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5G Essentials

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Course / Module 1 Introduction to 5G / 1.1 What is 5G?

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Overview of 5G
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5G is the fifth generation of mobile cellular networks. It is anticipated that it can provide high data rates, up to 10 Gbps, and very low latency, to 1ms 1 . It is also expected to support high device
density and high mobility speed. The 5G system can support up to 1 million devices per km2 2 . Comparing with 4G LTE Advanced Pro, which has 3Gbps data rate, 2ms lowest latency 1 , and up
to 0.1 million device density per km2 2 , 5G has achieved a significant performance jump.

connected vehicles, smart cities, e-health, edge computing, and mobile cloud gaming, all become possible 3 4
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Such big performance improvement can significantly change our society and impact our day-to-day experience dramatically. Many futuristic applications, such as smart factories, mixed reality,
5 . For example, 5G makes telemedicine, reliable and real-time monitoring of
patients possible which can greatly improve the efficiency of healthcare 4 . Therefore, 5G is not just a new generation of mobile cellular networks, it can significantly transform our world, and bring
new capabilities and opportunities for every people, business, and our society.

For the previous generations of mobile cellular networks, from 1G to 4G, the main drivers were mobile voice, messaging and internet access 6 . The focus was on the end consumers with handsets
or smartphones. However, the new applications like video streaming, augmented reality AR and virtual reality VR , demand larger bandwidth and shorter delay, which are very challenging to be
met by previous mobile networks.

The biggest difference between 5G and the previous mobile networks is the support of diverse applications 6 . Objects from body sensors to cars and factory machines, can organise themselves
to fulfil our diverse needs. New use cases may also be developed, creating novel business models. 5G mobile networks may impact the following 6 :

• Real world mobility: how we travel and experience our environment;

• Virtual mobility: how we remotely control the world;

• Infrastructure: How the infrastructure supports us; and

• 4th industrial revolution: how we produce goods.

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5G connects the world

In the following pages, we discuss some use cases that drive 5G to be the reality.

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