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Unit 2 F.Y.B.A
Unit 2 F.Y.B.A
02
Fundamental Concepts of Earth
¹ãð©Ìããè - ½ãìÊã¼ãî¦ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã
a) ¹ãð©ÌããèÞãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ½ãã¶ã (The Earth Size & shape),¹ãð©ÌããèÞããè ãä¨ã•¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ããäÀÜã
(Radius & Circumference),‚ãàãÌãð¦¦ã Ìã ‚ãàããâÍã (Parallels & Latitudes)
ÀñŒããÌãð¦¦ã Ìã ÀñŒããâÍã (Meridians & Longitudes)
b) Ìãñß (Time) - Ô©ãããä¶ã‡ãŠ Ìãñß ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñß (Local time & Stander time) ÌãñßñÞãñ ãäÌã¼ããØã
(Time zone) ‚ãâ¦ãÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ÌããÀ ÀñÓãã (International Date Line)
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¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‡ãŠãßã¹ããÔãî¶ã ¹ãð©ÌããèÞãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ½ãã¶ã ¾ãã ãäÌãÓã¾ããè ‚ãã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ãäÌããäÞã¨ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã Á¤
•ããʾãã Öãñ¦¾ãã.¹ãð©Ìããè Öãè ‚ã£ã㶦ãÀãè ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦ããè Ôãî¾ãà ‚ãããä¥ã ƒ¦ãÀ ØãÆÖãâÞ¾ãã ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ ‚ãã‡ãŠÓãÃ¥ãã¶ãñ ºã£ª
‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÍããè ¹ãìÔã›Íããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ããÖãè ¦ãòÌÖã Êããñ‡ãŠãâ¶ãã ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè. ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‡ãŠãßãè ¹ãð©Ìããè Öãè Þã¹ã›ãè ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÔãñ
Ìã㛦㠂ãÔãñ.¹ãð©ÌããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀããäÌãÓã¾ããè ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ‚ã⦾ã¦ã ½ã¶ããñÀâ•ã‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãʾãã¦ãÀãè ¦¾ãã ½ããõãäÊã‡ãŠ
‚ããÖñ.‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ¦¾ããâ¶ããè ¹ãð©ÌããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀããäÌãÓã¾ããè —ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀã¦ã ¼ãÀ Üãã¦ãÊããè.
Ravindra Gaikwad Depart. of Geography
¹ãð©Ìããè Öãè ÍãñÓã¶ããØããÞ¾ãã ¡ãñ‡ã‹¾ããÌãÀ ãäÔ©ã¦ã ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÍããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ãäÖâªî ¹ãìÀã¥ãã¦ã Á¤ ‚ããÖñ.¹ãð©Ìããè Öãè
¦ãºã‡ãŠ¡ãèÔããÀŒããè ØããñÊã Ìã Ôã¹ãã› ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦ããè ‚ããùãä‡ãŠ¶ããñ•ã ¶ããÌãÞ¾ãã ¶ãªãè¶ãñ Ìãñ¤ÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãñ ¹ãÆÞããè¶ã ‡ãŠãßãè
ºããùãäºãÊããñãä¶ã¾ãã¦ããèÊã Êããñ‡ãŠãâÞãñ ½ã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ.ãäÐãÔ¦ã¹ãîÌãà ‚ããŸÌ¾ãã Íã¦ã‡ãŠã¦ã ºããùãäºãÊããñãä¶ã¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãñŠÊãñʾãã
¶ã‡ãŠãÍãã¦ã ¹ãð©Ìããè¼ããñÌã¦ããè Öãè ¶ãªãè ªãŒããäÌãÊãñÊããè ‚ãã¤ß¦ãñ.‚ãã‡ãŠãÍãã¦ã ‚ãØãªãè ½ã£¾ã¼ããØããè ¹ãð©Ìããè Öãè ‚ã£ããâ¦ãÀãè
¦ãÀâØã¦ã ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÔãñ ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ã ØãÆãè‡ãŠãâÞãñ ½ã¦ã Öãñ¦ãñ. ‚ãù¶ãù‡ã‹¢ããè½ãò¡À Öã ¾ãã ½ã¦ããÞãã ¹ãìÀÔ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã
Öãñ¦ãã.¹ãã¾ã©ããØããñÀÔã ¾ããâ¶ãñ ¹ãð©Ìããè ØããñÊã ‚ãÔãî¶ã ¦ããè ãäÔ©ãÀ ‚ããÖñ Ìã ¾ãã ãäÔ©ãÀ ¹ãð©Ìããè¼ããñÌã¦ããè ƒ¦ãÀ ØãÆÖ ãä¹ãŠÀ¦ã
‚ãÔããÌãñ ‚ãÔãñ ½ã¦ã ̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ.ãäÐãÔ¦ã¹ãîÌãñ Þããõ©¾ãã Íã¦ã‡ãŠã¦ã ‚ãùãäÀÔ›ù›Êã ¾ãã¶ãñ ¹ãð©Ìããè ØããñÊã ‚ãÔããÌããè ‚ãÔãñ ½ã¦ã
̾ã‡ã‹¦ã ‡ãñŠÊãñ Ìã ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã ¹ãìÓ›¾ã©ãùãìÓ‡ãŠß ¹ãìÀãÌãñ ãäªÊãñ.
Ravindra Gaikwad
•ããØããä¦ã‡ãŠ ̾ãÌãÖãÀãÔããŸãè Depart.
‚ããâ¦ãÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã Ìãñß ½Ö¥ãî ¶ã ãäØãƶããèÞã ¾ãñ©ããèÊã of Geography
Ô©ãããä¶ã‡ãŠ Ìãñß ¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñß ½ãã¶ãÊããè
‚ããÖñ. ãäØãƶããèÞã Ìãñß Ìã ¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñß ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ 5 ¦ããÔã 30 ãä½ããä¶ã›ãâÞãñ ‚ãâ¦ãÀ ‚ããÖñ. •¾ãã ªñÍããâÞãã ¹ãîÌãÃ
¹ããäÍÞã½ã ‚ã©ããæã ÀñŒããÌãð¦¦ããè¾ã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ •ããԦ㠂ãÔã¦ããñ ‚ãÍãã ªñÍãã¦ã †‡ãŠã¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñßã
½ãã¶ã¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããʾãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.‡ãùŠ¶ã¡ãÞãã ÀñŒããÌãð¦¦ããè¾ã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ •ããԦ㠂ãÔãʾãã¶ãñ ¾ãã ªñÍãã¦ã †‡ãŠ †‡ãŠ ¦ããÔããÞ¾ãã
‚ãâ¦ãÀã¶ãñ ‚ã›Êããâ›ãè‡ãŠ ›ãƒÃ½ã, ƒÃÔ›¶ãà ›ãƒÃ½ã, Ôãò›ÈÊã ›ãƒÃ½ã, ½ãã…â› ›ãƒÃ½ã, ¹ãùãäÔããä¹ãŠ‡ãŠ ›ãƒÃ½ã ‚ãÍãã ¹ããÞã
¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñßã ½ãã¶ãʾãã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.¦ãÔãñÞã Ôãâ¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ÔãâÔ©ãã¶ãã¦ã ÞããÀ ¹ãƽãã¥ã Ìãñßã ‚ããÖñ¦ã.
•ãØããÞãñ ÌãñßñÞãñ ãäÌã¼ããØã (Time zone)
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Ravindra Gaikwad Depart. of Geography