El C Brain Based Materials

INVOLVE THE
BRAIN IN YOUR
LANGUAGE TEACHING
38 Essential tools to English learning
T IVE
A
SPELLING REL OUNS
N
PRO
RULES TENSE
UILDERS IRREGUL
B AR
VERB
NEUROLANGUAGE COACHING
RACHEL MARIE PALING©
EFFICIENT LANGUAGE COACHING®
AIMING TO PROVOKE BRAIN CONNECTIONS

Note from Rachel
The objective behind these brain-based materials is to provoke and stimulate language
connections for the learner of English, assisting the learner to build bridges, associate and
group as much as possible. I have in fact tried to keep the technical language simple
wherever possible and move grammatical terms into simple terms.
As expert language educators, I am sure that you all have the experience of these
grammatical areas and this is about bringing in different angles and different thought-
provoking ideas: all with the aim of “making it stick” in long term memory more and more.
You can use the visuals; change them; elaborate on them; get your coachee to create them
in their own visual style or get your coachee to create their own flow charts, diagrams etc
based on what they are seeing here and I would encourage you to create more of these
types of materials for all the grammar topics that you touch upon.
In particular, the materials aim to bring more overview and, especially, certainty to each
topic, with clear beginnings and endings of topics. This is particularly the case for the visual
overviews of all the tenses (both active and passive overviews), so that the learner can in
fact see ALL of the tenses together and how they interact and interplay with each other,
instead of disjointed time lines that do not connect in the learner´s mind, bringing that
“bigger picture”.
My final words would be to encourage you to constantly be asking yourselves the following
question:
“How can I constantly help my coachee to make the necessary “connections” in this
grammar topic?”
Wishing you all the best in your Neurolanguage Coaching sessions.
Rachel
Comp. : Efficient Language Coaching Ltd. Phone : +49 (0)208 302 39 07

Street : Horbeckstr. 52a Fax : +49 (0)208 302 39 07
Zip : 45470 Mail : info@efficientlanguagecoaching.com
City : Mülheim/Ruhr - Germany Web : www.efficientlanguagecoaching.com
RACHEL MARIE PALING© // EFFICIENT LANGUAGE COACHING®

©2017 Rachel Marie Paling

Horbeckstr. 52 – 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
www.efficientlanguagecoaching.com
info@efficientlanguagecoaching.com
For any information on courses and updates:
www.languagecoachingcertification.com
Copies of this work have been lodged to protect the copyright of the author, according to
copyright laws in force in the USA, Germany and the UK.
ELC Efficient Language Coaching®, ELC Language Coaching Certification ®and

Neurolanguage Coaching®
are registered trademarks owned by
Rachel M. Paling and Efficient Language Coaching Ltd.
Comp. : Efficient Language Coaching Ltd. Phone : +49 (0)208 302 39 07

Street : Horbeckstr. 52a Fax : +49 (0)208 302 39 07
Zip : 45470 Mail : info@efficientlanguagecoaching.com
City : Mülheim/Ruhr - Germany Web : www.efficientlanguagecoaching.com
RACHEL MARIE PALING© // EFFICIENT LANGUAGE COACHING®

TABLE OF CONTENTS
01. OVERLAP OF NEUROSCIENCE, TEACHING AND COACHING ............................... 1
02. SPELLING RULES ........................................................................................... 2
03. SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH ................................................................ 3
04. QUICK GUIDE TO ARTICLES ............................................................................ 4
05. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ................................................................................ 5
06. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ...................................................... 6
07. PERSONAL PRONOUNS ................................................................................. 7
08. SUBJECT, OBJECT & POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS & POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES .......... 8
09. ENDINGS FOR NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS & VERBS ................................... 9
10. ADJECTIVES, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ENDINGS .............................. 10
11. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING AND -ED .......................................................... 11
12. LINKING WORDS OF TIME ........................................................................... 12
13. LINKING WORDS IN FAMILIES ...................................................................... 13
14. QUESTION WORDS ..................................................................................... 14
15. POLITE QUESTIONS - ORDER OF POLITENESS ................................................ 15
16. RELATIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................................. 16
17. PREPOSITION FAMILIES ............................................................................... 17
18. ACTIVE TENSE OVERVIEW............................................................................ 18
19. PASSIVE TENSE OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 20

