04 2020 WJIT AdamJo Reinforcement

VOLUME 1 │ NUMBER 1 │ OCTOBER 2020
http://world.journal.or.id/index.php/wjit
ISSN: 2963-1637 (online)
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Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structural

Elements
Based on Sni 2847:2019 with Macro Excel
Adam Jo Darmawan, Tony Hartono Bagio, Julistiyana Tistogondo
Departement of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
Narotama University, Surabaya
adamjo777@gmail.com, tony@narotama.ac.id, julistyana.tistogondo@narotama.ac.id
Abstract
To support the ideal building construction, careful planning is needed to guarantee the strength, efficiency,
implementation flexibility, and also the economic aspects of the construction. Material that can be used to plan
a building's structures is reinforced concrete. Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse
aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time and the reinforced concrete structures can
be molded to any required form based on objective or circumstances. The utilization of Microsoft Excel is to
help calculate reinforcement for reinforced concrete structural elements that can be used practically in structural
planning. The computer program that can be used to help calculate reinforcement for reinforced concrete
structural elements is Macro Excel. This practical program that uses Macro Exel can be used to get the required
rebar for many structural element, such as : corbel, spandrel beam, compression reinforcement, shear
reinforcement and axial compression, flexural reinforcement for flanged section, bearing wall, shear wall, shear
reinforcement for flexural and shear section, depth for shallow fondation, depth for pile cap. With this practical
programs, the calculation of reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures is fast, effective, and also accurate.
Keywords :
Macro Excel, Reinforced Concrete, Reinforcement Design, Structural Design
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid
cement that hardens over time. Some of the benefits of concrete are strong against compressive force,
corrosion/decay by environmental conditions resistance, worn-out resistance, and weatherproofing. Concrete
also has several drawbacks such as weak to tensile forces, will expand or contract due to fluctuations in
temperature, difficult to waterproof perfectly, and is brittle. Reinforced concrete is a concrete combined with
steel bars, where the compressive force is held by concrete while steel bars serve to resist the tensile force.
Concrete can be obtained anywhere and can easily be prepared in any necessary structural forms. Hence,
concrete has become the most popular and widely used construction material in the world. The materials are
regulated according to calculations to produce concrete with a specific strength and durability, thus adjust based
on the objective. Indonesia has standards for designing buildings as a basis for calculating dimensions and
reinforcement from each section of the structure of the building. Designing based on Nasional, (2019) for
calculating reinforcement of reinforced concrete structural elements so the results can be used and make
structural calculating easier.
The computer program that can be used to help calculate reinforcement for reinforced concrete structural
elements is Macro Excel. Structure calculations are complex, exhausting, time-consuming, even more the
results obtained from manual design calculations are very vulnerable to human errors. The making of this
practical program that uses Macro Exel can be used to get the required rebar.
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1.2. Objectives
Based on the overview, the problem will be discussed is how to calculate reinforcement using Macro
Excel. The reinforcement will be included is:
1. Corbel
2. Spandrel beam
3. Compression reinforcement
4. Shear reinforcement and axial compression
5. Flexural reinforcement for flanged section
6. Bearing wall
7. Shear wall
8. Shear reinforcement for flexural and shear section
9. Depth for Shallow Fondation
10. Depth for pile cap
1.3. Purpose
This study is to produce effective, accurate, and accelerate the calculation process of reinforced
concrete's reinforcement design and the result will be compared with excel formula calculations.
1.3. Literature Review

1.3.1 Reinforced Concrete Structure
Basically reinforced concrete is a combination of two types of materials, namely plain concrete and steel
bar. Plain concrete is a material that has high compressive strength but has low tensile strength while steel bar
will provide a large tensile strength so that steel bar will provide the required tensile strength. With the
advantages of each of these elements, the combination of concrete and steel bars is expected to cooperate in
holding the forces acting in the structure, where the compressive force is held by concrete, and the tensile force
is held by steel reinforcement.
Figure 1. Reinforced Concrete Structures
According to SNI (Nasional, 2013 / Nasional, 2019) for structural designing, its connections to other
members, and its cross-sections, in terms of flexure, axial load, shear, and torsion, shall be taken as the
nominal strength calculated in accordance with requirements multiplied by the strength reduction factors.
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Table 1. Strength reduction factors

