1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

As the world progresses, disposable items like menstrual pads, tableware, tea bags,
face masks, gloves, dental floss, and toothbrushes, including medical supplies like syringes,
needles, surgery gowns, and bandages, to name a few, have become incredibly valuable to
people's daily lives making people more reliant on various devices and materials that
possess the quality of a single-use product that needs to be constantly replaced or upgraded
after a good few months or a year from its usage. Furthermore, the
widespread adoption of "aesthetic" packaging, or just the packaging itself in general, has
become widely utilized to create a new design trend, a new marketing strategy, and perhaps
to develop their signature style, has undoubtedly contributed significantly to the global
waste accumulation. Hence, it is doubtful to be stored or kept for its purpose only to protect
the product since it will be thrown away instead.

The threat of waste to the environment and people's health became an international
concern as nations and their cities urbanized, developed economically, and grew in
population. In line with this, the World Bank estimates that waste generation will increase
from 2.01 billion tons in 2016 to 3.40 billion tons in 2050. (What a Waste 2.0: A Global
Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, World Bank, 2018, p. 3)

In the Philippines, it is expected that solid waste generated in the cities and
municipalities will increase by up to 165% or about 77,776 tons, by 2025 as per Marlon De
Luna Era, Ph. D. (As cited in the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) Report, 2017)
From there, the management of solid waste has become one of the challenges that several
countries face.
 2

Solid waste management (SWM) is a critical component of responsible and

sustainable development. It has major effects on public health, the environment, and
resource conservation. According to the World Bank (2018) it stated that SWM operations
are typically a local responsibility, and nearly 70% of countries have established
institutions responsible for the waste sector's policy development and regulatory oversight.
(What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050, World Bank,
2018, p. 6)

Faced with these challenges, governments, industry, and society must work
together to make sure that solid waste management is effective and responsible. Proper
management of solid waste can have many benefits for communities, such as reducing
pollution and emissions and turning waste streams into resources like energy and materials.
It can also save cost savings associated with improved operational efficiency and reduced
costs of putting trash in landfills.

As the world starts to pay attention to the challenge of SWM, countries need to
realize that they need comprehensive, integrated approaches that take into account things
like collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste in a manner that will
ensure a clean, healthy, and safe environment as the world begins to pay attention to the
challenge of SWM. Therefore, to better safeguard public health and the environment, the
Philippines passed Republic Act No. 9003, or the “Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000.”

This law establishes a clear policy framework for addressing the country's solid
waste problems by providing a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological waste
management program. Its implementation is decentralized via Provincial, City, and
Municipal Solid Waste Management Boards, which are primarily responsible for
implementing and enforcing the provisions of the SWM system within their respective
jurisdictions.
 3

The prime objective of the program is to assist Local Government Units (LGUs) in
carrying out the requirements of Republic Act No. 9003, including but not limited to
creating a 10-year SWM Plan, closing and rehabilitating dumpsites, setting up Materials
Recovery Facilities, and implementing an ecologically responsible disposal system.

However, even though the legislature did everything to create a law addressing the
problem of waste management in the country, SWM in the Philippines primary national
concern despite the law being enacted and in effect for two decades now. The reason behind
its inability to produce the desired outcome is that, aside from the fact that there does not
appear to have been a shift in public mindset regarding waste disposal, as per the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines (2022), some LGUs
have yet to enforce the law despite the mandates. Aside from insufficient resources, as
stated in the publication series of the National Defense College of the Philippines (2013),
the lack of political determination to execute the Solid Waste Management Act firmly and
with consistency is the dilemma surrounding Republic Act No. 9003. In many instances,
plans and programs on waste segregation and recycling are not well established,
disseminated, and implemented at the community and grassroots levels.

In accordance with the policy, the City of Baliuag, Bulacan has implemented solid
waste management practices, such as waste segregation, collection, reduction, and
diversion. However, like many other cities in the Philippines, Baliuag City still faces
challenges in managing solid waste effectively. Nonetheless, the city has showcased its
progress when it comes to SWM.
 4

Baliuag City, a former municipality that proposed to be upgraded to a city status

when the pandemic started in 2020 and took effect in December 2022 after a plebiscite was
conducted which then paved the way to convert the Municipality of Baliuag into a
component city, was recognized during the Central Luzon Regional Competitiveness
Summit, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) for Region III (2022) released the
Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index 2022 Rankings, which position municipalities
and cities in order based on their overall score in four categories: Economic Dynamism,
Government Efficiency, Infrastructure, and Resiliency. With a total score of 41.44, the town
of Baliuag placed second for overall Most Competitive Municipality among First and
Second Class Municipalities, ranking fourth in the category of resilience and government
efficiency, sixth in the category of infrastructure, seventh in innovation, and eighth in
economic dynamism.

The recognition of Baliuag City as one of the most competitive municipalities in

the country is a testament to the dedication and hard work of the local government and
the community in promoting economic growth and development. In connection with this,
City of Baliuag’s recognition is not only limited to its competitiveness but also extends to
its efforts in implementing environmental policies, such as the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000. As mentioned in the previous section, the proper implementation
of this policy is crucial in managing waste effectively, and Baliuag's commitment to this
effort is evident in its adaptive evolution practices.

According to Concepcion (2022), the City of Baliuag has been commended for its
determination to maintain the SWM practices of sustaining waste segregation, collection,
reduction, and diversion by awarding Barangay Pinagbarilan in Baliuag, Bulacan, in
accordance with the 2021 and 2022 Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit (BECA),
an annual assessment spearheaded by the Department of Interior and Local Government
(DILG) – Region III wherein it aims to measure the level of compliance of all barangays
in Region III, with regard to the implementation of Republic Act No. 9003, for its
outstanding performance as an exhibitor of good environmental practices.
 5

Furthermore, it has also been recognized as a Highly Compliant LGU for

consistently passing the Manila Bay LGU Compliance Assessment for four consecutive
years now.

Despite these recognitions, Baliuag City still faces challenges in managing solid
waste effectively. The local government and stakeholders have identified several issues,
such as the lack of facilities and infrastructure, limited financial resources, and inadequate
public awareness and participation. However, the City has adopted adaptive evolution
practices to overcome these challenges, such as the promotion of waste reduction and
recycling programs, the establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), and the
implementation of information and education campaigns to raise public awareness. In
summary, the current status of solid waste management in Baliuag City is characterized by
progress in implementing sustainable practices, but with ongoing challenges that require
continuous effort and improvement. The local government and stakeholders are working
together to address these challenges and promote more effective waste management
practices in the community.

That being the case, the researchers reviewed the policy implementation and
adaptive evolution practices in Baliuag City and identified the factors that contribute to the
success or failure of solid waste management programs in the area by specifically assessing
the current status of implementation, evaluating the challenges and successes of
implementation, and identifying the adaptive evolution practices that have been adopted by
the local government of the said model city in managing solid waste that has become
considerably effective for them to be recognized as an exhibitor of good environmental
practices and was awarded in 2018 as Top Performer in the Environmental Compliance
Award (ECA) - Municipal Category despite the difficulty of the rest as discussed above.
 6

Through this endeavor, the researchers hope to contribute to the development of

sustainable solid waste management practices in line with Republic Act No. 9003 that can
help address the national environmental challenges we face today. By understanding the
challenges and opportunities in managing solid waste, we hope to support the local
government's efforts in creating a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly
community.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The research study aims to assess the City of Baliuag, Bulacan with regards to their
implementation of Republic Act No. 9003. As such, the study gathered essential data and
information by providing answers to the following questions:

1. How does the City of Baliuag, Bulacan comply with the solid waste management
before the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003?

2. What is the status of the solid waste management in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan
after the passage of Republic Act No. 9003 until the present time?

3. What made the City of Baliuag, Bulacan stand out among the municipalities in
terms of environmental aspects?

3.1. What are the basis of the awards or its criteria?

4. What solid waste management and environmental practices does the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan implement to guide the policy compliance of other municipalities
and cities in the said province within the R. A. 9003?
 7

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined as they are used in this study:

1. 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan- refers to the project proposal and future
strategies of Baliuag City in accordance with Republic Act No. 9003 regarding its
proper waste management, which comprises the collection, storage, transfer and
disposal of the city’s waste were projected for 10 years.

2. Adaptive Evolution Practices – refers to adapting or adjusting to evolutionary

changes to become more fit and suitable to certain situations that require
flexibility.

3. Ecological Solid Waste Management - refers to the systematic administration of

activities that provide segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage,
transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste
management activities that do not harm the environment.

4. Generators - refers to any person or other institution that produces solid waste.

5. Republic Act – refers to a piece of legislation used to create a policy to carry out
the principles of the Constitution.

6. Solid Waste – refers to all discarded household, commercial, non-hazardous

institutional, and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agriculture
waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste.

7. Material Recovery Facility - also known as material reclamation facility or material

recycling facility, refers to the service that separates and prepares single-stream
cycling solid waste.

8. Food Waste - refers to a substance that is designed for human consumption that is
wasted and lost, and it can happen anywhere throughout the supply chain, from
farm to harvest to household.
 8

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of this study are essential in providing a comprehensive analysis of the
implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act in Baliuag, Bulacan.
Additionally, the study will provide insights into the challenges and opportunities that arise
from implementing waste management policies in the Philippines. Ultimately, the findings
of this research study will be valuable not only to Baliuag, Bulacan but to other LGUs in
the Philippines and even to other countries facing similar solid waste management
concerns. Hence, the researchers would like to partake in knowledge sharing with the
following sectors:

1. National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC). This study will serve
as the basis in preparing the national framework in solid waste management. The
framework and drafts that will be created by this commission in the future can also
employ the management operation and practices of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan in
approving other municipalities and cities’ solid waste management plan in
accordance with R.A. No. 9003. The NSWMC may also use the City of Baliuag’s
perspective in implementing the said law and serve as the model municipality that
will create a paradigm which can be introduced to other government agencies. In
addition, the result of this study will provide ideas and information to NSWMC in
creating appropriate policies, rules, and regulation in implementing, enforcing, and
providing enough funds thereof.

2. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). As the Chair of the

NSWMC, this study will provide their department with findings and
recommendations in establishing methods and parameters in the reduction,
diversion, collection, and disposal of wastes. Also, the implementation and
enforcement of R.A. No. 9003 of City of Baliuag, Bulacan may be used by the
DENR in providing technical assistance and support to other LGUs in the
development of their solid waste management practices and programs.
 9

3. Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). This study will provide the status quo
and context, in formulating and facilitating necessary training programs to other
LGU and stakeholders. They can develop technical operation programs through
City of Baliuag’s implementation and enforcement of R.A. No. 9003.

4. Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). This specific government

agency is obliged to monitor and assist the Local Government Units (LGUs) in
implementing and enforcing R.A. No. 9003, since it is the department responsible
for proper administration and governance. Hence, this study will provide
information on what are the management practices the City of Baliuag has, which
can develop appropriate projects and programs to be introduced and adopted by the
other LGUs.

5. Provincial Solid Waste Management Board (PSWMB). The implementation and

management practices of the City of Baliuag in accordance with R.A. No. 9003,
can serve as a reference for this board, in developing and formulating their
Provincial Solid Waste Management Plan. Also, it can also establish exact
programs and projects based on the City of Baliuag’s viewpoint in implementing
the said law to other LGUs.