20. WHICH TENSE SHOULD I CHOOSE? ............................................................... 21
21. TRIGGER WORDS FOR TENSES ..................................................................... 22
22. TENSE BUILDERS ......................................................................................... 23
23. PRESENT SIMPLE ........................................................................................ 24
24. STATE VERBS GROUPS (Verbs of "being" not "action verbs") ......................... 25
25. STATE VERBS (Verbs of "being" and not "action verbs") ................................ 26
26. PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS ................................................. 27
27. PRESENT PERFECT MINDMAP ...................................................................... 28
28. PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT ............................................................. 29
29. IRREGULAR VERB FAMILIES ......................................................................... 30
30. FUTURE TENSES.......................................................................................... 32
31. CONDITIONALS AS MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS .......................................... 33
32. REPORTED SPEECH - TENSE JUMPS .............................................................. 34
33. VERBS + TO - INFINITIVE VERBS + ING ...................................................... 35
34. ING or TO? ................................................................................................. 36
35. MODAL VERBS............................................................................................ 37
36. OBLIGATIONS - MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION ............................................ 38
37. PHRASAL VERB FAMILIES ............................................................................. 39
38. PHRASAL VERB PREPOSITIONS ..................................................................... 40

01. OVERLAP OF NEUROSCIENCE, TEACHING AND COACHING
1|Page
02. SPELLING RULES
PLURALS - VERB FORMS - ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
SH + ES
S
SS
CH
X
ZZ
CONSONANT + 0 > ES
VOWEL + 0 > S
change to I +
CONSONANT + Y > ES
VOWEL + Y > S
E + ING = ING
EE + ING = EEING
Adjectives one syllable = VOWEL + CONSONANT = BIG > comparative becomes

double consonant = BIGGER
2|Page
03. SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

The boy likes ice-cream.
COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT + VERB + (ADVERBIAL)
My book is interesting.
My house is far away.
DIRECT INDIRECT
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + OBJECT
Lisa gave a book to Me.
INDIRECT DIRECT
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + OBJECT
Lisa gave me a book.
3|Page
04. QUICK GUIDE TO ARTICLES
First time to introduce a noun ? YES A man
Only one item ? YES A book
Is it expressing a general meaning ? YES A method
Is there a specific item ? YES The book
Is it a plural or uncountable with a

YES CARS (no article)
general meaning ?
There was a man in the room and only a boy stood next to him. The man was smoking.
There is a book on the table.
It is a method which entails hard work.
Books can be found in a library.
The book on planes is in the lounge.
4|Page
05. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
FEELING OF QUANTITY OF SUBSTANCES FEELING OF QUANTITY OF LIQUIDS
Sand Wine
Sugar Water
Flow
CONCEPT GENERAL
Education Sport
Information Painting
Time Noise
Experience Life
Business
Space
__ Positive
SOME
Question with expected answer Yes
Singular Verb.
__ Questions (don’t know answer)

ANY
Negative
5|Page
06. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Verb in singular
Is noun singular? YES
There is a book here
NO
Add plural ending and
Is noun plural? verb in plural
YES
(countable) There are some books.
The books are good.
NO
Is it an
Is it an affirmative
uncountable YES
sentence?
noun?
YES NO
NO
Verb in singular +
SOME
Is it a question? Is it negative?
There is some
sugar.
YES
YES
YES
Do you expect a You don´t expect a YES
YES answer? answer
YES NO
Verb in singular
Verb in singular + ANY
+ SOME
Is there any coffee Verb in singular + ANY
Is there some
left? There isn´t any coffee
coffee left?
(Don´t know)
(Yes)
6|Page
07. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Subject Object Possessive Pronoun ( + Possessive Adjective

Pronoun Pronoun substantive )
I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its -
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs
I see you with my eyes. They're mine.