Action / Structural Element Ø
Moment Force 0.65-0.9
Axial Force 0.65-0.9
Shear 0.75
Torsion 0.75
Bearing 0.65
Post-tensioned anchorage zones 0.85
Brackets / Corbels 0.75
Strut, Ties, Nodal Zone 0.75
Development Length 0.9
Plain concrete elements 0.6
Anchors in concrete elements 0.45-0.7
Source: SNI 2847:2019 chapter 21.2.1
Besides strength reduction factors, while designing structural components there are also properties of
lightweight concrete. To account for properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a
multiplier √f'c in all equations, (\Nasional, 2013 / Nasional, 2019) as:
Table 2. Modification factor

Concrete type Λ
All-lightweight 0.75
Lightweight, fine blend 0.85 s/d 0.75
Sand-lightweight 0.85
Sand-lightweight, coarse blend 1 s/d 0.85
Normal weight 1
Source : SNI 2847:2019 chapter 19.2.4
Coefficient of friction, μ as multiplier factor for lightweight concrete λ for designing structural should be
according to Nasional, 2013 chapter 11.6.4.3 / Nasional, 2019 chapter 22.9.4.2, as:
Table 3. Coefficient of friction

Contact surface condition μ
Concrete placed monolithically 1.4
Concrete placed against hardened concrete that is clean, free of laitance, and
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intentionally roughened
Concrete placed against hardened concrete that is clean, free of laitance, and
0.6
not intentionally roughened
Concrete placed against as-rolled structural steel that is clean, free of paint,
and with shear transferred across the contact surface by headed studs or by 0.7
welded deformed bars of wires
Source : SNI 2847:2019 chapter 22.9.4.2
1.3.2. Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic Application

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application program that features various types of calculations and
graphics. The main advantage of this program is that it can process various forms of number processing, such
as: data compilation, projecting and analyzing data automatically. A spreadsheet can hold almost unlimited
data. Microsoft Excel contains vba language, a basic visual programming language developed by Microsoft and
was released in 1993 to optimize user work.
Visual Basic Application or VBA is a tool that can be used to develop software that controls Microsoft
Excel. The advantage of using VBA is:
1. Run the task properly.
2. If programmed properly, anyone can use the program.
3. Doing tasks that is difficult to do Manually.
4. Simplify a time-consuming tasks.
3
2. Methodology
Each program has a flowchart that helps in understanding how the program performs calculations and
executes commands given. Similarly in this program, each program has its own flowchart that will explain how
the flow of each calculation, but in the following figure is corbel's flowchart to show how this program
determines the reinforcement for corbel in a given dimension:
Chart 1. Corbel's Flowchart
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2.1 Appendix
2.1.1 Spandrel Beam Design Flowchart
Chart 2. Flowchart
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2.1.2. Compression reinforcement design flowchart
Chart 3. Flowchart
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2.1.3. Shear Reinforcement and Axial Compression Design Flowchart
Chart 4. Flowchart
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2.1.4. Flexural Reinforcement Design For Flanged Section
Chart 5. Flowchart
8
2.1.5. Bearing Wall Design Flowchart
Chart 6. Flowchart
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2.1.6. Shear Wall Design Flowchart
Chart 7. Flowchart
10
2.1.7. Shear Reinforcement Design For Flexural and Shear Section Flowchart
Chart 8. Flowchart
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2.1.8. Depth Design For Shallow Foundation Flowchart
Chart 9. Flowchart
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2.1.9. Depth Design For Pile Cap Flowchart
Chart 10. Flowchart
3. Result and Discussion

