate
c. The water settable form is related to glass-ionomer
d. The water settable form is neither related to glass ionomer nor
to zinc phosphate
25.Regarding the glass-ionomer and zinc phosphate
a. Polyacrylic acid is the main constituent of the liquid of zinc
phosphate
b. Polyacrylic acid is the main constituent of the liquid of glass
ionomer
c. Polyacrylic acid is the main constituent of the liquid of both
cements
d. Polyacrylic acid is not related to them
26.All the following cement bonds mechanically to tooth structure
except:
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Glass ionomer cement
d. Calcium hydroxide cement
27.One of the following cements is used as a permanent filling
material:
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Calcium hydroxide cement
d. Resin modified glass ionomer cement
28.Regarding glass-ionomer cement, all of the following are true except
a. It could be used in stress bearing area
b. The mix should be glossy
c. It bond chemically to the tooth.
d. It has anti-cariogenic effect
29.Removal of smear layer should be done before using
a. Zinc phosphate cement
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement
c. Calcium hydroxide cement
d. Glass ionomer cement
30.To extend the working time of polycarboxylate cements
a. Warm the glass slab
b. Cool the powder
c. Cool the liquid
d. Cool the powder and the liquid

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 31.Good biocompatibility of polycarboxylate cements appears to be due
to following except
a. Low intrinsic toxicity
b. Rapid rise of the cement pH toward neutrality
c. Limitation of diffusion by its molecular size
d. High movement of fluid in the dentinal tubules.
32.Regarding Calcium hydroxide cavity liners, one of the following is
not true
a. It has antibacterial action.
b. It stimulates secondary dentin in proximity to the pulp.
c. It has low or acidic pH.
d. It has low values of strength.
33.Sandwich technique is a combined restoration between
a. GI & amlgam
b. Zinc phosphate & amalgam
c. GI & composite resin
d. None of the above

True or false
1. Zinc oxide eugenol can be used as a direct & indirect pulp capping
material.
2. Film thickness of luting agents shouldn’t exceed 25 Mm.
3. Both liner and varnish have no significant mechanical strength and
provide no thermal insulation.
4. ZnPO4 cement can be used for cementation of ceramic restorations.
5. Zinc polycarboxylate cement can be used after losing its surface
luster.
6. Dispensing of polycarboxylate liquid should be done immediately
before mixing.
7. Zinc oxide based cements are opaque due to the presence of
unreacted ZnO particles.
8. Setting reaction of glass ionomer cement is continues for 24 h.
9. St.st spatula is not recommended in mixing G.I.
10.G.I has higher tensile strength than ZnPO4.
11.Cavity varnish can be used under composite resin restoration
12.G.I cement has short setting time & long working time.
13.Self-adhesive resin cement is indicated for cementation of ceramic
veneers.

16
 14.Cool glass slab is required during mixing of Z.O.E.
15.Before using zinc phosphate cement, 10% polyacrylic acid is used for
conditioning the tooth.
16.ZnPO4 is the gold standard of dental cements.
17.In glass-ionomer cement, finishing should be delayed for at least 24
hours till setting occur.
18.The final mix of glass-ionomer and polycarboxylate cements should
be shiny and glossy.
19.In polycarboxylate cements, carboxylate groups in the polymer
molecule react with fluoride of the tooth.
20.Calcium hydroxide can be used for restoration of cervical erosions.
21.Thin mix ZnPO4 cement has better biological & mechanical
properties than thick mix.
22.Maximum strength of glass ionomer cement is obtained after mixing.
23.In glass ionomer cement, fluoride has no role in setting reaction.