You saw me in your house. It's yours.
He sees her in his house. It's his.
She saw him in her house It's hers
7|Page
08. SUBJECT, OBJECT & POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS &

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
I ME MY It’s MINE
(book e.g.)
YOU YOU YOURS

YOUR
HE HIM HIS
HIS
SHE HER HERS

HER
IT IT --
ITS
WE US OURS
OUR
THEY THEM THEIRS

THEIR
8|Page
09. ENDINGS FOR NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS & VERBS
NOUNS ADJECTIVES
- ment - ful
- ion/tion/sion - ous
- al - al
- ence/ance - ic
- ty/ity - ive
- ness - less
- ing - y
- er/or/ee - ly
- ist - able/ible - ant/ent
- an/ian
ADVERBS VERBS
- ly - en
- ize
9|Page
10. ADJECTIVES, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ENDINGS
10 | P a g e
11. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING AND -ED
11 | P a g e
12. LINKING WORDS OF TIME
12 | P a g e
13. LINKING WORDS IN FAMILIES
Fillers
By the way / anyway
ironically
for example / for instance
in other words
Frankly / honestly /
basically
Fortunately / luckily
Unfortunately
13 | P a g e
14. QUESTION WORDS
WHAT? thing
WHO? person
WHERE? location
WHEN? time
WHY? reason
What is the reason for reason
WHICH? choice
HOW? way / manner
WHOSE? Possession
14 | P a g e
15. POLITE QUESTIONS - ORDER OF POLITENESS
I Most polite
YOU
MIGHT I WOULD YOU
MAY I WOULD YOU MIND IF
WOULD YOU MIND + ING
COULD I COULD YOU
CAN I CAN YOU
I Least polite YOU
15 | P a g e
16. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
16 | P a g e
17. PREPOSITION FAMILIES
at
in / inside - out / outside
into =/ - out of
on / onto / on top of
on =/ - off
under / underneath / beneath
PREPOSITIONS across / through

OF PLACE above =/ - below
over
among >2 - between =2
by / beside / near / next to
along / past
to / towards =/ from
in front of / opposite =/ behind
up =/ down
round / around
IN – year / month / season / part of

the day (morning, afternoon....)
PREPOSITIONS ON – day / date / single day
OF TIME
AT – clock time / meal time / special
times (eg. Easter, Christmas)
BY – during / until
17 | P a g e
18. ACTIVE TENSE OVERVIEW

Pre-Past Action: Time Focused: Result Focused: Habit: Looking back at a Plans/Intentions:
Events occurring Definite Time Point in Today, This month Often, Never, Always, completed action in “Going to…”
before the past. the Past Past actions connected Sometimes, Usually, the future: “I am going to meet
Last year, Ago, In to now. Normally, etc. “By tomorrow I’ll the president
1999…, “Previously, “This morning I have “I always eat at noon” have finished my tomorrow”
when I was a child” eaten breakfast” paper.” X4
“Last year I went on “I have learned to “By next week he will
holiday…” drive” have arrived in
X1 Berlin.”
X2
X3
(had + 3rd) (2nd) (have + 3rd) Do I eat? (would + have) seperate sheet (will + have) (will / going to)
I had eaten before Did I eat? I have eaten. I don’t eat. I would have eaten. („would“) I will have eaten. I will eat.
you came. I didn’t eat. I have driven. He doesn’t eat. I would eat. I am going to eat.
He had written a He didn’t eat. I eat.
book and then I ate. I drove.
published it.
Past Past Conditional

Present Perfect Present Simple Conditional Future Perfect Future Simple
Perfect Simple Perfect
Past Perfect Present Perfect Present Conditional Future