6. City/Municipality Solid Waste Management Board (C/MSWMB). The C/MSWMB

can facilitate benchmarking in the City of Baliuag in assessing the implementation
and enforcing the R.A. No. 9003 as well as adopt suitable projects and programs
for the successful solid waste management operation. Also, this study can provide
policy recommendations that will pave their way to formulate strategic planning on
solid waste management. In addition, they can develop and improve their local solid
waste management ordinances to boost and enhance the implementation and
enforcement of R.A. No. 9003.
 10

7. Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC). They can develop

programs and projects which can be suited to their barangay. This study encourages
them to strengthen and maximize their vital roles in the implementation of solid
waste management including providing ordinances that can facilitate the proper
handling and management of solid waste.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The researchers decided to limit the focus of the investigation to procedures and
policies relevant to managing solid waste practiced in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan prior to the
existence of Republic Act No. 9003 and during the implementation of the said law (1997
- present), specifically focused on identifying the factors that contribute to the success or
failure of solid waste management programs in the area by:

(1) Identifying the status of solid waste management in Baliuag City before the
existence of the SWM law;

(2) Evaluating the effects and challenges of the implementation to the same;

(3) Evaluating its current status of implementation; and

(4) Identifying the adaptive evolution practices that have been adopted by the
local government of the said model city in managing solid waste in their
respective city.

Additionally, the researchers also covered relevant documents, discussions, literature,

studies, laws and bills in relation to Republic Act No. 9003.
 11

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the relevant literature and studies that were used in the study
to provide information, ideas, and a rationale for why the study was conducted in the
manner that it was. The topics are divided into sections to present the history of SWM, its
background, policy implementations and practices of solid waste management laws within
and outside the Philippines, and the Baliuag and other cities’ compliance with Republic
Act No. 9003.

Timeline of Solid Waste management of Baliuag Bulacan before R.A. No. 9003

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to the study conducted by Domingo and Manejar (2021), it features the
excerpt from the separate study by (Themelis 2003 and Dong et al. 2003), stating that the
concern on municipal solid waste was mainly because of the devolution of Solid Waste
Management mandates both in the Philippines and abroad. This was a reflective concern
that has become one of the most common environmental and public health issues at the
local levels. The most common devolved function in solid waste management was waste
collection being collected at the municipal level by the use of garbage trucks, community
bins and door-to-door curbside pickups.

At the time prior to the enactment of the R.A. No. 9003, it was stated by Gequinto
(2020), that the problems encountered about solid waste is not of a devolved function in
solid waste management, but the reluctance of the people to practice proper solid waste
management. It has been also noted that there is no specific mandate that has been
promulgated to alleviate this concern since the citizens are only casting their garbage
anywhere they like since open dumpsites are not being apprehended anywhere.
 12

Thus, since there’s no legal framework being provided for proper handling of solid
waste, it has basically become a “tapon-hakot-tambak” (throw-collect-dump) system,
which is not environmentally sound, since practice of other solid waste practices like
MRF’s and utilization of 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycling) and composting is not
institutionalized.

LOCAL STUDIES

Since the aforementioned instance above had uncover the beginning of the solid
waste management problem due to lack of organized solid waste practices, it can be now
cited on the study conducted by Gonzales, (2003 revised on 2017), that the rural-
to-urban migration, population growth, and inadequate waste disposal facilities have
created immense pressure on urban environments in the Philippines. As a result, garbage
has become an issue that easily mobilizes the ordinary urban citizen into political action.
Local government officials often allocate a substantial portion of their budgets to garbage
collection for fear that they could lose the next election on that issue alone.

At the time of the 1990s prior to the creation of R.A No. 9003, since there was no
mandate about proper solid waste practices, citizens mostly relied on disposing of their
own waste, by the slogan of “Tapat Ko, Linis Ko”, (My vicinity is my responsibility),
which is a maxim for people in voluntary management of solid waste within their
household areas. As people proactively insist on throwing their waste on their own, they
usually tend to just dump it into landfills and dumpsites since there were no designated
recovery facilities at that time.

At that time, there were four dumpsites known nationwide including the Smokey
Mountain, Carmona, Payatas, and San Mateo, serving the metropolis and the other nearby
regions for the waste disposal in recent years. One by one, these have been closed, mainly
because they were filled to and beyond their capacity. Until the Payatas dumpsite is one of
the 2 remaining dumpsites left.
 13

Since payatas is situated in the center of metro manila and nearby regions, it is now
the open dumpsite that receives most of Metro Manila’s solid wastes. Due to its compressed
and inadequate capacity to receive these aggravated wastes, a tragic accident of trash slide
on July 10, 2000, caused by low waste density which reduces the surface flow of rainfall
water and resulted in a high rate of water infiltration into the waste. The water decreased
the shear strength by mobilizing pore water pressure and agitated the failure and collapse
of the dumpsite, which resulted in the deaths of close to 300 people, compelled authorities
to close it. To resolve the issue regarding landfills, and to encourage recycling more of
disposal, then president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the R.A No. 9003 after a year.
To contextualize this study on the City of Baliuag, it can be denoted that most of
the municipalities and cities across the country are already practicing the “Tapat ko, Linis
ko” rule. As a justification, this was being composed and incorporated to be a Solid Waste
Management Ordinance year 2005, known in Baliuag as their “Kautusang Pangbayan Blg.
11, Taong 2005”, for a more comprehensive and detailed law about proper disposal of solid
waste, which has been adopted by most of the cities and municipalities in the country, and
crafted by their own localized version.

Status of the Solid Waste Management in Baliuag, Bulacan since the enactment of
Republic Act. No. 9003

FOREIGN STUDIES

Recurring data shows that the Philippines is the 9th most at-risk country for climate
change due to the rise of sea levels, torrential storm surges, and droughts. The numerous
environmental-related disasters that the country has experienced are justified. Its inefficient
and ineffective SWM is a concern in terms of its impact on the environment and public
health (Macawile & Su, 2009).
 14

According to Huhtala, as stated by Macawile and Su (2009), groundwater sources

and other water bodies' contamination, undesirable odors, and aesthetic deterioration are
the issues and problems that might result from the mismanagement of solid wastes in the
country. Also, as stated by Calderon (2000), managerial problems would be faced by the
national and local governments due to the increasing population, which may result in an
increased generation rate for every Filipino. Hence, the solid waste generated will surely
increase. (Macawile & Su, 2009). To tabulate, approximately 35,580 tons of garbage is
generated in the country, equivalent to 0.5 kg and 0.3 kg of garbage per person in mixed
urban and rural areas, respectively. The NCR generates an estimated 8,636 tons of garbage
per day and more like 0.7 kg per resident because of urbanized lifestyles. Furthermore, it
is said that 74% of the most solid waste comes from the Philippine household.

LOCAL STUDIES

The Philippines, as cited in the foreign study above, is the world's third biggest
dumper of solid waste in the ocean and has the highest trash collection rate in Southeast
Asia (Ranada, 2015). In view of the alarming case, the importance of the Solid Waste
Management Program through the passage of Republic Act No. 9003 must be cherished.
Through this program, the mounting global crisis that endangers humanity, such as
pollution, environmental damages, disasters like flooding, and the killing of natural
resources like fish and other marine aquatic life, can be mitigated. Landfilling and the 3
R's Integrated Waste Management Method: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle are the main types
of SWM benign practices that can be adopted and put into practice to lessen the solid waste
accumulation in the Philippines in accordance with the Act.
 15

In a clearer context, practicing SWM in accordance with Republic Act No. 9003
serves as a form of waste control through the transportation, collection, disposal, and
processing of solid waste to set the bar high for maintaining the quality of engineering,
public health, resource conservation, and economics, by avoiding the following
environmental concerns to protect the treasures and resources that are being used by these
industries. That being said, through the passage of the aforementioned law, the Solid Waste
Management Program will create a supportive institutional setting and an enabling
environment that are essential for developing countries like the Philippines.

In line with this, the Philippines encourages consumers to dispose of beverage

containers properly by institutionalizing a Refund-Deposit Mechanism. This mechanism
requires individuals to receive monetary compensation for returning beverage containers
to designated locations, such as retail stores, thereby creating incentives for proper disposal
among the general public.

As to the current status of Baliuag in terms of Solid Waste Management, it can be

attest that through their 10 year solid waste management plan and their municipal and
provincial ordinances featured herein this paper, the practices of using Landfills,
centralized MRF’s (Material Recovery Facility), proper imposition of 3R’s, 12
categorization of solid waste segregation and refund deposit mechanism and incentives that
the act was certain aim at the time of its erection has been gradually implemented and been
consistently maintained. Thus, the status of solid waste management in Baliuag has been
in progress to fulfill its continuous solid waste management goal in the next 10 years.
 16

Key takeaways of Baliuag, Bulacan as the top performer in the province of Bulacan in
terms of Solid waste management.

LOCAL STUDIES

Based on the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) report in

2020, results have shown that the Municipality of Baliuag, Bulacan awarded as the 2019
National Manila BAYani for Municipal Category under the 2019 Manila BAYani Awards
and Incentives (MBAI) of the Manila Bay Clean-Up, Rehabilitation and Preservation
Program (MBCRPP) among 177 LGUs in Region III. In addition, the said city together
with the City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan was also awarded as the top performer in the
same category in which they received the 2019 Regional Manila BAYani Award. The said
program encourages the Local Government Units (LGUs) by giving incentives and to be
recognized based on their compliance and exemplary performance in the implementation
of environmental laws by providing innovative strategies and programs. The said
incentives alongside receiving plaques of recognition may be used for the implementation
of their environment-related programs and activities by the awarded city or municipality.
Moreover, the said awards are determined based on their compliance on the following
criteria:

1. Liquid Waste Management

2. Solid Waste Management

3. Informal Settler Families

4. Biodiversity Management; and

5. Institutional Arrangements
 17

Furthermore, the City of Baliuag, Bulacan topped not just in the stated programs
but also in the province of Bulacan. Based on the recent report conducted by the Barangay
Environmental Compliance Audit (BECA) in 2022, there are four (4) barangays hailed as
the top performance to which Baliuag, Bulacan is also present. The Barangay Gaya-Gaya
of City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan was 1st place in the city category, Barangay
Pinagbarilan, Baliuag, Bulacan for 1st place in municipal category followed by Barangay
Poblacion in Pulilan, Bulacan and Barangay Pansumaloc in San Rafael Bulacan to which
they 2nd and 3rd placer in the same category. As to the criteria to be recognized as top
performers for the Provincial Assessment, the following must be determined:

1. Existence of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee

2. Existence of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Action Plan/Program

3. Existence and Implementation of an ordinance on “No Segregation, No

Collection”

4. Existence and Implementation of an ordinance on “No Littering, No Illegal

Dumping, and Open Burning”

5. Percentage of Households that Practices Segregation

6. Existence of an Enforcement Team for Solid Waste Management; and

7. Functional Barangay Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

 18

Solid Waste Management of Baliuag, Bulacan as a Model City for Other Municipalities

LOCAL STUDIES

Based on the study of Macabontoc and Vargas (2021) in accordance with the study
of Abdallah (2017) states that environmental policy is primarily concerned with how best
to govern the relationship between humans and the natural environment for the benefit of
both. In 2015, the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) of
Baliuag, Bulacan conducted a study to which results have shown that around seventy-five
(75) tons of solid waste are collected daily.