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 Dental Amalgam
Choose the correct answer

1. Zinc in dental amalgam

a. Prevents delayed expansion
b. Helps amalgamation reaction
c. Makes the set mass more brittle
d. Causes oxidation of the other metals
2. Amalgam is considered zinc free when it has
a. Less than 0.1 wt% Zn
b. Less than 0.01 wt% Zn
c. No Zn
d. Less than 0.05 wt% Zn
3. Spherical particles in dental amalgam
a. Need less condensation
b. Produce better contour
c. Need small condenser tip for condensation
d. Produce lower strength
4. Indium is added to amalgam powder to
a. Reduce tarnish & corrosion
b. Decrease setting expansion
c. Reduce mercury vapor
d. Increase setting time
5. The preferred amalgam for class II cavities is
a. High copper admixed
b. High copper unicompositional
c. Low copper

True or false

1. Conventional amalgam has lower strength than high Cu amalgam.

2. Spherical particles require less mercury than typical lath-cut.
3. Delayed expansion does not occur in zinc free amalgam restorations.
4. Usually spherical amalgam particles are subjected to heat treatment.
to relief stresses induced during preparation.
5. Dental amalgam is an alloy containing mercury and any other metal.
6. Dental amalgam is indicated for class V anterior restorations.
7. Spherical particles need large condenser tips during condensation.

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 Bonding Agent
Choose the correct answer

1. One of these statements is not correct

a. Bond strength is same at all depth of dentine.
b. Bonding to enamel is easier than dentine.
c. Smear layer affects bond strength.
d. Smear layer is a loosely attached layer.
2. Fifth Generation of bonding agent is
a. Single step self-etchant adhesive.
b. Two steps self-etchant adhesive.
c. Three steps etch and rinse adhesive.
d. Two steps etch and rinse adhesive.
3. Requirements of bonding agents are all of the following except
a. Minimize microleakage at the margins of the restorations.
b. Not affect smear layer.
c. Biocompatibility to dental tissue including the pulp.
d. Prevent recurrent caries and marginal staining.
4. Adhesives which dissolve smear layer rather than removing it
a. Combined conditioner and primer followed by adhesive resin
application.
b. Conditioning followed by combined primer and adhesive
c. Separate conditioning, priming and bonding.
d. Single adhesive or primer and adhesive.
5. Primers are
a. Solvents as acetone, ethanol-water, or water.
b. Hydrophilic monomers.
c. Hydrophobic monomers.
d. Bifunctional monomers in a solvent.
6. Advantages of primer are all of the following except
a. Enhances monomer penetration.
b. Increased surface roughness.
c. Increased surface energy.
d. Increased surface wettability.

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 True or false
1. For adhesives which dissolve smear layer rather than removing it,
rinsing should be done.
2. Bond strength of Sixth Generation of bonding agent is higher than
fourth- and fifth-generations.
3. Resin microtages are formed within dentinal tubules.
4. The most common site for bond failure of bonded restorations is the
cervical margin.

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 Composite resin
True or false
1. Microfilled composite can be used for direct posterior restorations
2. ultra violet light is preferred than visible light
3. Optimum physical properties of composite resin are reached after 1
hour from reaction initiation
4. A cement base is needed under composite restoration to protect the
pulp from thermal changes
5. Water sorption in composite resin can be a double edged weapon
6. Water coolant is not necessary during finishing of composite resin
7. Pulpal protection is not recommended in deep parts of the cavity
preparation with composite resin restoration.
8. Polymerization shrinkage stresses can cause fracture of restoration
enamel margins
9. Silica & glass fillers are radiopaque fillers for composite resin
10.Polymerization shrinkage of chemically cured composite is directed
toward center of the cavity
11.St.st spatulas are recommended for mixing of chemically cured
composite
12.The refractive indices of the resin and filler, the size, shape, and
number of filler particles, are not important to the dispersion of the
light beam.
13.In light–cured composite; shrinkage occurs toward the source of light.
14.In light–cured composite; an increase in exposure time is a more
reliable way of achieving polymerization than is a reduction in
thickness of the increment to be cured.
15.In dental composite; polymerization stresses could be relieved by
water sorption.
16.Wear resistance of dental composite is increased by decreasing the
size of the filler particle.
17.Coupling agent provides physical bond between filler particle and
resin matrix.
18.Polymerization reaction of dental composite is completed during the
first 10 minutes of exposure to light.

