Permanent maxillary central & lateral
Maxillary central incisor
Enamel organ appearance
Beginning of calcification
Crown completion
Eruption
Root completion
Mesial outline
Mesial contact area
Distal outline
Distal contact area
Labial outline (proximal view)
Lingual outline (proximal view)
Labial outline (incisal view)
Lingual outline (incisal view)
The root
Pulp cavity (chamber & canal)
Maxillary lateral incisor
5 MIUL
3-4 months old
4-5 years old
7-8 years old
10-11 years old
Slightly convex
(with sharp mesioincisal angle)
Close to the mesioincisal angle
More convex than the mesial
(with a rounded distoincisal angle)
At the incisal/middle junction
Convex, with the maximum convexity on The same as the central’s but more
the cervical third
Convex at the cervical third, then
concave until the incisal ridge where it’s prominent cingulum
slightly convex.
Broad & flat
Narrow because of the convergence of
mesial & distal side at the cingulum
•labial & lingual views:
-Cone shaped (tapering) with blunt apex -Cone shaped & slender (compressed
-less likely incline distally
•proximal view:
-Cone shaped with the labial outline
straighter than the lingual one.
*Follows the configuration of the crown
& the root*
•mesiodistal section:
-Wide pulp chamber presenting 3 pulp
horns.
-The chamber is wide till the cervical line
where it tapers towards the apical
foramen forming the root canal
•labiolingual section:
-pointed towards the incisal edge then
widens till the cervical line then tapers…
forming the root canal
•cross section at the cervix:
-circular & centered in the root
-or triangular because of the lingual
convergence (in the young)
5 MIUL
10-12 months old
4-5 years old
8-9 years old
11 years
Slightly convex (more convexity than
the central’s)
(with rounded mesioincisal angel)
At the incisal/middle junction. It’s
larger &wider than the distal one
Even more convex
(with rounded distoincisal angle)
At the center of the middle third
(narrower than the mesial one)
convex and has more prominent
cervical ridge
The same as the central’s with more
More convex than the central’s
The same with more convexity than
the central’s
*thus, more rounded incisal view
(ovoid in shape) *
•labial & lingual views:
mesiodistally) with pointed apex.
-more likely incline distally
•proximal view:
Tapers to a blunt apex
*the same as the central’s. but in some
specimens the incisal end of the
chamber is rounded rather than the
three pulp horns
features -Mesiolabial & distolabial shallow DGs
-less prominent elevations & depressions
-larger shallow lingual fossa
-lingual pit is less common
-also has ML & DL DGs
-more prominent …
-smaller but deeper lingual fossa
-lingual pit is more common
-deep developmental groove near the
cingulum on the lingual fossa
-another DG distal to the cingulum
which may extend on most of the
root’s length (not common)
-tubercle may exist as a part of the
cingulum
-a lot other variations may occur as
twisted roots or may be missing