Past Continuous
Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous
I had been eating. I was eating. I have been eating. I am eating. I would be eating. I will be eating.
(had been + -ing) (was + -ing) I have been watching I am driving. (would + be + -ing) (will be + -ing)
television. (be + -ing)
(have been + -ing)
Like above, but Like above: Like above, but action Now, currently, at the X1: “I have never been to the US” Window of time in
showing longer pre- When, while, focused: moment, presently, X2: “How long have you worked here?” the future
past action: “While I was watching “It has been raining This week/year etc. “ I have worked here since 2003 / for XX years” expressing long
“They had been TV, someone walked since this morning” “Now I am eating” X3: Already, just, yet, still action:
arguing (for hours) in” “I have been learning “ I have already eaten” “This time
before they finally “When I was English since 1990” “ I have just eaten” tomorrow I’ll be
agreed” watching TV last “ I have not eaten yet.” sitting in a plane”
“She had been night, my mother “ I have still not eaten” “This summer I’ll be
looking for her keys called“ X4: Facts: “will” → ”Prince William will be the next king” travelling a lot”
(for days) and Predictions: “will” → ”Greece will never be able to pay back its
suddenly she found debts”
it at her office” Suggestions: ”will” → ”Your car is broken. I’ll give you a lift”
18 | P a g e
Conditionals
If x, then y.
0 conditional – if + present, then + present – facts and factual situations

If I write a paper, I use a pen.
If it rains, I take an umbrella.
1st conditional – if + present, then + future

If it rains, I will come home.
If I eat too much, I will get fat.
2nd conditional – if + past, then + conditional.

If I won the lottery, I would disappear.
If Germany won the next championship, then Brazil would be sad
If the EC were to adopt that new MIFID, then every trader would have to become a bank.
3rd conditional – if + past perfect, then conditional perfect.

If I had known, I would not have gone.
If the EC had adopted the right measures, then there would have been better results.
19 | P a g e
19. PASSIVE TENSE OVERVIEW
(had + 3rd) (have + 3rd) (would + have) (would + be) (will + (will / going
The meat had The meat was The meat has The house is It would have It would be have + to)
been eaten eaten. been sold. sold. been seen. seen. been) The meat will
before you The book was I have been The dog is fed. The book be eaten up.
came. read. driven. will have
The book had been
already been finished.
written.
Past Past Present Present Conditional Future Future

Conditional
Perfect Simple Perfect Simple Perfect Perfect Simple
Present
Past Perfect Past Present Conditional Future
Perfect
Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous Continuous
Continuous
(1) The book was (1) The house is (1) (1)

being written. being sold.
(was + being) The cat is
being fed.
(1) It is not usual to use this tenses in the Passive, as this implies using “been being” and this sounds awkward and is not really used.
20 | P a g e
20. WHICH TENSE SHOULD I CHOOSE?
Focus on result?
21 | P a g e
21. TRIGGER WORDS FOR TENSES (note : there may be some words that can be
used for various tenses and you may need to highlight these to the learner)
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Always, never, often, not often, seldom now, at the moment, at present,
currently, nowadays, this week....
Rarely, sometimes, usually, normally
this month, today, Look! (now), Listen!
Every day / each day, regularly,
(now)
habitually
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS

Yesterday, last night, last week, 3 days when, while, during (the night), as.....
ago At the same time as........
Formerly, previously, when I was young
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Ever, never, just, already, yet, still, this how long?
week this month, once / twice / three For, since, just
times etc.
How long? for, since
PAST PERFECT
Just, already, by 1960, before
22 | P a g e
22. TENSE BUILDERS
DO Present
SIMPLE DID Past
Present
HAVE Past
PERFECT HAD Future
Conditional
Present
Past
Present Perfect
BE Past Perfect
CONTINUOUS WAS - WERE Future
Future Perfect
Conditional
Conditional Perfect
PASSIVE BE All Tenses
23 | P a g e
23. PRESENT SIMPLE
24 | P a g e
24. STATE VERBS GROUPS (Verbs of "being" not "action verbs")
25 | P a g e
25. STATE VERBS (Verbs of "being" and not "action verbs")
HAVE / BE
WANT / NEED
26 | P a g e
26. PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Is it in the present? NO Go to a different tense
YES
Is it a habit, a custom, or a fact –