The first step is the user determines the structure dimensions, the quality of the material used, and the
load that structure will supports. After that, the program will calculate section nominal strength against the load
by considering the modification factors in given table 2, table 3, and table 4. The calculation results will be
checked whether it is able to withstand the load given and in accordance with applicable standards. The section
that has met the requirements will be calculated for the required reinforcement areas. The calculation result will
appear and the user can specify what steel bar to use/available on the market. After that, the program will
calculate and determine the amount needed, the required distance, and is it still in accordance with applicable
standards. The calculation is completed and reinforcement design results can be used. Here are the results of
program calculation for each structure:
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1. Corbel design
b = 355 mm
h = 300 mm
cc = 25 mm
av = 100 mm
Vu = 400 kN
Nuc = 150 kN
f'c = 35 mpa
fy = 420 mpa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
OUTPUT
Excel Formula Calculation
Asc = 1080.88 mm2
Macro Calculation
Asc = 1080.88 mm2
2. Spandrel beam design

b = 400 mm
h = 1200 mm
bL = 200 mm
hL = 400 mm
cc = 60 mm
d' = 40 mm
d = 1140 mm
Mu = 1800 kN-m
Tu = 150 kN-m
Vu = 565 kN
f'c = 35 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Øs = 0.75
Øt = 0.75
λ =1
OUTPUT
A'v = 0.971 mm2
s = 125 mm
Al = 2463 mm2
As = 5577 mm2
Macro Calculation
A'v = 0.971 mm2
s = 125 mm
Al = 2463 mm2
As = 5577 mm2
3. Compression reinforcement design

b = 350 mm
h = 700 mm
cc = 60 mm
s = 30 mm
d = 640 mm
d’ = 60 mm
MD = 450 kN-m
ML = 200 kN-m
Mu = 860 kN-m
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
Ø = 0.75
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OUTPUT
Asc = 1407.7 mm2
As = 5400 mm2
Macro Calculation
Asc = 402 mm2
As = 5400 mm2
4. Shear reinforcement and axial compression design

b = 300 mm
h = 400 mm
d = 340 mm
cc = 60 mm
VD = 45 kN
VL = 25 kN
Vu = 94 kN
ND = 20 kN
NL = 20 kN
Nu = 56 kN
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
s = 170 mm
OUTPUT
Av = 100.5 mm2
s = 160 mm
Macro Calculation
Av = 100.5 mm2
s = 160 mm
5. Flexural reinforcement design for flanged section

bf = 750 mm
bw = 250 mm
h = 600 mm
hf = 65 mm
cc = 40 mm
d = 560 mm
MD = 100 kN-m
ML = 265 kN-m
Mu = 544 kN-m
Cf = 773 kN
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ø = 0.75
OUTPUT
As = 4181.1 mm2
Macro Calculation
As = 4181.1 mm2
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6. Bearing wall design

L = 3.5 m
sp =3m
bw = 175 mm
PD = 125 kN
PL = 65 kN
Pu = 254 kN
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ø = 0.65
λ =1
h = 150 mm
w = 775 mm
OUTPUT
ØPn = 1163.66 kN
Asv = 180 mm2/m
Ash = 300 mm2/m
Macro Calculation
ØPn = 1163.66 kN
Asv = 180 mm2/m
Ash = 300 mm2/m
7. Shear wall design

Hw = 3.5 m
Lw = 2.5 m
d =2m
h = 160 mm
cc = 30 mm
Mu = 26000 kN-m
Vu = 900 kN
Nu = 0 kN
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
OUTPUT
Vc = 457.2 kN
Shi = 348.1 mm
Svi = 359.1 mm
Macro Calculation
Vc = 457.2 kN
Shi = 348.1 mm
Svi = 359.1 mm
8. Shear reinforcement design for flexural and shear section

b = 300 mm
h = 600 mm
cc = 60 mm
d = 540 mm
L =8m
wu = 120 kN/m
Vui = 480 kN
Vu = 415 kN
f'c = 21 MPa
fy = 280 MPa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
16
wc = 2400 kg/m3
OUTPUT
Av = 367.5 mm2
s = 135 mm
Macro Calculation
Av = 367.5 mm2
s = 135 mm
9. Depth design for shallow foundation