Due to this, the amount of the said waste exceeds what the landfills or facilities can
accommodate. The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO)
Baliuag come into action with regards to the increasing problem in their area and
implemented four (4) programs making the City of Baliuag, Bulacan considered as one of
the most progressive and richest towns Bulacan and a role model to other municipalities
(Macabontoc & Vargas, 2021). The said programs are as follows:

1. Information Education Campaign (IEC)

2. Segregation at Source Program

3. Weekly Clean-Up Drive

4. Waste for Cellphone Load

In the same study, it has been discussed that to successfully implement these
programs, community participation is needed which makes the City of Baliuag, Bulacan
stand out in implementing these practices and programs. The first program namely
Information Education Campaign (IEC) which relays information and community’s
responsibility with regards to the matters related to Solid Waste Management, Recycling,
Proper Waste Segregation, Climate Change and Municipal Ordinances by discussing to
schools and barangays.
 19

On the other hand, the Segregation at Source Program involves the implementation
of proper waste segregation of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable in households,
establishments, and other sectors in line with their policy about “No Segregation, No
Collection Policy”. The Weekly Clean-Up Drive involves a wide range cleaning of waste
which was originally conducted monthly, but the residents of the said city requested that
they are willing to do it weekly based on the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Office (MENRO) Baliuag. Lastly, the Waste for Cellphone Load or “May Load sa Basura
'' which aims to the reduction of waste to which solid waste is swapped for goods and
cellular loads in accredited sari-sari stores in the said City.

Related Provisions, Laws and Jurisprudences about Solid Waste Management

LOCAL LITERATURE

1987 Constitution: Article II, Section 16

Article II, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution states, “The State shall protect and
advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the
rhythm and harmony of nature.” Revilla, Jr. (2013) affirms that the duty to refrain from
harming the environment is correlated with the right to a balanced and healthy ecology. It
is the duty of the state to protect such rights to reverse the damage that has already been
done for the benefit of future generations who will inherit the kind of land that the present
generation will leave them. Therefore, such responsibility pertains to us as citizens of the
Philippines and the world.

Furthermore, in the book Constitution Made Simple, Fifth Edition (De Leon & De
Leon, Jr., 2019, pp. 45-47), there are simple acts to save our environment, and among them
are:

1. By taking part in a campaign to clean-up of the environment, especially by

keeping rivers and beaches like Manila Bay and Boracay clean;
 20

2. By planting trees and buying fresh local products;

3. By conserving water;

4. By serving energy;

5. By reducing the accumulation of waste;

6. By having proper waste management;

7. By avoiding throwing hazardous substances, such as spent batteries, that will

cause pollution;

8. By using recyclable materials instead of single-use plastic products such as

cups and straws;

9. By joining environmental organizations;

10. By assisting or participating in activities of schools and barangays that can

raise public awareness of the alarming existence of ecological problems; and

11. By reporting violations of environmental laws and regulations to the proper

authorities.

Republic Act No. 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001

According to Article I, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 9003, the Philippine

government adopted the aforementioned law in response to the serious situation of waste
mismanagement in the country and the harm it produces to both the environment and public
welfare if it is not resolved. Unlike the earlier environmental rules that took a piecemeal
approach, it offers a comprehensive approach to SWM issues that expresses the country's
desire to implement a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management
program that will preserve public health and the environment.
 21

Republic Act No. 9003 is regarded as the most comprehensive solid waste
management act in the Philippines, which is a significant forward step in tackling the
country's mismanagement of solid waste. Furthermore, the said act approaches the problem
holistically and recognizes the significance of collaboration from all sectors for its
implementation. It supports the paradigm that waste can be recycled as a resource, which
means that it facilitates the idea that waste is a resource that can be retrieved. As stated in
Environmental Research published by Camarillo and Bellotindos (2021), Republic Act No.
9003 offers the most favored choices for solid waste management with source reduction
and minimization of waste generated at source and resource recovery, recycling, and reuse
of waste.

History of its Passage

Republic Act No. 9003

In relation to the mandate of the 1987 Constitution, the former Metro Manila
Commission, since 1969, has formulated several contingency plans to address the garbage
situation in Metro Manila, but these have yet to be implemented for various reasons
(Sapuay, 2000). The constant increase in the volume of solid waste caught the media's
attention. On the other hand, the residents of Metro Manila started to rally about their
dumpsite problem. As a result, it urged the legislators to make collaborative efforts. It
developed a comprehensive law that will resolve the environmental and sanitation
problems faced by Metro Manila and the rest of the country.

The late Congressman Carlos O. Cojuangco presented a bill entitled "An Act
Providing for a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Program" on January 26, 2001,
wherein it creates the necessary institutional mechanism and incentives, prohibited acts,
and their penalties, funds, and other purposes towards maintaining a clean environment
that is significant to public health, resource management, and utilization.
 22

It demonstrates to the people how to conserve resources by using the 3 Rs: Reuse,
Reduce, and Recycle (of materials). Furthermore, the bill enumerates the categorization of
wastes into solid, hazardous, infectious, and special wastes. It invigorates a mandate to
public officials from the national level to LGUs to provide procedures down to waste
disposal.

The inference is that this situation has resulted in irresponsible solid waste disposal
by Filipinos, for they only dispose of their waste wherever they prefer and because open
areas exist.. Hence, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act No. 9003, or the
"Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000," on December 20, 2000, since no
national laws are focused on helping and controlling the deterioration of solid waste
mishandling in the Philippines.

Through the enactment of this law, a solution to the impending garbage issue in the
country will be addressed, associated with, and compliant under the International Solid
Waste Management (ISWM) to resolve the waste problem in the Philippines without any
interference or intervention of institutions. Its promulgation was related to the trash slide
tragedy in Payatas, Quezon City, and to avoiding such a scenario from being repeated.
Thus, the Philippines took the initiative to pass this law to solve domestic garbage issues.
Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed and approved Republic Act No. 9003
into law on January 26, 2001.

It has been suggested by S. Domingo and A.J. Manejar (2021) that Republic Act
No. 9003 must authorize the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC)
together with the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), which serves as its
secretariat as a multi-agency body established to carry out its provisions, to be able to
enforce MSWM. It also recognizes the LGUs to institutionalize methodological,
all-inclusive, and environmentally sound MSWM plans and further guides the conception
of the SWMB, beginning the national, provincial, city/municipal, and down to the barangay
level. The barangay is the lowest political and administrative level in the Philippines.
 23

Section 57 of Republic Act No. 9003 provides that the LGU is authorized to collect
solid waste management fees. They shall impose fees in amounts sufficient to pay the costs
of preparing, adopting, and implementing an SWM plan prepared pursuant to this Act. The
fees shall be based on the following minimum factors: (a) types of solid waste; (b) amount
or volume of waste; and (c) distance of the transfer station to the waste management
facility. The fees will cover the LGU’s actual costs in collecting the local fees. The LGU
shall include only those costs directly related to the adoption and implementation of the
plan, as well as the setting and collection of the local fees, in determining the amounts of
the fees.

The current waste management scheme outlines the roles of the city or municipal
government and the barangays in initiating waste diversion. However, according to
NSWMC’s data, its implementation timeline needs to catch up. It has been more than two
(2) decades since its implementation, and it is still evident that most LGUs still observe
weak compliance regarding SWM. It has been firm in stating that the standing of SWM in
the country still requires strengthening, not because its laws are flawed or more efficient,
but because of the need for more effectiveness with regard to the agency's implementation.

Republic Act No. 9512: National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008

In compliance with the law, all public and private schools in the Philippines are
instructed to include environmental education as part of their curricula. This obligation
falls on the Department of Education (DepEd), the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED), the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), and other relevant agencies
working in coordination with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR), the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), and other relevant agencies.
 24

Under Section 3 of the aforementioned law, the enumerated departments shall

integrate environmental education into their school curricula at all levels, whether public
or private, including barangay daycare, preschool, non-formal, technical vocational,
professional level, indigenous learning, and out-of-school youth courses or programs.

Environmental education shall encompass environmental concepts and principles,

environmental laws, the state of the international and local environment, local
environmental best practices, the threats of environmental degradation and its impact on
human well-being, the responsibility of the citizenry to the environment, and the value of
conservation, protection, and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environment in the
context of sustainable development. It shall cover both theoretical and practicum modules
comprising activities, projects, and programs including, but not limited to: tree planting;
waste minimization, segregation, recycling, and composting; freshwater and marine
conservation; forest management and conservation; relevant livelihood opportunities and
economic benefits; and other such programs and undertakings to aid the implementation of
the different environmental protection law.

Administrative Order No. 1993-90

A project management office for SWM has been created and is part of the
Presidential Task Force on Waste Management. According to Administrative Order No.
1993-90, an inter-agency entity, the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management needs
the assistance of a more permanent body or group made up of professionals to help develop
the standards, rules, and criteria for waste management that are required by law. The
framework plan must be updated often and thoroughly to address Metropolitan Manila’s
and other LGUs' increasing waste problems.
 25

DENR Administrative Order 2001-34

According to DENR Administrative Order No. 34, Series of 2001, its Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR) on Republic Act No. 9003 shall be used and applied.

To ease compliance with and accomplish the goals of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000, these rules are established to set forth the processes and
standards for its implementation. The DENR, DTI, LGUs, all other relevant government
agencies, the rights, and responsibilities of 236 stakeholders, and the general public's rights
and obligations concerning the ecological implementation of SWM are outlined in the
content of the IRR. The IRR provides technical standards and guidelines for efficient waste
management systems. It also includes research and studies on solid waste that help make
the system work better. Of which shall be administered by the Secretary or his duly
appointed representative, or through any other department, bureau, office, agency, LGU,
state university, or college, or other instrumentalities of the government, for assistance in
the form of personnel, facilities, or other resources as may be required in the performance
of its functions.

DENR Administrative Order 1998-49

According to DENR Administrative Order No. 49, series of 1998, the obligation
for providing basic services, such as but not limited to general sanitation, hygiene
beautification, and solid waste management, was transferred to LGUs via Republic Act
No. 7160 or the “Philippine Local Government Code (LGUs).” When it comes to the
development and execution of SWM plans, the DENR understands the need to improve its
coordination and collaboration with the LGUs. It is necessary to modify the current
methods of disposing of solid city trash to make them environmentally friendly in
accordance with Presidential Decree Nos. 1152, or the “Philippine Environmental Policy,”
984, or the “Pollution Control Law,” and Administrative Order No. 1993-90.
 26

The DENR hereby adopts and promulgates the following regulations, which shall
be known as "The Technical Guidelines for City Solid Waste Disposal," in light of and
considering the aforementioned presumptions.

With the help of standards and guidelines that could be applied the same way to
LGUs across the nation, it is now the policy of the DENR to directly offer technical
guidance to the LGUs to encourage them to choose solid waste management options that
are good for the environment, technically feasible, and economically sustainable. These
guidelines will apply to the creation of new city solid waste disposal facilities in the
Philippines and a staged plan for renovating and upgrading current dumpsites in a more
hygienic and ecologically friendly way.

Environmental Management Bureau Memorandum Circular 2019-008

According to the Environmental Management Bureau Memorandum Circular No.

008, Series of 2019, the NSWMC adopted the Guidelines Governing the Establishment and
Operation of Waste to Energy Technologies for City Solid Wastes in a resolution known
as NSWMC Resolution No. 669, Series of 2016. All relevant sectors from the provincial
and city levels participated in a series of public hearings on the aforementioned rules at the
regional level.

NSWMC Resolution No. 1363 Series of 2020

NSWMC Resolution No. 1363 Series of 2020, DENR will give clear rules about
the ban on plastic products. This is a part of the government's strategy to stop and reduce
the continuous production of solid waste. It is a major step towards curbing single-use
plastic products that cause pollution of the waters, which results in the killing of marine
life and contributes to the national concern regarding mismanaged waste.
 27

Thus, according to the DENR’s Undersecretary for SWM and LGUs, Benny D.
Antiporda, the decision to only outlaw eight goods was based on a balanced assessment by
the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), which recognized that the
ban may only be enforced on single-use plastics that have available alternatives. Section
29 of Republic Act No. 9003 states that non-environmentally acceptable products shall not
be prohibited unless the NSWMC first finds alternatives available to consumers
at no more than 10% greater cost than the disposable product.