NO
always, never, sometimes, often,
Is it an action happening 'now'?
usually, every day, normally, etc.?
YES
YES
Is it an action verb or a state verb? STATE VERB.
Use present Simple – verb in

infinitive form, he/she/it adds 's'.
ACTION VERB.
I eat – He eats
Negative: Don't / Doesn't
Question: Do / Does?
Use Present Continuous

to be + Verb with ING
I am eating.
27 | P a g e
27. PRESENT PERFECT MINDMAP
28 | P a g e
28. PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT
Is it a statement in the past? NO Look at other tenses
YES
Is it a finished action in the past with Use past simple or

a TIME mentioned in the past? YES
Past Continuous or
He spoke yesterday.
Past Perfect
NO
Is there no time mentioned but

action started in past with a result
now in the present?
YES
NO
Is it referring to life experience YES Use Present

have you ever – never? Perfect
NO
YES
Is it with how long?

for/Since YES
NO
Any trigger words like Already, Just,

Yet, Still
29 | P a g e
29. IRREGULAR VERB FAMILIES
1. Verb + Past Simple + Past Participle the same

BET BET BET
CUT CUT CUT
PUT PUT PUT
Other verbs in this family: burst, bust, cast, cost, fit, hit, hurt, let, quit, read, set, shut, slit,
split, spread, thrust, wet
2. Past Simple and Past Participle the same

FIND FOUND FOUND
DIG DUG DUG
BIND BOUND BOUND
SIT SAT SAT
WIN WON WON
SHINE SHONE SHONE
Other verbs in this family: Cling, fling, get, grind, hang, hear, hold, lay, leave, light, meet,
pay, say, sell, slide, stand, stick, sting, string, strike, swing, tell, wring, understand
3. I/u , then a, then u

SING SANG SUNG
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN
DRINK DRANK DRUNK
RING RANG RUNG
SWIM SWAM SWUM
RUN RAN RUN
Other verbs in this family: shrink, sink, spin, spring, stink,
4. Verb, then t and t

BEND BENT BENT
BUILD BUILT BUILT
KNEEL KNELT KNELT
BURN BURNT BURNT
CREEP CREPT CREPT
Other verbs in this family: deal, dwell, dream, feel, send, sleep, keep, lean, leap, learn,
leave, lend, lose, mean, smell, spell, spend, spill, spoil, sweep, weep.
30 | P a g e
5. With an “n” ending the participle

CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN
BLOW BLEW BLOWN
BREAK BROKE BROKEN
DRAW DREW DRAWN
DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN
Other verbs in this family: arise, awake, bear, bite, eat, fall, fly, forbid, forget, forgive,
freeze, give, get, grow, hide, know, overdraw, ride, rise, see, sew, shake, show, sow,
speak, steal, swear, swell, take, tear, throw, write, wake, wear
6. Same pattern OUGHT or AUGHT

BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT
THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT
SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT
7. Past simple and participle lose a vowel

BLEED BLED BLED
BREED BRED BRED
FEED FED FED
HAVE HAD HAD
LEAD LED LED
SHOOT SHOT SHOT
FLEE FLED FLED
MEET MET MET
SPEED SPED SPED
31 | P a g e
30. FUTURE TENSES (simplifying the future – bearing in mind that there is a lot of
interplay between will and going to and different interpretations of the uses, in particular
with emphatic statements!)
Is it a plan or intention
in the future?
YES NO
Is it a prediction or a
Is it near future?
fact in the future?
YES NO NO YES
Is it a
Use present Use Going
spontaneous Use will
continuous to future
suggestion?
NO YES
Is it referring to travel /
schedules in the future?
NO YES
Check other
Use present simple
alternatives
32 | P a g e
31. CONDITIONALS AS MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS
This model is ideal for engineers, mathematicians and logical thinkers.
If x Then y
0 Conditional Present tense (then) present tense
1st Conditional Present tense (then) future tense
2nd Conditional Past tense (then) conditional
3rd Conditional Past perfect (then) conditional perfect
33 | P a g e
32. REPORTED SPEECH - TENSE JUMPS
ONE STEP BACK.............................
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Future Conditional
Future Continuous Conditional Continuous
Can Could
Shall / Should Should
May Might
Must Had to
34 | P a g e
33. VERBS + TO - INFINITIVE VERBS + ING
Take to + infinitive verb after