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 Choose the correct answer

1. In microhybrid composites, microfilled ratio is of

a. 5-15 %
b. 20-30 %
c. 15-20 %
2. TEGDMA monomers are added to composite resin matrix to
a. Decrease viscosity
b. Increase viscosity
c. Decrease shrinkage
3. Benzophenone are added to composite resin to
a. Act as sun screen
b. Prevent discoloration
c. Decrease polymerization shrinkage
d. A & B
4. Function of coupling agent in composite resin is
a. Reduce polymerization shrinkage
b. Reduce water sorption
c. Improve mechanical properties
d. B &C
5. All of these are components of dental composite resin material
except
a. Resin matrix.
b. Filler.
c. Plasticizer.
d. Initiator and inhibitor.
6. One of the functions of resin matrix, of dental composite, is to
a. Improve esthetic of composite filling.
b. Provide radio-opaque filling material.
c. Bind filler particles together.
d. Decrease polymerization shrinkage.
7. In dental composite, the role of the fillers is all of the following
except
a. Reduce shrinkage upon curing.
b. Increase mechanical properties as strength.
c. Reduction of coefficient of thermal expansion.
d. Initiate polymerization reaction.

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 8. To prevent discoloration of dental composite by oxidation;
……………………are present as one of its components.
a. Tertiary amines.
b. UV absorbers
c. Pigments.
d. Metal oxides.
9. All of these materials can be used below dental composite except
a. Glass-ionomer cement.
b. Zinc oxide eugenol cement.
c. Resin modified glass-ionomer.
d. Calcium hydroxide.
10.Advantage of chemical- cured composite.
a. Short working time.
b. Color stable.
c. Reaction not occurs uniformly.
d. Reaction not depends on thickness of restoration.
11.Disadvantages of light-cured composite are all of these except
a. Limited depth of cure after exposure to light.
b. Intensity of light source gradually decreases with time.
c. Infinite working time.
d. Health hazard of UV.
12.The net effect of polymerization shrinkage of dental composite can
be reduced by all of the following except
a. ‘Soft start’ polymerization.
b. Incremental placement.
c. Use unfilled resin.
d. Use of stress breaking liners.
13.……..cause inhibition of polymerization for resin composite
a. Oxygen
b. Eugenol
c. Hydroquinone
d. All of the above
14.In dental composite; silane coupling agent
a. Decreases wear of dental composite.
b. Decreases coefficient of thermal expansion.
c. Concentrates forces on the matrix.
d. Increases filler amount.

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 15.To obtain adequate depth of cure for light-cured composite; all of
these factors are important except
a. For darker shade, longer exposure time is not needed.
b. Check quality of light source regularly.
c. Light tip should not be contaminated with composite.
d. For large restorations, care must be taken to ensure that the
spots overlap.
16.Which of the following is not a contributing factor of wear of dental
composite?
a. Lower DC%
b. High filler loading
c. Porosities
d. Finishing without water coolant
17.………..is a photoinitiator for composite resin
a. Tertiary amine
b. Camphorquinone
c. Dibutylphtalate
d. Benzoyl peroxide
18.Absence of coupling agent reduces the wear resistance by about:
a. 1/5
b. 1/2
c. 1/3
d. 1/4

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 New trends of composite resin
Choose the correct answer

1. Chemical cured composite resin cement is characterized by presence

of……………
a. Champhoroquinon
b. 4-META
c. Hydrofluoric acid
d. Inhibition gel
2. All of the following are polymerization inhibitors except…………..
a. Water
b. Moisture
c. Tertiary amine
d. Oxygen
3. ……………. is a material characterized by both of polymerization
reaction and acid base reaction
a. Giomer
b. Glass ionomer
c. Flowable composite
d. Compomer
4. Fluoride release of compomer represent about…………. of that of
glass ionomer
a. 10%
b. 50%
c. 100%
d. 25%
5. High polymerization shrinkage of flowable composite is a function
of…………..
a. High filler loading
b. High resin matrix ratio
c. Low resin matrix ratio
d. Small sized filler
6. One of the following is used as a stress breaking liner under
composite resin
a. Flowable composite
b. Compomer
c. Ceromer
d. ormocer
7. Packable composite is characterized by………….