Provincial Ordinance No. 2012-09

After the storms of 2012 caused a lot of damage, the province of Bulacan made it
illegal to use or sell plastic bags in all of its municipalities. Governor Wilhelmino Alvarado
signed Provincial Ordinance No. 2012-09, or "Kautusang Nagbabawal Sa Paggamit Ng
Non-Biodegradable (Di-Nabubulok) Plastic Bags, Styrofoam At Mga Kauri Nito Bilang
Packaging Materials Sa Lalawigan Ng Bulacan At Nagtatakda Ng Kaparusahan Sa
Paglabag Dito," which prohibits the sale and use of non-biodegradable plastic bags,
styrofoam, and other packaging materials.

Under the law, violators will face a five thousand peso (Php 5,000.00) fine and a
year in prison. The SM Supermalls in Baliuag and Marilao have already implemented a
no-plastic policy and completely prohibited non-biodegradable plastic bags in their
shopping malls.
 28

Solid Waste Management Amendments

Republic Act No. 11898: An Act Institutionalizing the Extended Producer Responsibility
on Plastic Packaging Waste, Amending for this Purpose Republic Act No. 9003, otherwise
known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.”

Senator Cynthia Villar, Chairperson of the Environment Committee in the Senate,

and her counterpart in the House of Representatives, Representative Glona Labadlabad,
were instrumental in the passage of the Extended Producer's Responsibility Act of 2022,
which amends Republic Act 9003.

According to a study by the University of Georgia, the Philippines came in third

place among the 192 countries surveyed in terms of the volume of plastic that the
population produces that might harm the environment, behind China and Indonesia.
According to reports, the Philippines reportedly uses nearly 60 billion sachets annually
(SEA Circular, 2020; GAIA, 2019). The Philippines high plastic consumption rate poses
serious challenges to the country's waste management strategies. The growth of the sachet
economy, in which numerous consumer items are imported, packaged, and sold in single-
use containers that are difficult or impossible to recycle, is a substantial contributing factor
to this kind of unregulated disposal of plastics in the Philippines. (Galarpe et al., 2021;
Posadas, 2014). Nearly 60 billion sachets are reportedly used in the Philippines each year,
according to reports (SEA Circular, 2020; GAIA, 2019). Because of this, the citizens of
the Philippines are urging the government to fulfill its duty to prohibit and penalize
environmentally unacceptable packaging. The prohibition of its production, use for
packaging, and distribution, as mandated by Republic Act No. 9003, will greatly benefit
the health of people and wildlife as we deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and climate
change.
 29

The Philippines recognized the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regarding

plastic waste. EPR is an approach to waste reduction that seeks to lodge environmental
responsibility with the producer throughout a product's lifecycle. It mandates targets for
the recovery of plastic waste initially. It requires large enterprises, or those at the micro,
small, and medium enterprise (MSME) levels to set up an EPR program within six months
from the effective date of the act.

Plastic neutrality is the target of these initiatives, which seek to get there by
minimizing the use of plastic packaging that cannot be reused, recycled, or retrieved as
efficiently as possible, as well as by decreasing the amount produced or imported. By 2028,
enterprises are predicted to have achieved 80% neutrality, which increases yearly. It also
mandates the assessment of the volume of other generated wastes for inclusion in the EPR
plan and activates the National Ecology Center established by Republic Act No. 9003.
Furthermore, in accordance with the EPR's aim, to regulate single-use plastic. Baliuag,
Bulacan made it illegal to use or sell plastic bags within its jurisdiction by adopting
Provincial Ordinance No. 2012-09. The SM Supermalls in Baliuag and Marilao currently
enforce a no-plastic policy, with non-biodegradable plastic bags completely prohibited.

Related Local Court Decisions

Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, et al. v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay

(G.R. No. 171947-48)

The Court ruled in this case that the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority’s
(MMDA) duty to put up an adequate and appropriate sanitary landfill for solid waste and
liquid disposal, as well as other alternative garbage disposal systems, is ministerial, its duty
being a statutory imposition.
 30

The MMDA’s duty in this regard is spelled out in Section 3(c) of Republic Act No.
7924, which created the MMDA. This section defines and outlines the range of the
MMDA's waste management services, which include solid waste management, including
the creation and implementation of policies, standards, programs, and projects for the
appropriate and hygienic disposal of waste. It shall likewise include establishing and
operating the sanitary landfill and related facilities and implementing other alternative
programs intended to reduce, reuse, and recycle solid waste.

In addition to the Environment Code (PD 1152) and Republic Act No. 9003, the
MMDA's responsibilities regarding solid waste disposal are specified in its charter. This
duty of setting up a proper waste disposal system cannot be characterized as discretionary.
As was previously stated, discretion implies the authority or privilege granted by law to
public officials to act in good faith. The MMDA is required to abide by Sections 41 and 42
of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, which specify the minimal requirements
for establishing sanitary landfills and the minimal operational standards that each site
operator shall uphold in the operation of a sanitary landfill, respectively.

Complementing Section 41 are Sections 36 and 37 of Republic Act No. 9003, which
enjoin the MMDA and local government units, among others, after the effectivity of the
law on February 15, 2001, from using and operating open dumps for solid waste and
disallowing, five years after such effectivity, the use of controlled dumps. Among the
prohibited acts under Section 48, Chapter VI of Republic Act No. 9003 that are frequently
violated in the case that must be under the effectivity of this act is dumping of waste matters
in public places, such as roads, canals or esteros, open burning of solid waste, squatting in
open dumps and landfills, open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-biodegradable
materials in flood-prone areas, and the establishment or operation of open dumps as
enjoined in said law, and operation of waste management facilities without an
environmental compliance certificate.
 31

Additionally, there are numerous and persistent violations of Section 48 of

Republic Act No. 9003, including littering, dumping trash in streets, canals, esteros, and
other public areas, operating open dumps, burning trash in the open, and similar offenses.
Some sludge companies need proper disposal facilities that discharge sludge into the Metro
Manila sewerage system, which ends up in Manila Bay.

In light of the ongoing environmental degradation, the Court emphasizes that each
executive department and agency must act immediately and fulfill their responsibilities.
Republic Act No. 9003 is a broad law that was enacted to significantly transform and
improve waste management radically. It implements Article II, Section 16 of the 1987
Constitution, which mandates that the state protect and promote the people's right to a
balanced and healthy ecology in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Thus,
in Oposa v. Factoran, the Court ruled that the right to a balanced and healthy ecology need
not even be written in the Constitution, as it is presumed, like other civil and political rights
guaranteed in the Bill of Rights, to have existed since the inception of humankind. It is a
matter of transcendent importance with intergenerational implications. Even if there isn't a
clear-cut legal requirement compelling petitioners to clean up the bay, the plaintiffs and the
attorneys on behalf of them, are still obligated to maintain Manila Bay's waters as clean
and clear as humanly possible for present and future Filipino generations. Anything less
would be a betrayal of the trust reposed in them.

Office Of The Ombudsman v. Mayor Julius Cesar Vergara (G.R. No. 216871)

The Court ruled that Section 37 of Republic Act No. 9003 specifically instructs
local government units, or LGUs, to effect the conversion of their open dumps into
controlled dumps within three (3) years from the enactment of the law.
 32

While the duty is imposed upon the LGU as a unit, the role of the accused as the
head of the local government cannot be downplayed. He exercises general supervision and
control over all programs, projects, services, and activities as chief executive. Likewise, he
has the power to approve or veto ordinances that may be enacted by the Sanggunian and
enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the city's governance.

The accused's crucial duty is not just in the conversion of dumpsites but in the
implementation of Republic Act No. 9003 as a whole, which is further bolstered by the fact
that he is mandated to serve as head of the City’s SWMB, which is tasked which prepare,
submitting and implementing a plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste.
The Court finds that the prosecution failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the
accused should be held criminally liable for the failure of the City Government of
Cabanatuan to convert the open dumpsite into a controlled dumpsite within the three-year
conversion period provided under the law. Corollarily, there is insufficient evidence to
show that the accused either willfully or grossly neglected, abused his authority, or
improperly performed his duty in the conversion of the dump site.

Admittedly, the city government failed to effect the conversion of the open
dumpsite into a controlled one on or before February 15, 2004. However, the circumstances
prevailing at that time, as attested to by the witnesses and as shown by documentary
evidence, negate a finding of flagrant and culpable refusal or unwillingness on the part of
the accused to perform his duty. Neither can it be adduced that the accused abused his
authority or improperly performed his duty in relation to the said conversion. Moreover,
the Court cannot disregard the fact that the conversion of an open dump to a controlled one
is a rigorous process. As stated in Section 39 of Republic Act No. 9003, there are certain
minimum considerations requirements that must be met, thus:

“Section 39. Guidelines for Controlled Dumps. - The following shall be the
minimum considerations for the establishment of controlled dumps: (a) Regular
inert cover;”
 33

In the case of the subject dumpsite in Barangay Valle Cruz, it is admitted that
Cabanatuan City has utilized the same since the 1960s, with the garbage coming from
almost 89' barangays in the city. Over the years, the dumpsite has become a
four-story-high mountain of garbage that has spontaneously burned. Thus, to effect the
conversion of the same into a controlled dump within three years is a serious feat. To the
mind of the Court, the public official involved should not be held criminally liable for
failure to do so without a showing of willful or gross neglect of duty, abuse of authority, or
improper performance of his duty. Even though it was late, the accused, who was in charge
of the city government, was able to change the dumpsite and close it down completely.
While the accused may be faulted for his initial failure to communicate regularly with the
DENR or the NSWMC regarding the city's compliance with the law.
 34

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, the study’s population and sample, the
research instrument, how the data were collected, and how the data were interpreted and
analyzed.

RESEARCH METHOD

To achieve the objectives of this study, the researchers utilized mixed-method

research. A mixed method is a research approach used for the purposeful mixing of methods
in data collection, data analysis, and the interpretation of evidence (Shorten & Smith, 2017).
It is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. This type of research is intended
for a more comprehensive understanding of phenomena, which emphasizes the credibility of
the study by unearthing different viewpoints that can be in contradiction between the
quantitative results and qualitative findings. Using a mixed-method methodology, the
researchers will seek answers to questions and involve the collection of evidence to get a
broader picture of issues, cases, or events (Arora & Stoner, 2009).

Accordingly, the convergent parallel mixed-method research design was used in the
study. In a convergent parallel design, the researchers collected both the qualitative and
quantitative data at the same time and analyzed the two data sets separately. After both analyses
were complete, the researchers merged quantitative results with qualitative findings to draw
overall conclusions (Piano and Creswell, 2015).
 35

Population and Sample of the Study

The researchers employed an expert purposive sampling method to deliberately

select the informants with specialized knowledge on how solid waste management
practices have evolved in the city over time. To properly classify the respondents, the
researchers come up with five selection criterion, which are divided into 3 criterion for the
informants and 2 criterion for the respondents, which are the following:

For the selection of Informants:

(a) an officer-in-charge;

(b) with experience and expertise in the management of solid waste in the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan; and

(c) should have at least five years of experience working in the City Environment and
Natural Resources Office (CENRO) in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan

For the selection of respondents:

(a) a resident of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan for at least one year; and

(b) those who are fifteen years of age and above. Provided, that all minors should
secure a waiver for consent.

The research population was then limited to five key figures, namely (1) the City
of Baliuag, Bulacan’s Local Chief Executive; (2) the City Environment and Natural
Resources Office’s (CENRO) Department Head of Baliuag; (3) Information Education
Communication Team of CENRO-Baliuag; (4) Monitoring Team of CENRO-Baliuag; and
lastly (5) Manila Bay Clean up, Rehabilitation, Preservation Project Team of CENRO-
Baliuag. These individuals were carefully selected for their extensive knowledge and
expertise in the field of solid waste management practices within the city. Additionally, the
researchers utilized the same sampling approach to select 50 respondents, which
represented the public's awareness and participation in the study.