c1 = 700 mm
c2 = 300 mm
Cc = 80 mm
hs = 1.5 m
B = 4.2 m
L = 4.2 m
PD = 1500 kN
PL = 1200 kN
Pu = 3720 kN
q = 5 kN/m2
Pa = 200 kN/m2
w = 20.89 kN/m3
f'c = 21 MPa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
t = 800 mm
Vc = 1767 kN
Vc2 = 3813 kN
Macro Calculation
Vc = 1767 kN
Vc2 = 3813 kN
10. Depth design for pile cap

c1 = 400 mm
c2 = 400 mm
D_ = 300 mm
es1 = 350 mm
es2 = 350 mm
B = 2.5 m
L = 2.5 m
Cc = 150 mm
PD = 90 kN
PL = 50 kN
Pu = 188 kN
f'c = 28 MPa
Ø = 0.75
λ =1
t = 550 mm
Vc = 675 kN
Vc2 = 1676 kN
Vc3 = 655 kN
Macro Calculation
Vc = 675 kN
Vc2 = 1676 kN
Vc3 = 655k
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4. Conclussion
Based on the results and discussion above, several conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. Corbel design with input b, h, cc, av, Vu, Nuc, f’c, fy, Ø, λ will have output result as Asc.
2. Spandrel beam design with input b, h, bL, hL, cc, d', d, Mu, Tu, Vu, f'c, fy, Øs, Øt, λ will have output result
as: Av, s, Al, Asc.
3. Compression reinforcement design with input b, h, cc, s, d’, d, MD, ML, Mu, f'c, fy, Es, Ø will have output
result as: Asc, As.
4. Shear reinforcement and axial compression design with input b, h, d, cc, VD, VL, Vu, ND, NL, f'c, fy, Ø, s
will have output result as: Av, s.
5. Flexural reinforcement design for flanged section with input bf, bw, h, hf, cc, d, MD, ML, Mu, f'c, fy, Ø
will have output result as: As.
6. Bearing wall design with input L, sp, bw, PD, PL, Pu, f'c, fy, Ø, λ, h, w will have output result as: ØPn,
Asv, Ash.
7. Shear wall design with input Hw, Lw, d, h, cc, Mu, Vu, Nu, f'c, fy, Ø, λ will have output result as: Vc, Shi,
Svi.
8. Shear reinforcement for design flexural and shear section with input b, h, cc, L, wu, f'c, fy, Ø, λ, wc will
have output result as: Av, s.
9. Depth design for shallow foundation with input c1, c2, Cc, hs, B, L, PD, PL, Pu, q, Pa, w, f'c, Ø, λ, t will
have output result as: Vc, Vc2.
10. Depth design for pile cap with input c1, c2, D_, es1, es2, B, L, Cc, PD, PL, Pu, f'c, Ø, λ, t will have output
result as: Vc, Vc2, Vc3.
References
Nasional, B. S. (2013). Persyaratan Beton Struktural Untuk Bangunan Gedung, SNI 2847:2013. BSN.
Nasional, B. S. (2019). Persyaratan Beton Struktural Untuk Bangunan Gedung dan Penjelasan. BSN.
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VOLUME 1 │ NUMBER 1 │ OCTOBER 2020

Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structural

1.3. Literature Review

Figure 1. Reinforced Concrete Structures

Table 1. Strength reduction factors

Table 2. Modification factor

Table 3. Coefficient of friction

1.3.2. Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic Application

Chart 1. Corbel's Flowchart

2.1.2. Compression reinforcement design flowchart

2.1.3. Shear Reinforcement and Axial Compression Design Flowchart

2.1.4. Flexural Reinforcement Design For Flanged Section

2.1.5. Bearing Wall Design Flowchart

2.1.6. Shear Wall Design Flowchart

2.1.8. Depth Design For Shallow Foundation Flowchart

2.1.9. Depth Design For Pile Cap Flowchart

Chart 10. Flowchart

3. Result and Discussion

2. Spandrel beam design

3. Compression reinforcement design

4. Shear reinforcement and axial compression design

5. Flexural reinforcement design for flanged section

6. Bearing wall design

7. Shear wall design

8. Shear reinforcement design for flexural and shear section

9. Depth design for shallow foundation

10. Depth design for pile cap

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