25
 a. Modified resin matrix
b. Modified fillers
c. Modified activator system
d. Modified coupling agent
8. ……………… composite is able to leach out alkaline ions to
neutralize the acidity of surrounding environment
a. Ceromer
b. Ormocer
c. Flowable composite
d. Ion release composite
9. Nanoclusters of nanocomposite are……………….
a. Loosely bounded agglomerated particles
b. Tightly bounded non agglomerated particles
c. Loosely bounded non agglomerated particles
d. Tightly bounded agglomerated particles
10.The volumetric changes that occur in composite are due to………
a. Ionic bond
b. Metallic bond
c. Covalent bond
d. Van der waal bond
11.Example for shrink free monomers
a. TEGDMA
b. SOC
c. Bis-GMA
d. UDMA
12.One of the following reduces volumetric changes of polymerization
process…………
a. Low molecular weight monomers
b. High molecular weight monomers
c. increased monomer numbers
d. increased monomer ratio
13.Assortment of filler size and shape causes…………….
a. Increasing filler loading
b. Decreasing filler loading
c. Increasing resin matrix
d. Change in rate of polymerization process

14.Monomer shrinkage before gel point may.…………

a. Cause cuspal deflection

26
 b. Cause adhesive failure
c. Be compensated by material flow
d. Fracture enamel margin

True or false
1. The acid base reaction in compomer occurs first followed by the
polymerization reaction.
2. Giomer could be considered as a light cured composite.
3. Flowable composite can be used for restoring class I & II cavities.
4. Packable composite can be used for restoring class II cavities.
5. In fiber reinforced composite, the fibers should be aligned
perpendicular to the direction of the applied load.
6. Prepolymerized fillers are used with microfilled composite to achieve
a higher filler loading.
7. Using lower molecular weight monomers reduce the polymerization
shrinkage.
8. It is of great benefit to not apply adhesive underneath smart
composite.

27
 Investment
Choose the correct answer
1. Air spaces or vents are needed in ………….to allow escape of air.
a. Gypsum-bonded investment
b. Phosphate-bonded investment
c. Silicate-bonded investment
d. Gypsum products
2. …………….investment possess higher temp strength
a. Gypsum-bonded investment
b. Phosphate-bonded investment
c. Silicate-bonded investment
d. Gypsum products
3. The binder in phosphate-bonded investment is………………….
a. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
b. Silica
c. Calcium sulfate
d. Sodium chloride
4. Gypsum-bonded investment is used for casting …………………
a. Gold alloy
b. Base metal alloys
c. High fusing partial denture alloy
d. Titanium alloy
5. Green shrinkage of silicate investment occurs during
a. Manipulation
b. Setting
c. Gelation
d. Wax burn out
6. …………….is the main ingredient in dental investment, that is
responsible for thermal expansion.
a. Calcium sulfate
b. Magnesium oxide
c. Silica
d. Water
7. The binder in gypsum bonded investment is responsible for
a. Setting expansion
b. Hygroscopic expansion
c. A &B
d. Thermal expansion

28
 True or false
1. Phosphate-bonded investment is used for casting base metal alloys
used for ceramo-metal restorations.
2. The binder of gypsum-bonded investment is calcium sulfate
hemihydrate.
3. Gypsum bonded investments has high temperature strength.
4. A delay in immersion time of the casting ring in water bath is
recommended to increase the hygroscopic expansion of gypsum
bonded investment.
5. Thermal expansion of investment is due to reconstructive
transformation of silica.
6. Vacuum investing technique is preferred over hand technique
7. Hygroscopic expansion occurs during setting in contact with water &
is more than double the normal setting expansion.