This approach was used based on the researchers' objective of gaining in-depth
insights into the changes that have occurred in the city's solid waste management
practices over time (Baraceros, 2016).
NO. OF CATEGORY
INFORMANTS
1 Local Chief Executive
1 Department Head of the City
Environment and Natural
Resources Office (CENRO) -
Baliuag
3 Information Education
Communication Team of
CENRO - Baliuag
1 Monitoring Team of CENRO
- Baliuag
1 Manila Bay Clean up,
Rehabilitation, Preservation
Project Team of CENRO -
Baliuag
TOTAL: 7 INFORMANTS
36
CRITERIA
a. an officer-in-charge;
b. with experience and
expertise in the
management of solid
waste in the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan; and
c. should have at least
five years of experience
working in the City
Environment and
Natural Resources
Office (CENRO) in the
City of Baliuag,
Bualcan.
 37

NO. OF CATEGORY CRITERIA

RESPONDENTS

50 Survey a) a resident of the City of

Participants Baliuag, Bulacan for at
least one year; and
b) must be fifteen years of
age and above.

TOTAL: 50 Respondents

Table 1. BREAKDOWN OF PARTICIPANTS

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers conducted an in-depth interview with semi-structured

questionnaires with the City of Baliuag, Bulacan’s (1) Local Chief Executive; (2) the City
Environment and Natural Resources Office’s (CENRO) Department Head of Baliuag; (3)
Information Education Communication Team of CENRO-Baliuag; (4) Monitoring Team
of CENRO-Baliuag; and (5) Manila Bay Clean up, Rehabilitation, Preservation Project
Team of CENRO-Baliuag, which is designed to provide information with regards to the
said city’s policy implementation and evolutionary practices of one of the country's
top-performing towns in the province of Bulacan with regard to its implementation and
enforcement of Republic Act No. 9003. Additionally, the researchers also conducted a
survey with standardized questionnaires to 50 people in accordance with the
abovementioned criteria provided to supplement the data gathered in the interview.

The researchers ensured that all information gathered would only be used for the
sole purpose of the study and would be treated confidentially. Following the necessary
information and data collection, the researchers transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted the
obtained data and categorized it according to the researchers’ proposed themes.
 38

Research Instrument

To gather the information needed, the researchers conducted both an in-depth

interview with semi-structured questionnaires and a survey with standardized
questionnaires that was constructed by the researchers, patterned after existing studies and
tailored to procedures and policies relevant to managing solid waste practices pursuant to
Republic Act No. 9003, to further present the findings as an outgrowth of this study. The
data gathering method is engaged in two ways:

(1) In conducting the interview, the instruments that were utilized included a pre-
written list of questions as well as a sound recorder to ensure that the responses
provided by the informants were accurately documented.

(2) The researchers conducted a survey weighted by the statistical method to support
the review of the policy implementation and to measure public awareness,
participation, and opinion upon solid waste management pursuant to Republic Act
No. 9003 among the constituents of Baliuag, Bulacan.

A statistical method was applied to assess the level of awareness and participation
of the constituents of Baliuag, Bulacan, in the aforementioned law.

The following rating scale was used:

(1) In determining the level of public awareness on solid waste management:

SCALE RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

5 4.5-5.00 Extremely Aware

4 3.5-4.49 Moderately Aware

3 2.5-3.49 Somewhat Aware

2 1.5-2.49 Slightly Aware

1 1.0-1.49 Not all aware

Table 2. RATING SCALE OF THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC AWARENESS ON SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT
 39

(2) In interpreting the level of public participation on solid waste management:

SCALE RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

5 4.5-5.00 Extremely Active

4 3.5-4.49 Very Active

3 2.5-3.49 Moderately Active

2 1.5-2.49 Lightly Active

1 1.0-1.49 Sedentary

Table 3. RATING SCALE OF THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT

(3) In Interpreting the public opinion on solid waste management:

SCALE RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

5 4.5-5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.5-4.49 Agree

3 2.5-3.49 Slightly agree

2 1.5-2.49 Disagree

1 1.0-1.49 Strongly disagree

Table 4. RATING SCALE OF PUBLIC OPINION ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

ACT

All questions that were used in the conduct of the interview and survey were
presented to and validated by Ms. Jasmine C. Gatan. The data gathered were tallied and
recorded for statistical treatment, analysis, and interpretation. The tools used in the analysis
of data were adopted from the Weighted Mean Formula.
 40

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

To interpret the data gathered from the survey, the researchers engaged the
following statistical treatment: The weighted mean will be the tool to be used in
interpreting the data.

where:

X = Mean
Σx = Sum of All Responses
N = Total Number of Respondents

Weighted Mean. This is employed to determine the level of awareness and

participation in Solid Waste Management among the residents of Baliuag, Bulacan.

DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

In analyzing the data gathered from the interview, the study used the method
formulated by Creswell (2015).

Figure 1. THE CONVERGENT PARALLEL DESIGN

 41

The researcher utilized this type of design in order to distinguish qualitative and
quantitative results. Also, to compare and collect the quantitative and qualitative data for
the purpose of analyzing the two separate data. Moreover, convergent parallel design
would assist the researcher to merge the results during the interpretation.

Furthermore, the objective of the abovementioned design to this study is to

completely obtain the cognizance of two different data and also to authenticate the result
in distinction of methods.

The Qualitative Analysis involves four steps:

1. Raw data Management

2. Data Reduction

3. Data Interpretation

4. Data Representation

Raw data management involves the transcription of interview data from the
informants. The transcript data were classified in the data reduction phase to identify all
usable raw data from irrelevant ones. All usable raw data were divided according to the
researchers’ proposed themes in the data interpretation phase to understand the study better.
Finally, the researchers interpreted the themes in the data representation phase to answer
the research questions.

The Quantitative Analysis involves four steps:

1. Data Collection

2. Data Analysis

3. Data Interpretation

4. Data Representation
 42

Data collection involves the process of gathering information in a measured and

systematic way for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of the data. The collected data
were analyzed in accordance with the categorization laid down by the researchers by means
of measuring the data gathered in a statistical manner. Finally, the researchers interpreted
the results of the data representation phase to supplement the data gathered from the
interview.

From the analyses made, the researchers merged the data gathered in order to
compare the results and explain if there are any divergences between the
above-mentioned two analyses. With this regard, the conducted survey may aid in
neutralizing the data gathered from the interview vis-à-vis the overall conclusion of the
study, which is limited to the City of Baliuag, Bulacan’s (1) Local Chief Executive; (2) the
City Environment and Natural Resources Office’s (CENRO) Department Head of Baliuag;
(3) Information Education Communication Team of CENRO-Baliuag; (4) Monitoring
Team of CENRO-Baliuag; and (5) Manila Bay Clean up, Rehabilitation, Preservation
Project Team of CENRO-Baliuag.
 43

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

OVERVIEW

This chapter delves into the specific practices employed by the local government
to ensure successful implementation of the policy. It also looks at the evolution of these
practices over time, in response to the changing needs and circumstances in the city of
Baliuag. Furthermore, this chapter examines the roles of different actors involved in the
policy implementation process, such as local government officials and community
members. It evaluates the extent to which they were able to work together and effectively
contribute to the implementation of the policy.

The chapter starts by providing an overview of the Solid Waste Management Plan
of Baliuag and how it aligns with the provisions of Republic Act No. 9003. It then delved
into the specific practices and initiatives implemented by the local government of Baliuag
to support and complement the provisions of the law. The chapter also examines the role
of community members and other stakeholders in the implementation of the policy.
Furthermore, the chapter evaluates the level of awareness and participation of the
constituents of Baliuag in Solid Waste Management, through surveys for respondents and
interviews with the officers-in-charge.

DATA AND MODEL

The researchers have employed a mixed methods approach in gathering data and
information to provide a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of Republic
Act No. 9003 in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan, as discussed in the preceding chapter.
 44

Qualitative data were collected through interviews and document analysis, allowing
for an in-depth understanding of the challenges and opportunities encountered during the
implementation process of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. On the
other hand, quantitative data were obtained through surveys, offering a broader perspective
on the effectiveness of the policy’s implementation in terms of information dissemination
to the public of Baliuag. The combination of both methods provides a well-rounded
understanding of the implementation of the aforementioned law in Baliuag.

In this process, the questions used in the interview and the survey are categorized
to better understand the various aspects of the solid waste management system in Baliuag,
including its history, governance, implementation, and current status. The researchers also
have identified the informants of their study, denoted by the letter P, which stands for
“Person”, then followed by a number from 1-7. The informants numbered as P1 to P7 are
the following:

a. P1- City Mayor Ferdinand Estrella

b. P2- CENRO’ Department Head Mr. Edgar Luna

c. P3- Mr. Kristian Gonzales of Manila Bay Clean up, Rehabilitation, Preservation
Project Team of CENRO Baliuag

d. P4- Mr. Kenneth Merano of Information Education Communication Team of

CENRO Baliuag

e. P5- Mr. Ronald Cruz of Information Education Communication Team of CENRO

Baliuag

f. P6- Mr. Alvin Fernandez of Monitoring Team of CENRO

g. P7- Ms. Hazel Bautista of Information Education Communication Team of

CENRO Baliuag
 45

By organizing the questions into categories, we can gain a more structured and
comprehensive view of the current situation. Each question is designed to provide insight
into the different aspects of solid waste management in Baliuag, such as the effectiveness
of the implemented policies, the challenges in the implementation process, and the level
of community involvement in the program.

RESULTS

I. Pre-RA 9003 SWM Practices in Baliuag and its Historical Progression

1. Bago nagkaroon ng R.A. 9003, ano po ang lagay ng solid waste management ng
Baliuag? Sino ang mga namahala noon at paano ang paraan ng kanilang
pagma-manage?

P2: “...ang tanging office noon, ay sa garbage collector and street sweeper, and
sila ang namamahala that time. So, ang basura noon ay mag mula sa bahay– ay
dadalhin sa sanitary landfill dahil ‘yon ang nakalagay sa batas. That time,
mayroon ng recovery facility ang Baliuag na proyekto ni Romeo Estrella, so, ‘yon
ang naging processing area. So, that time, collection and after collection ay
dadalhin sa dump site na accredited ng DENR..”

P2:“..ang pamamahala nila – kokolektahin sa bahay at dadalhin sa accredited

landfill. Wala pa nung mga about segregation. Hindi pa ganoon ka-strict
implementation..”

P4: “..noong hindi pa naisasabatas ang R.A. 9003 ang namamahala po ay ang
sanitation office..”

P7: “.. normal na koleksiyon ang ginagawa ng solid waste management bago pa
man magkaron ng batas patungkol sa R.A. 9003..”
 46

It was highlighted by the Environmental Management Specialist of CENRO

Baliuag, Mr. Edgar Luna, that prior to the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003, the
implementation of solid waste management was ineffective in spite of having dedicated
offices such as Sanitation, Garbage Collector and Street Sweeper due to the fact that these
kinds of departments are not having comprehensive and systematic approach to account
for things like collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste in Baliuag,
Bulacan, and that the solid waste management practices in Baliuag before the mentioned
law’s existence were not yet fully developed. In addition, Mayor Estrella also mentioned
that the concept of waste segregation was not yet strictly enforced; however, there were
already initiatives, such as the recovery facility project, by the then mayor, Romeo Estrella,
to address waste management concerns.

2. Nung sinabi niyo po na dati na wala pang mga batas, anu-ano yung mga ordinances
na mismong nagawa niyo about handling solid waste before yung existence nung
RA 9003?