Is the verb in the following list? NO I want [to learn]
Can't Formalities Stop/Start Recommend Emotions

can’t stand admit put off recommend enjoy
can't face excuse delay suggest fancy
can't bear imagine avoid propose mind
can’t stop involve postpone advise (inform) tolerate
can't resist mention finish/stop/quit consider love
can't help risk give up imagine like
allow / permit cease hate
avoid practise detest
defend continue/go on loathe
deny keep carry on dislike
refuse prevent look forward to
require refrain from appreciate
tolerate regret
reject
practice
Use + ING after the verb
I can't stand losing you

I can't help falling in love
I hate working
35 | P a g e
34. ING or TO?
I must remember to call my

Before doing it TO
mother.
Remember
I remember dancing all night when
After doing it ING
I was 18.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before doing it TO I mustn't forget to call my mother.

Forget
I remember dancing all night when
After doing it ING
I was 18.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before doing it TO I regret to inform you......

Regret
After doing it ING I regret eating so much.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Same action ING I went on talking.

Go on
New action TO He went on to say.......
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Same action ING He stopped speaking.

Stop
New action TO He stopped to eat.
36 | P a g e
35. MODAL VERBS
CAN
ABILITY COULD
BE ABLE
CAN
MAY
PERMISSION
COULD
BE ALLOWED TO
MAY
POSSIBILITY MIGHT
COULD
MUST
BOUND TO BE
CERTAINTY SURE TO BE
CERTAIN TO BE
CAN'T BE
Be able to ABILITY Could
Can PERMISSION may
Be allowed to POSSIBILITY might
Must CERTAINTY can't be
37 | P a g e
36. OBLIGATIONS - MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION
POSITIVE Strongest
NEGATIVE
MUST
HAVE TO MUSTN'T
HAVE GOT TO
SHOULDN'T
SHOULD OUGHTN’T TO
OUGHT TO HAD BETTER NOT
HAD BETTER BE NOT SUPPOSED TO
BE SUPPOSED TO
DON'T HAVE TO
NEED DON'T NEED TO/NEEDN'T
IT IS NECESSARY DIDN'T NEED TO

(and didn't do it)
NEEDN'T HAVE
(but did actually do it!)
POSITIVE Weakest NEGATIVE
38 | P a g e
37. PHRASAL VERB FAMILIES (examples of how to create groups)
Get across | Get round |

Get at | Get away |
Get away with | Get back | Break down | Break into |
Get by | Get down | Get off | Break off | Break out | Wear off | Wear out
Get on | Get on with | Break through | Break up
Get out of | Get over |
Get round to | Get through
Set down | Set in | Let down | Let in | Cut across | Cut down |
Set off|out | Set off | Let off | Let off | Cut down on | Cut in |
Set out | Set up Let out Cut off | Cut up
Come across | Come across |

Bring about | Bring in | Look after | Look for |
Come off | Come about |
Bring on | Bring off | Look in | Look into |
Come out | Come round |
Bring out | Bring round | Look out | Look through |
Come around | Come to |
Bring up Look up | Look up to
Come up against
Go away | Go around |
Go back | Go back on |
Give away | Give away | Go down with | Go for |
Give back | Give in | Go in for | Go into |
Give in to | Give out | Go off (2) | Go on (2) |
Give up | Give up Go on with | Go out |
Go over|through | Go through
with | Go with | Go without
39 | P a g e
38. PHRASAL VERB PREPOSITIONS
Exploring the subtle meanings of the preposition
IN (gives feeling of) OUT (gives feeling of)
Bring in introduce Eat out outside/not in
Participate in involve Shut out exclude
Go in enter/into/inside Wear out exhaust/deplete
Take in give shelter/cover Bring out introduce /invent new
Clean out complete/finish/do
Thoroughly
UP (gives feeling of) DOWN (gives feeling of)
Go up upward movement sit down downward movement
Shoot up rise/increase/improve go down decrease/drop/deteriorate
Use up deplete /finish close down end/complete/stop
Draw up come near/approach
ON (gives feeling of) OFF (gives feeling of)
Put on attach/don move off move away
Turn off opposite of OFF come off detach
Go on continue go off rot/go bad
lean on touch set off detonate/trigger/emit

call off deter/stop/cancel
fence off prevent entry/separate

40 | P a g e
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
41 | P a g e
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
42 | P a g e

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AIMING TO PROVOKE BRAIN CONNECTIONS

Wishing you all the best in your Neurolanguage Coaching sessions.