29
 Casting alloys
Choose the correct answer

1. Melting range of noble alloys is ……….. oC

a. 1300-1500
b. 950-1000
c. 1700-1900
d. above 2000
2. Alloys with high hardness ………………
a. Are not difficult to finish and polish
b. Show no resistance against service scratching
c. Wear opposing teeth
d. Light in weight
3. Ni-Cr alloys are preferred for crown & bridge work due to their
a. Low hardness & high ductility
b. High hardness & low ductility
c. Good esthetic
d. Good castability
4. The problems of casting Ti- alloys are all of the following except
a. High melting range
b. Low density
c. Chemical reactivity
d. Low modulus of elasticity
5. High noble alloys are rarely used in dentistry due to their
a. High cost
b. Low mechanical properties
c. Difficult castability
d. A &B
6. Co-Cr alloys are …..harder than type IV gold alloys
a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 35%
d. 40%
7. ……………. is carcinogenic to the technician
a. Nickel
b. Cobalt
c. Beryllium
d. Carbon

30
 8. Vitallium is used for making
a. Metallic partial denture
b. Crowns & bridge
c. Inlay & onlay
d. All of the above
9. .......is an example of B stabilizer for Ti alloys
a. Phosphate
b. Vanadium
c. Beryllium
d. Aluminum
10.………. Act as grain refiner in cobalt chromium alloys
a. Beryllium
b. Molybdenum
c. Carbon
d. Aluminum

True or false
1. Base metal alloys contain noble elements more than 25 wt %.
2. Noble alloys are easier in casting because of its high melting range
and its low density. .
3. Base metal alloys are abrasives to opposing tooth structure.
4. Noble alloys are easier in casting than base metal alloys.
5. Carbon containing phosphate bonded investments is preferred to be
used with Co-Cr alloys.
6. The low density of Ti & Ti alloys makes its casting process easier.
7. Only type I and II noble alloys respond to heat treatment due to their
high copper content.
8. Beryllium is added to cobalt chromium alloys to improve its
castability.
9. Base metal alloys are better in the retention of upper dentures than
noble alloys.
10.Vitallium denture framework maintains its surface finish for long
period of time.
11.Softening heat treatment is indicated for metallic partial denture
saddles & connectors.
12.Density & stiffness of Ti is about 1/3 of other base metals.
13.In Co-Cr alloy, higher carbon and chromium contents than
recommended ratios lead to brittleness of the alloy.

31
 14.Gas air torch is the most suitable method for melting of Ti alloys.
15.Pickling could be performed only for base metal alloys.

32
 Casting technique
Choose the correct answer
1. The Sprue of the wax pattern should
a. Be long with large diameter
b. Be short with large diameter
c. Attached to the bulkiest portion
d. Maintain its position after burn-out
2. The distance between the top of the wax pattern & the end of the
casting ring should be reduced to 4 mm with
a. Gypsum bonded investment
b. Silicate & phosphate bonded investments
c. All types of investments
3. Metallic casting ring is needed with
a. Gypsum bonded investment
b. Phosphate bonded investment
c. Silicate bonded investment
d. All types of investment
4. The most commonly used sprue material is
a. Hollow metal
b. Solid metal
c. Plastic
d. Wax
5. Gaseous porosity occurs due to
a. Too short sprue
b. Too long sprue
c. Overheating of the alloy
d. Underheating of the alloy

True or false
1. Too long sprue can results in casting porosity.
2. Pickling is recommended for base metal alloys.
3. Rubber casting ring can be used with phosphate or silicate
investment.
4. Casting ring liner can give to hygroscopic expansion of investment.
5. Asbestos sheet is used nowadays as a casting ring liner.
6. Localized shrinkage defects are commonly seen restoration margins.