P4: “..bago pa magkarooon ng batas na Ecological Solid Waste Management Act,

mayroon tayo dati nang project na “Tapat Ko, Linis Ko”. Tungkol naman po sa
status ng Solid Waste Management dati ay mayroon pong naghahakot ng basura
noong wala pa pong R.A. No. 9003..”

P3: “..Mayroon po kasing ordinansa ang Baliuag na nakapaloob sa 1995, dito

nakasaad yung Solid Waste Management o yung 3R ay nakapaloob din dito..”

P3:“..bago pa dumating si R.A. No. 9003, may ordinansa na kami na Kautusang

Bayan na bawal mag tapon ang sino mang tao ng basura sa mga kanal o sa harap
ng bahay. Nakapaloob din dito ang segregation natin o ang paghihiwalay ng mga
basura..”

In the materiality of the ordinances, it was clarified that the absence of the national
legislation mentioned earlier does not imply the absence of ordinances or regulations
concerning solid waste management prior to the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003.
 47

In fact, the head of CENRO-Baliuag, Mr. Edgar Luna, narrated that the City of
Baliuag had already implemented an ordinance in 1997, which was accompanied by the
slogan “Tapat ko, Linis ko,” which roughly translates to “I am responsible for keeping my
surroundings clean”. This ordinance was soon amended by the Solid Waste Management
Ordinance by 2005 in conformity with the national standards set forth by the said law,
which provided a more comprehensive framework for ecological solid waste management
that aimed to provide more detailed guidelines and regulations for the proper handling,
collection, and disposal of solid waste within the municipality.

3. Kailan po nagsimula ang unti-unting pagiging sibilisado ng Baliuag pagdating

dito?

P2: “..sa 10 year plan kasi 2015, 2018 na-approved..”

P2: “..2018, ayan, unti-unti na naming nakikita na acceptable na ng tao..”

P2: “..since 2018, top performer yung Baliuag, ibig sabihin pinapasa namin yung
lahat ng qualification. Yun nga lang, 'di naman perfect sa ibang category pero kami
yung pinaka highest, so, 2020, nag second lang kami sa Nationals, pero regional,
puro kami ang nag-top. Parang 5 years na kami. Yung isa namin, dapat ano na
kami, hall of famer, (kaso) may isang lang kaming national na 2nd (placer) lang
kami. Natalo kami ng Calayaan, Laguna..”

P3: “..noong 2015 mahigpit na ang implementation ng R.A 9003. So, siya (P2)
yung chair dati na nagi-IEC (Information Education Communication) sa mga
schools and establishments, siya rin yung nag iinspect sa mga establishments
namin at mga schools..”

P5: “..noong nagkaroon ng batas na R.A. 9003, ito yung waste segregation. Hindi
na ganun karami ang itinatapon namin sa landfill..”

As the head of the City Environment and Natural Resources office, Mr. Luna is one
of the people responsible for executing and framing the laws and policies when it comes
to environmental response and protection.
 48

The transformation of solid waste management occurred following the passage of

R.A 9003, particularly in 2015, when strict enforcement of the law was observed but it was
mentioned that when the 10-year Solid Waste Management (SWM) plan was approved, it
played a crucial role in Baliuag's development. According to the informant, in 2018, they
started to notice that people had accepted this change. It is evident that Baliuag has
undergone a significant transformation in terms of solid waste management practices. The
approval of a 10-year plan and subsequent recognition as a top performer in the regional
competition demonstrate the local government's commitment to sustainable waste
management practices. The result of the national competition in 2020 shows that there is
still room for improvement, but Baliuag's strong performance suggests that they are on the
right track.

II. Effects and Challenges encountered in Implementing RA 9003 on SWM in Baliuag

1. Noong nagkaroon po ng batas tungkol sa Solid Waste Management, mayroon po

bang naging mga pagbabago sa Solid Waste Management ng Baliuag?

P2: “yung batas maganda siya actually kung i-implement ng lahat. Very
comprehensive, yung aim ng batas ay talagang zero-waste. So, pinatupad namin
that time noong 2016 up to now. Accepted naman ng mga tao pero kailangan yung
tamang approach. So, yung implementation namin that time ay step-by-step lang at
hindi yung buong Baliuag ay kailangan segregated na. During that time, mayroon
lang pilot barangay muna, pilot street na kailangan mag invest sa environmental
education kasi kailangan ipakilala naming ang R.A. 9003, anu-ano ba ang
nakasaad sa batas na iyon at paano naming ipapa-implement sa lipunan..”
P1: “..Nung nagkaroon na nung batas naging mahigpit na ang DENR sa pag-
iimplement. Kaya ang nangyari, yung mga tao, talagang nagtatapon na sa landfill
yung mga local government units..“
 49

P3: “..sa una kasi hindi talaga makikita ang progress lalo na ang pinag-uusapan
natin dito ay solid waste o yung mga garbage po natin o yung mga waste po natin.
So, sa una po muna ay research and development. Then sa other year, yung pag
implement na po nung program o kung paano na-develop o kung paano pa po
made-develop ang mga program po natin o paano mababawasan ang mga basura.
So, may mga programs and plans tayo doon. Sa umpisa po talaga mahirap dahil
hindi naman lahat ay makikinig sa pagpapatuloy poo ng IEC at pag punta po natin
sa barangay ay nagiging successful na po. Di man po fully successful pero makikita
po natin ang pagbabago dati sa ngayon. Kumbaga kung ano po ang meron dati ay
mas Maganda na po siya ngayon..”

The implementation of Republic Act no. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000 has brought changes to the solid waste management practices
of Baliuag. According to the responses of P1, P2, and P3, there were efforts to comply with
the law, such as pilot barangays and streets, investment in environmental education,
research and development, and program implementation. However, the success of the
implementation varied. P1 mentioned that the DENR became stricter in implementing the
law, which resulted in local government units complying with waste disposal regulations.

On the other hand, P2 emphasized that the proper approach to implementation is

crucial to gain acceptance from the people. To be specific, pilot barangays and streets were
identified as a starting point to educate the populace about the provisions of the SWM law
and the ways in which it could be implemented in the city. Mr. Luna acknowledges the
crucial role of a proper introduction and implementation of the law in gaining public
acceptance and promoting sustainable waste management practices. Thus, it was necessary
to invest in environmental education to introduce the law and its provisions and how it can
be implemented in the community. Meanwhile, P3 noted that progress may not be evident
at first, but research and development, together with program implementation, helped
reduce waste over time.
 50

The approach involved conducting information, education, and communication

(IEC) campaigns and visiting barangays to increase awareness and gain support from the
community. Although not fully successful, the changes in the waste management practices
of Baliuag are noticeable. It is worth noting that the local government's approach towards
the implementation of the law has been gradual and has focused on environmental
education.

From the given information, it is clear that the implementation of R.A. No. 9003 is
not easy. It requires a collaborative effort from the government, private sector, and the
community to ensure its success. Education, awareness, and proper waste management
practices are crucial to achieving the law's goal of zero-waste. While there may be
challenges in the implementation, the efforts and progress in Baliuag serve as an inspiration
to other communities to adopt sustainable waste management practices. It is therefore
pertinent to state that the current phase of implementation has not resulted in significant
changes yet in the management of solid waste.

2. Noong mga panahong iyon, anu-anong pagsubok po ang pinagdaanan ng Baliuag

pagdating sa implementasyon ng batas?

P2: “..Unang challenge samin, ayaw nilang (mga tao) umattend ng environmental
education.”

P2: “..sa household, ang naging problema namin, hindi sila, hindi nila accept yung
ganoong segregation, hindi din gaano kataas yung awareness nila about 9003.”

P2: “..Sabi nila kasi nung nagdidiscuss, nalilito sa recyclable at sa di nabubulok..”

P5:“..sa CENRO ngayon, noong una talaga ay hirap kami. In 27 barangay,

bababaan namin yan. Sa isang barangay ay madaming population, kung paano ba
naming sial makakausap isa-isa. Paano naming i-implement ang Republic Act No.
9003, kumbaga nagsisimula kami sa zero...”
 51

P2: “..Sa barangay, may barangay ecological solid waste management board na
nakakalimutan during that time kasi and priority ng barangay at that time,
nutrition, ah disaster, peace and order, so unti-unti naming ipinakilala na
mahalaga din to. Na board na ‘to. So kinakailangan mayroon silang mga list
project na iimplement sa barangay. So mayroon na, nagawa na namin iyun. Pero
hindi ganun kadali dahil yung mga barangay nasanay na ito yung pondo para sa
SK, to yung pondo para sa rescue, ito yung pondo para sa.. (iba)..”

P2: “..Saka limited lang yung pondo..”

P1: “..hindi pa naman ako yung mayor nung time nayon pero ngayon talagang ang
nagiging malaking budget ng munisipyo or city is yung pagtatapon ng basura sa
mga landfill dahil una mababayad ka so yun yung malaking chunk ng budget dun
napupunta sa pagtapon ng basura..”

P2: “..Ayon sa batas, ang tanging role ng munisipyo ay kolektahan ang receivable
at toxic solid waste. Ang role naman ng barangay is collection ng nabubulok,
segregated, recyclable at other waste. Role nila yon. So ang naging problema
samin that time, kami lahat humahakot..”

The answers provided by the interviewees highlight various challenges and

obstacles that the City of Baliuag encountered during the implementation of the Solid
Waste Management law.

The first challenge mentioned by P2 was the lack of interest of people in attending
environmental education. This suggests that there was a need for better public awareness
and education campaigns to promote the importance of proper waste segregation and
management. Another challenge mentioned by P2 was the difficulty in getting households
to accept and implement segregation practices, as well as the low level of awareness about
the provisions of the law.

The lack of awareness and understanding of the law among the public was also
reflected in the statement of P5. The CENRO had to start from scratch in implementing the
law and had to find ways to communicate with residents in each barangay to explain the
importance of solid waste management. This challenge highlights the need for effective
communication strategies and engagement with residents in implementing environmental
policies.
 52

Another challenge highlighted in the answers was the limited budget of the city. P1
mentioned that a significant portion of the municipal budget was allocated to waste
disposal, and P2 noted that the limited budget hampered the implementation of the Solid
Waste Management law. This suggests that local government units need to allocate more
resources to solid waste management to effectively implement the law and avoid resulting
in inconsistencies and insolvency in executing their projects.

Finally, P2 mentioned the problem of overlapping roles and responsibilities

between the municipality and the barangays in implementing the law. As stated under
Section 10 of the SWM Act, the segregation and collection of solid waste shall be
conducted at the barangay level specifically for biodegradable, compostable, and reusable
wastes: As provided, the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be
the responsibility of the municipality or city. However, during that time, because of the lack
of understanding between both the implementers and the residents, the local government
had to take on the burden of collecting all types of waste, which was not their sole
responsibility. As a result, it consumes a lot of time for the LGU itself and has a
disorganized way of disposing of waste. This highlights the need for better coordination
and cooperation between different levels of government to ensure effective implementation
of environmental policies.

Overall, the answers provided by the interviewees reveal the various challenges and
obstacles that the City of Baliuag encountered in implementing the Solid Waste
Management law. These challenges underscore the need for better public awareness and
education campaigns, effective communication strategies, more resources, and better
coordination between different levels of government to effectively implement
environmental policies.
 53

3. Sa pagkakataon na nagkakaroon ng panibagong grupo ng awtoridad na nakaatas sa

mga alintuntunin ng pagiging miyembro ng LGU ng Baliuag, ano-ano po sa tingin
niyo ang mga naging implikasyon pagdating sa pamamahala ng mga batas, lalo na
sa Solid Waste Management?