Comp. : Efficient Language Coaching Ltd. Phone : +49 (0)208 302 39 07

RACHEL MARIE PALING© // EFFICIENT LANGUAGE COACHING®

©2017 Rachel Marie Paling

ELC Efficient Language Coaching®, ELC Language Coaching Certification ®and

Comp. : Efficient Language Coaching Ltd. Phone : +49 (0)208 302 39 07

RACHEL MARIE PALING© // EFFICIENT LANGUAGE COACHING®

01. OVERLAP OF NEUROSCIENCE, TEACHING AND COACHING ............................... 1

02. SPELLING RULES ........................................................................................... 2

03. SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH ................................................................ 3

04. QUICK GUIDE TO ARTICLES ............................................................................ 4

05. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ................................................................................ 5

06. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS ...................................................... 6

07. PERSONAL PRONOUNS ................................................................................. 7

09. ENDINGS FOR NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS & VERBS ................................... 9

10. ADJECTIVES, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ENDINGS .............................. 10

11. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING AND -ED .......................................................... 11

12. LINKING WORDS OF TIME ........................................................................... 12

13. LINKING WORDS IN FAMILIES ...................................................................... 13

14. QUESTION WORDS ..................................................................................... 14

15. POLITE QUESTIONS - ORDER OF POLITENESS ................................................ 15

16. RELATIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................................. 16

17. PREPOSITION FAMILIES ............................................................................... 17

18. ACTIVE TENSE OVERVIEW............................................................................ 18

19. PASSIVE TENSE OVERVIEW .......................................................................... 20

20. WHICH TENSE SHOULD I CHOOSE? ............................................................... 21

21. TRIGGER WORDS FOR TENSES ..................................................................... 22

22. TENSE BUILDERS ......................................................................................... 23

23. PRESENT SIMPLE ........................................................................................ 24

26. PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS ................................................. 27

27. PRESENT PERFECT MINDMAP ...................................................................... 28

28. PAST SIMPLE OR PRESENT PERFECT ............................................................. 29

29. IRREGULAR VERB FAMILIES ......................................................................... 30

30. FUTURE TENSES.......................................................................................... 32

31. CONDITIONALS AS MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS .......................................... 33

32. REPORTED SPEECH - TENSE JUMPS .............................................................. 34

33. VERBS + TO - INFINITIVE VERBS + ING ...................................................... 35

34. ING or TO? ................................................................................................. 36

35. MODAL VERBS............................................................................................ 37

36. OBLIGATIONS - MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION ............................................ 38

37. PHRASAL VERB FAMILIES ............................................................................. 39

38. PHRASAL VERB PREPOSITIONS ..................................................................... 40

01. OVERLAP OF NEUROSCIENCE, TEACHING AND COACHING

02. SPELLING RULES

PLURALS - VERB FORMS - ADJECTIVE ENDINGS

Adjectives one syllable = VOWEL + CONSONANT = BIG > comparative becomes

03. SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN ENGLISH

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

04. QUICK GUIDE TO ARTICLES

First time to introduce a noun ? YES A man

Only one item ? YES A book

Is it expressing a general meaning ? YES A method

Is there a specific item ? YES The book

Is it a plural or uncountable with a

05. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

FEELING OF QUANTITY OF SUBSTANCES FEELING OF QUANTITY OF LIQUIDS

__ Questions (don’t know answer)

06. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

07. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Subject Object Possessive Pronoun ( + Possessive Adjective

I see you with my eyes. They're mine.