33
 Wrought wires
Choose the correct answer

1. All of the following are used to prevent sensitization of st.st alloy

except……………
a. Avoiding heating too high.
b. Decreasing the carbon content
c. Addition of stabilizing element
d. Soldering
2. Nitinol orthodontic wire is characterized by unique property
according to its phase transformation.
a. Viscoelasticity
b. Fatigue
c. Shape memory
d. Crazing
3. ………….stainless steel is used mainly for fabrication of surgical &
cutting instruments
a. Austenitic
b. Ferritic
c. Martensitic
4. ……………………..orthodontic wire has limited formability.
a. Nitinol
b. Cobalt chromium nickel
c. Beta titanium
d. Gold
5. …………… is the only orthodontic wire with true weldability.
a. Gold
b. Cobalt chromium nickel
c. Beta titanium
d. Nitinol
6. …………stainless steel is used for orthodontic wires
a. Ferritic
b. Martensitic
c. Austenitic
7. All of the following are properties of St. St wires except ………..
a. High stiffness
b. Low resilience
c. Limited formability
d. Low cost.

34
 8. All of the following are properties of nitinol orthodontic wire
except………..
a. Low spring back action
b. High resilience
c. Low stiffness
d. Superelasticity

True or false
1. B-titanium wire has an intermediate stiffness between St.st and nitinol
orthodontic wire.
2. Wrought cobalt- chromium- nickel alloy produces higher friction with
orthodontic brackets than B.titanium alloy.
3. Nitinol produces low constant force on tooth during orthodontic
treatment.
4. St.st wire has large stored energy and needs fewer numbers of
activations during tooth orthodontic treatment.
5. Nitinol alloy is advantageous if used in curved canals during
endodontic treatment by preventing their perforations.
6. Superelasticity is a temperature induced crystallographic
transformation from martensitic to austenitic.
7. Stainless steel endodontic files are desired for severely curved root
canals.

35
 Ceramics
Choose the correct answer

1. Metal-ceramic restorations consist of ……………………………. on

which ceramic is baked.
a. Platinum foil
b. Alumina core
c. Metal copy
d. Wax pattern
2. Exchange larger potassium ions for the smaller sodium ions in
dental porcelain create……
a. Tensile stresses
b. Decrease in volume
c. Shear stresses
d. Compressive stresses
3. ……………… is to obtain a smooth surface that simulates a natural
tooth surface.
a. Condensation
b. Sintering
c. Glazing
d. Degassing
4. Function of dentin porcelain is to ……………………
a. Build the restoration
b. Mask the underlying
c. Provide translucency
d. Glaze
5. Leucite in dental porcelain is responsible for ………………… of the
porcelain.
a. Translucency
b. Strength
c. Brittlness
d. Sintering
6. The manufacturer control the firing temperature of dental porcelain
through the ratio of
a. Silica
b. Glass modifiers
c. Feldspar
d. pigments

36
 7. High hardness makes dental porcelain …………………..
a. Easy to polished
b. Wear the natural teeth
c. Adjustable
d. Brittle
8. Thermal properties of dental porcelain are………… to that of
enamel and dentin.
a. Dissimilar
b. large mismatch
c. Slightly mismatch
d. Similar
9. Transformation toughening of zirconia relies on …………..
changes under stress
a. Ion exchanges
b. Crystal structure
c. Thermal
d. Bond
10.Incorporation of very hard material that is capable of hindering a
crack from propagation is ………………………………..
a. Thermal tempering
b. Chemical tempering
c. Dispersion strengthening
d. Toughening
11.Glazing procedure for dental porcelain is done to
a. Produce smooth polished surface
b. Elimination of surface voids
c. Reducing surface hardness
d. All of the above
12.In-ceram……..has the highest flexural strength among in-ceram
types
a. Alumina
b. Spinel
c. zirconia
13.…… process is crystal nucleation and crystal growth within the
glassy phase.
a. Ceramming
b. Polymorphism
c. Devitrification
d. None of the above