P2: “..syempre pag may bago, hindi nila na itutuloy yung nasimulan, kaya
halimbawa 'pag problem ng LGU, halimbawa komo't hindi priority, hindi required
na magkaroon ng environmental office, syempre kung sino yung nakaupong Mayor
or leader, may ia-appoint siyang tao, ngayon 'pag nawala na, tapos na yung term
nya. So yun yung naging problem. Na dapat may continuing program yung bawat
LGU na at may isang mga taong tutulong talaga..”

P1:“..walang magagawa kasi ikaw naman yung idedemanda, yung executive chief
yung idedemanda nung DENR. So walang choice kundi i-implement talaga yung
batas..”

P4:“..Actually ganito kasi yan. 2016 nacreate lang talaga yung MENRO. Past
administration wala pang MENRO noon. So nung pumalit na yung mayor namin
ngayon, doon lang nagkaroon ng MENRO. Tapos meron plano si Sir Edgar noon
about sa solid waste na ngayon ay tinutuloy na namin. So it means kahit saan
naman po wala talagang menro. Actually yung bustos wala ring menro. Kumbaga
2016. Kumbaga itutuloy lang sya tas dinadagdagan lang namin kung ano ang mas
mapapadali..”

Based on the given answers, it can be inferred that the implementation of solid
waste management laws in Baliuag is heavily dependent on the commitment and continuity
of the local government units (LGUs) and their respective leaders. Since there’s a
distinctive approach to governance that each administration or each mayor is administering
on their terms, the projects to exercise the Act might be varied and have the tendency to get
stuck and not be continued.

For instance, the creation of new authorities or groups to oversee the

implementation of these laws may lead to discontinuity in programs, as the new leaders
may not prioritize or continue the initiatives started by their predecessors. Consequently,
there are large lapses when it comes to the continuation of the initiatives that have already
started but never had the opportunity to be supplemented for them to be completed.
 54

This lack of continuity may result in insufficient resources and personnel to

effectively manage solid waste in the area. Thus, it emphasizes the need for continuity in
waste management programs, and the importance of having dedicated individuals who will
ensure the sustainability of these programs despite changes in leadership. This can be tied
to the importance of having a long-term plan and designated personnel to oversee waste
management initiatives.

Furthermore, the absence of a dedicated City Environment and Natural Resources

Officer (CENRO) in some LGUs may also contribute to the challenges in solid waste
management. The presence of such office would provide a point person for the
implementation of the solid waste management program and ensure continuity in the
implementation of the program. In addition, the implementation of solid waste
management laws may also be influenced by external factors, such as the involvement of
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in enforcing the laws. The
fear of being sued by the DENR for non-compliance with the laws may motivate LGUs to
strictly implement the solid waste management program. Overall, the effective
implementation of solid waste management laws in Baliuag requires a continuous and
committed effort from the LGUs and their leaders, the presence of dedicated personnel,
and external support from agencies such as the DENR.

4. Itinuloy niyo po ba ang mga naging programa ng mga nagdaang alkalde na ito o
kayo ay nagsagawa ng panibagong plano upang mas mapa-igting ang R.A. 9003?

P2: “..Ah, yung tinuloy lang namin yung paghahakot dahil nadatnan na namin
yung mga tao. Pero wala kasing program dati dahil walang office so kami yung
nagsimula talaga, naging continuous strategy na lalang..”

P4:“..Si Sir Edgar palang po kasi yung MENRO noon hindi pa nagagawa talaga
yung solid waste management natin, so 2016 nagpalit ng Mayor saka po kami
napasok. Tapos po kung ano yung nakalagay sa 10-year plan ng MENRO, ‘yon po
ngayon yung ginagawa namin. Tinutuloy po namin..”
 55

From these statements, it appears that there was no clear and established program
for solid waste management in Baliuag before the current local government took over.
According to P2 and P4, there was no office or program dedicated to solid waste
management prior to the current administration. P4 even mentioned that it was only in 2016
when the MENRO office was established, and they are now following the 10-year plan set
by the office.

However, both P2 and P4 stated that they are continuing and even improving the
solid waste management program of the LGU. P2 mentioned that they started with the
hauling of waste and made it a continuous strategy, while P4 stated that they are following
the MENRO's 10-year plan. This suggests that the current administration is taking steps to
improve the implementation of R.A. 9003 in the LGU.

Overall, it can be inferred that the current administration is making efforts to

address the solid waste management issues in the LGU, but it may have been hindered by
the lack of proper implementation in the past. The response suggests that the current local
government recognized the importance of having a continuous program for solid waste
management and took the initiative to create its strategy. Mayor Ferdie Estrella affirmed
that they are still obeying the provisions of the SWM Act by making new laws and still
reforming some old practices in their locality, regardless if some projects are being
continued or not and regardless of to whom or which administration these projects belong.

5. May mga probisyon ba ito na mahirap isagawa noong mga oras na iyon?

P2: “..yung no open dumpsite kasi marami sa area kasi pag sinabi kasing open
dump, kapag lumagpas ng 24 hours yung basura, considered as open dump site na
yun. So, during that time, siyempre naabutan lang namin at walang nagpo-
police dati, so madami kaming naabutan na ganoong area..”
 56

P2: “..Ang mahirap sa R.A. No. 9003 is yung pagfi-file ng case… Nag-file kami ng
case, sa unang taon talo kami dahil kulang kami sa evidence, sa mga picture, may
nag testify na eco-police so talo pa rin kami. Nakakalungkot syempre dahil
napahiya kami sa hinuli naming dahil kahit nag kalat siya, hinuli naming pero talo
kami. Mas malaki pa yung ginagastos naming sa pagpunta sa RTC. Ang
kinakailangan sa R.A. No. 9003 ay taasan yung penalty sa saka period, kung
habang buhay ba siya makukulong. Yun yung parang naging challenge naming sa
pag implement ng 9003. Yung open dump site, yung segregation, saka yung pagfi-
file ng case na masyadong mababa, kailangan i-amend yung batas..”
P2: “..mas malaki pa yung ginagastos naming sa pagpunta sa RTC. So, nakapag
bail and nakalabas so ang kinakailangan sa R.A. No. 9003 ay taasan yung penalty
sa saka period, kung habang buhay ba siya makukulong, 10 years, parang ganoon.
So, ang ginagawa naming para hindi na kami maabala ulit, mas okay siguro yung
pag ticket na ginagawa namin which is kikita pa yung Local Government. Pero
ngayon, minimal na lang yung nagkakalat kasi may nasa-sample-an na. So,
ang mga nagkakalat na lang ay yung mga dayo. Yun yung parang naging challenge
naming sa pag implement ng 9003. Yung open dump site, yung segregation, saka
yung pagfi-file ng case na masyadong mababa, kailangan i-amend yung batas.
Biruin mo 8,000, kaya natin ipangutang para makalaya pero nakulong yung nahuli,
yun nga lang ang tagal ng proseso..”
P1:“..Sa totoo lang, nalulungkot lang ako kapag nakikita ko ngayong yung RA
9003 ay parang isang malaking hanapbuhay. Totoo yon, kasi bakit? Ehh… ang
nangyayari, lahat ng mga local officials o lahat ng local chief executive ay dyan
lahat napupunta ang pondo dahil unang-una bawal ang mga incinerator, bawal
yung nagsusunog, diba? Pwede naman sigurong gumawa o umisip ng ibang
pamamaraan na kasama rin don sa 9003 or i-amend yung 9003 kasi ang
nangyayari yung pondong imbis na itutulong namin sa mga tao, sa mga mahihirap
ay napupunta pa dyan sa pag-implement ng batas na yan..”

As answered by the informants, it can be observed that there were certain

provisions of R.A. 9003 that were difficult to implement during the time the interviewees
were referring to. One of which is the provision on open dumpsites, wherein the 24-hour
rule is difficult to enforce. It means that if the garbage remains in the area beyond 24 hours,
it is considered an open dumpsite, which is prohibited by law. However, the lack of
monitoring and policing during that time allowed for many open dumpsites to exist in the
area.
 57

Another challenging provision is the filing of cases against violators of the law. It
requires evidence and testimony, which can be challenging to gather. During the interview,
the informant reported that in the initial year of implementing the aforementioned law, their
first attempt to prosecute a violator ended in failure due to insufficient evidence and
documentation in their first year of attempting to file a case against a violator. Additionally,
the respondent expressed concern that even when they win cases against offenders, the
law's required bail amount of only 8,000 pesos is relatively affordable, creating a sense of
impunity that emboldens them to continue violating the law, knowing that the penalty is
weak. The information also brings to light the financial burden of implementing the law
when the interviewee noted that the costs associated with legal processes and the
construction of facilities for waste segregation and treatment are often a barrier to effective
implementation. This is particularly true in cases where local officials lack the resources
and expertise to implement the law effectively. The interviewee suggested amending the
law to allow for more innovative and cost-effective ways to manage solid waste, such as
the use of incinerators or other technologies that are currently not allowed by the law.

Furthermore, one of the interviewees expressed his disappointment that R.A. 9003
seemed to have become a source of livelihood for local officials, with funds being allocated
solely for the implementation of the law rather than helping the poor. This suggests that
there may be some issues with the allocation of resources and priorities in implementing
the law. The interviewee then suggests that there is a need to amend the law or find
alternative ways to manage waste effectively without putting a strain on the local
government's resources.

Thus, it can be derived from the answers that while there were challenges in
implementing R.A. 9003 during the time the interviewees were referring to, there were also
suggestions for ways to improve the law's effectiveness. It is important to continue to
evaluate and address these challenges to ensure that the law achieves its intended goals and
improvements to make it more effective and sustainable.
 58

6. Ano sa tingin ninyo ang mga naging pagkukulang ng mga nakaatas sa

implementasyon upang maging epektibo ang batas na ito sa inyong bayan?

P2:“..sa experience namin ang kulang sa amin syempre gusto namin i-implement
yung total segregation kaso nagkukulang kami sa garbage truck. Mas Madali kasi
i-implement kapag 1 truck per barangay. So, base sa mga binigyan namin ng truck,
madali nila nai-implement kasi solo nila. Yung iba naming barangay kasi 1 is to 3
or 1 is to 2. Halimbawa, 1 truck sa dalawang o tatlong barangay. Kapag napuno
na sa isang barangay, hindi na mahahakutan yung pangalawa..”

One of the shortcomings of the implementation of the SWM law in Baliuag, is the
inadequate provision of resources, specifically garbage trucks. Speaking from his
experience as one of the officials that implements R.A 9003, Mr. Luna mentioned that the
gaps that are lacking in their implementation of this law are the lack of financial support to
produce resources. Even though they have the intent to utilize the law to its fullest extent,
they cannot do so because the equipment that they need, such a dump or a garbage truck,
to dispose of and carry the waste they need to segregate, is not in their budget, resulting in
improper scheduling and handling of waste disposal in each barangays.

According to Mr. Luna, the lack of garbage trucks made it difficult for them to
implement total segregation effectively, as it would have been more manageable if there
was one truck per barangay. The barangays that were given trucks had an easier time
implementing waste segregation because they had control over the truck, while others that
had to share one truck among several barangays faced challenges. As a result, when the
truck was already full from one barangay, it was not possible to collect waste from the other
barangays. This lack of resources resulted in a failure to implement waste segregation
effectively and highlighted the need for sufficient resources to ensure successful
implementation of the said Act.
 59

This statement reflects the need for adequate funding and resources to effectively
implement environmental laws in Baliuag. It emphasizes that the successful
implementation of environmental laws requires not only the passage of the law but also
sufficient resources, such as trucks, personnel, and equipment, to carry out the necessary
tasks effectively.