37
 14.Noble metals used for metal ceramic restorations must have indium
and tin to produce………..
a. Surface oxides
b. Crystal changes
c. Thermal compatibility
d. Roughness
15.Most common type of failure of ceramo-metal restoration is…….
a. Fracture
b. Debonding
c. Bad esthetic
d. Sharp line angle
16.Alumina based ceramic core is …..stronger than feldspathic
porcelain
a. 30%
b. 40%
c. 55%
d. 60%
17. Mica crystals in dicor glass ceramic represent…vol% of the
material
a. 45
b. 40
c. 55
d. 65
18.……………is the process of formation of an oxide layer to improve
bonding.
a. Firing
b. Sintering
c. Degassing
d. Sandblasting
19.The advantages of CAD/CAM technology include the following
except
a. No shrinkage
b. No porosity
c. Good marginal accuracy
d. One visit procedure
20.……initially formed as amorphous glass then heat treated under
controlled crystallization conditions to produce a crystalline ceramic
a. Castable ceramics
b. Heat pressed ceamics
c. Glass infiltrated ceramics

38
 d. Sintered ceramic

True or false
1. Glassy phase in dental porcelain is responsible for its brittleness.
2. Alumina acts as crack stoppers in dental porcelain.
3. Function of condensation is to decrease firing shrinkage.
4. Metals and porcelain are designed with slight mismatch in their
thermal expansion coefficient.
5. The crystalline phase for IPS Empress ceramic is leucite.
6. High fusing dental porcelain can be used for ceramo-metal
restoration.
7. Castable glass ceramic can be used for posterior crowns.
8. Quartz (SiO2) in dental porcelain remains unchanged during firing.
9. Bond failure of ceramo-metal restoration depends on thickness of the
oxide layer.
10.In-ceram spinel is indicated for all ceramic posterior crowns &
bridges.
11.Shrinkage of dental porcelain that occurs during firing occurs mainly
in the low bisque stage.
12.Slip cast ceramics have short processing time compared with heat
pressed ceramics.
13.Sintering shrinkage of dental porcelain occurs in the high bisque
stage.
14.Add on glaze is preferred to auto glazing.
15.Feldspathic dental porcelain contains 60 % crystalline leucite phase.
16.Dental porcelain is weak in compression.
17.Alumina based ceramics have higher translucency than leucite based
ceramics.
18.For better condensation of dental porcelain, the powder particles
should be of the same size.
19.Sudden changes in porcelain thickness produce stress distribution.
20.Transformation toughening of zirconia introduces tensile stresses.
21.Porcelain must have a high fusing temp to avoid creep of the metal
framework.

39
 Dental Implant
1. Elastic modulus of dental implant should be
a. Compatible with the surrounding bone
b. Higher than that of the surrounding bone
c. Lower than that of the surrounding bone
2. Titanium dental implants are characterized by the following
properties except:
a. Biocompatibility
b. Biointegration
c. Excellent mechanical properties
d. Low density
3. Example of implant material that can biointegrate with the
surrounding bone:
a. Titanium & titanium alloys
b. Zirconia
c. Alumina
d. Bioglass
4. The major advantage of titanium as implant material is
a. Low density
b. Its ability to osseointegrate with bone
c. Biocompatibility
d. Excellent mechanical properties
5. The rational for apatite coated titanium implant is to
a. Improve esthetic properties
b. Enhance mechanical properties
c. Allow it to biointegrate with surrounding bone
d. All of the above
6. Nowadays the most commonly used implant design is
a. Endosteal implant
b. Transosteal implant
c. Subperiosteal implant
d. Intramucosal implant

True or false
1. Fibrointegration is the most accepted theory for implant-bone
attachment.

40
 2. In osseointegration, the space () implant & bone shouldn’t exceed 100
A0.
3. Biotolerant dental implant materials as titanium can show
osseointegration with the surrounding bone.
4. All ceramic implant materials can bioinegrate with bone.
5. Transosseous implant was used to stabilize a maxillary denture.

41