III. Current SWM Status in Baliuag

1. Ngayon na kayo na po ang mga taong responsable pagdating sa pamamahala, ano-

ano ang mga kasalukuyang ipinatutupad niyo sa mga mamamayan upang mas
makapagbigay ng tulong para makamit ang kalinisan ng inyong bayan?

P1: “..so, yung segregation sinasabi namin, minsan sinasabi naming kapag hindi
segregated hindi kukunin. No Segregation, No Collection Policy, meron din kami
non at yun nga yung MRF naming talagang pinapalakas namin..”

P2: “..sa barangay, ginawa namin, nagkaroon kami ng green governance seminar.
So, pinapupunta namin lahat dito yung barangay para ma-tackle ano ba yung role
ng barangay, ng munisipyo at ng mga household..”

P2: “..nagkaroon kami ng environmental education team, na ang trabaho lang is

mag-ikot, magturo, ipakilala yung sa batas..”

P2: “..nagpapagawa kami ng mascot, para siya yung mukha (modelo) ng office
namin. So, para si CENRO (yung mascot), siya ngayon yung parang ambassador
namin….halimbawa may clean-up drive siya yung makikita. May talk siya,
makikita at para tumatak sa isip natin. Diba, tumatak sa inyo si Jollibee nung bata?
Siya rin ganon yung target namin, para illevel up namin ngayon lahat ng
program..”
 60

P3: “..sa staffing pattern, nandito na po yung different division po natin. Mahirap
po kasi na mag implement na iilan lang po kami kaya nagkaroon po ng sariling
team at sariling division. Sa mga division po na to ay mayroon po kaming IEC
Division, sila po yung nag-iimplement at nagdi-discuss po regarding R.A. 9003 o
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. Mayroon din po kaming monitoring,
mayroon din po kaming Eco-Police. Si Eco-Police po, sila po yung nag-
iimplement ng mga batas po natin local and national na batas po natin. Mayroon
din po kaming namamahala sa Green Governance Division. Sila naman po ang
nagpapaganda sa bayan po namin. So, bakit ko po inere-relate ito? Dahil nga po
sa ordinansa ng R.A. 9003 so kailangan po talaga ay strict implementation po
dito..”
P4: “..nagkaroon po tayo ngayon ng mga tree planting projects na nilalahukan
naman po ng iba't ibang sectors. May mga private sector small programs. Then
nagkaroon din po tayo na ngayon ng environmental awareness, seminar na pwede
irequest ng school, or kami yung magrerequest na pupunta kami sa kanila..”
P5: “..every barangay magkakaroon sila ng sarili sarili nilang MRF. Hindi lang
barangay, andjan din yung school. Lahat ng homeowners yung mga subdivision
village kailangan meron din silang sarili sariling MRF. Sa school din meron din
dapat silang MRF facility kung saan nila ilalagak yung mga produkto na hindi na
nabubulol o nasisira at hindi napapakinabangan..”

The informants gave a detailed overview of Baliuag's current SWM initiatives,

which include different programs and incentives to get people to help protect the
environment. It shows the town's commitment to promoting environmental consciousness
among its citizens and highlights the importance of community involvement in promoting
responsible waste management practices. By recognizing and rewarding individuals and
groups for their contributions to environmental conservation, Baliuag's SWM initiatives
foster healthy competition and encourage more people to participate.

Informants P1 and P5 mentioned the implementation of the No Segregation, No

Collection Policy and the establishment of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in every
barangay, school, and subdivision village. These policies and facilities aim to encourage
waste segregation and proper disposal to minimize the volume of garbage and promote
recycling.
 61

Informant P2 discussed the conduct of Green Governance seminars and the creation
of an environmental education team, both aimed at raising awareness about environmental
issues and the roles of individuals, barangays, and municipalities in addressing them.
Moreover, the creation of a mascot for the office (CENRO) is an innovative way to promote
environmental campaigns and make them more relatable to the public.

Informant P3 talked about the importance of having a well-structured team with

different divisions that focus on specific tasks, such as IEC, monitoring, Eco-Police, and
Green Governance. These divisions work together to ensure the strict implementation of
the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and other environmental laws.

Finally, Informant P4 mentioned the conduct of tree planting projects and

environmental awareness seminars in schools, both of which promote environmental
stewardship and encourage individuals to take an active role in protecting the environment.

As to the other informants that the researchers interviewed, those participants had
the same answer to some questions on how the others responded to the semi constructed
questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Such as, the existing practices that Baliuag City
initiated. Nonetheless, some answers from other informants are diverse to the answer of
Mr. Edgar Luna. Such as, the staffing pattern which the CENRO itself creates a division in
furtherance of solid waste management. Hence, in that matter there will be an assigned
group to control to achieve organized patterns concerning SMW. In other words, they create
committees who could handle the following: (1) Information Education Campaign group
division; (2) Land Management Division and; (3) Monitoring Group or the Eco-Police.
These divisions are led by the CENRO in pursuant of the standardized procedure regarding
solid waste management. In spite of that, it supplements the answers of the said participant
to the answer of the CENRO Head.
 62

Overall, the informants' responses highlight the importance of a multi-faceted

approach to promoting cleanliness and environmental sustainability. Their initiatives aim
not only to address the issue of waste management but also to raise awareness and
encourage active participation from individuals and communities. It is crucial to continue
these efforts to ensure a cleaner and more sustainable future for the country. Baliuag's
SWM initiatives are diverse, effective, and cater to different sectors of the community.
These initiatives encourage citizens to participate and promote environmental
consciousness, which is crucial in achieving the town's goal of becoming a cleaner and
greener community.

2. Sa inyong 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan, lahat po ba ng plano niyo na

nakasaad doon ay nasusunod o di kaya ay natutupad? Maaari po ba ninyo isa-
isahin?

P2: “..Sa budget lang hindi (nasusunod), kasi minsan kapos sa budget.
Kinakailangan kasi (by) 2027 budgeted lahat. And then yung creation office
nasunod naman na, pero yung mga position na nandoon dahil sa budget, budgetary
requirements hindi pa..”

P3: “Kailangan po every three (3) years inuupdate po yung waste analysis
characterization po natin, every five (5) years po pala. Kaya inuupdate po natin
yung 10-year solid waste management plan kasi kailangan po natin iupdate yung
waste analysis characterization natin or yung WAC's.”

P5: “Yes po. Natutupad namin , nagkaroon kami ng kaunting achievement for
example three (3) times kaming nag-number (one) 1 sa Manila Bayani yung mga
nakalagay tapos 2nd lang kami. Siguro four (4) times kaming nanalo, isa second
kaya natutupad namin yung mga nakalagay dun sa 10 year solid waste
management plan.”

P3: “Sa manila bay po mayroon po syang four (4) na criteria. Unang-una po is
solid waste management, liquid management , informant settler managing,
panghuli po is IEC and EIP. Yan po yung apat na criteria po. Sa kada-criteria pong
iyan may nakaloob po ng question o yung mga kinakailangan pong hindi na mga
documents or mga program po.”
 63

Based on the responses of the informants, it appears that the implementation of

Baliuag City's 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan is not entirely successful yet.
Participant 2 mentioned that they were not able to follow the budget allotted for the plan
thoroughly, which is crucial for achieving the plan's objectives. Consequently, they were
not able to fill certain positions due to budget constraints. Nonetheless, the creation of the
necessary office has been completed such as the creation of the Municipality Environment
and Natural Resources office, which is now the City Environment and Natural Resources
Office (CENRO) following their recent ratification of their town as a city.

However, Participant 5 mentioned that they were able to achieve some of the goals
in their plan, which is a positive sign and that they were recognized for their efforts in
Manila BAYani Awards as an example of their success. According to the Department of
the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Region III (2022), Municipality of Baliwag in
Bulacan has been consistently performing well in the Manila Bay Clean-Up, Rehabilitation
and Preservation Program (MBCRPP). Specifically, the municipality was recognized as
the 2021 Regional Manila BAYani Awardee for the Municipal Category under the 2021
Regional Manila BAYani Awards and Incentives (MBAI), which is a recognition program
that aims to encourage local government units (LGUs) to participate in the MBCRPP and
improve their performance in terms of reducing pollution and improving the water quality
of Manila Bay. Furthermore, the data highlights that the Municipality of Baliwag was also
recognized as the top performer in the 2019 and 2020 Regional MBAI, which indicates
that the LGU has been consistently committed to improving the quality of the environment
in the region.
 64

Participant 3 mentioned that there are four criteria for the Manila Bay Clean-Up
Program, which includes solid waste management, liquid management, informant settler
managing, and Information Education Campaign (IEC) and Environmental Information
and Education Program (EIP). These criteria have specific requirements and questions that
need to be met. This highlights the need for Baliuag City to comply with these requirements
to ensure that their efforts towards solid waste management are in line with national and
international standards. Nevertheless, this success seems to be more of an exception than
the norm, as the other informants expressed concerns regarding the implementation of the
plan.

Participant 3 explained the need to update the plan every five years, which is crucial
in ensuring that the plan remains relevant and effective. This is because changes in waste
generation patterns and the introduction of new technologies can render the plan obsolete.
Updating the plan, therefore, ensures that the city's Solid Waste Management Plan is up-
to-date and adaptable to changing circumstances.

In conclusion, the informants' responses suggest that Baliuag City's 10-year Solid
Waste Management Plan has encountered some challenges in its implementation,
particularly in terms of budget constraints. However, there are still some successes, and the
need for regular updates and compliance with national and international standards is
highlighted. It is therefore essential for the city to address these challenges and continue to
work towards effective solid waste management.
 65

3. Ano po ang mga hakbang na ginawa nyo para makumbinsi ang mga mamamayan
ng Baliuag na makilahok sa SWM plan nyo?

P1: “..so, yung segregation sinasabi namin, minsan sinasabi naming kapag hindi
segregated hindi kukunin. No Segregation, No Collection Policy, meron din kami
non at yun nga yung MRF naming talagang pinapalakas namin..”

P2: “..Yung power of social media. Kasi tayo gusto natin nappost tayo at
nabibigyan ng pagpapahalaga…Halimbawa, kayo, yung grupo nyo sumali kayo
samin. Pipicturan namin, (at) do-document namin. Ipo-post namin ‘yon, makikita
ngayon ng mga classmate niyo, ita-tag nila kayo (at) ma-eencourage sila (kasi)
mare-recognize..”

P2: “..bumuo kami ng bagong system na Barangay Incentives Program. Yung

namayaning barangay, yung Best Environmental Project. Kung sino-sino yung
mga nagi-implement, may reward sa LGU para ma-encourage sila...”

P2: “..sinimulan namin yung environmental award ng school, ng group ng school,

ng household, ng barangay, ng establishment, lahat ng sector..”

P2: “..bakit g-t-g naman, kasi magtataka yung tao ano ba iyon? mai-intriga sila.
‘Yon yung mga naisip namin. Dapat kakaiba din– catchy yung name, kunwari palit
basura..”

P5: “Nagkaroon po kami ng programa ng barangay environmental committee

which is responsible na sila sa every Saturday is maglilinis sa kanya kanya nilang
lugar. Before kami nag weekly clean-up drive, nagsimula kami sa monthly. Meron
lagi sa isang buwan. Namimili kami ng host barangay na lilinisin. Mga ilang
months yon. Kumbaga natuto sila na program na buwan buwan. Natuto na sila
maglinis hanggang sa ginawa naming per weekly na hanggang sa per barangay na
ang nagagawa ng clean up drive nayun. Hindi na yung nag-host nalang ng isang
barangay. Nagpa-participate yung ibang barangay na kanya kanya kasi nasanay
na sila every Saturday naglilinis sila. Pwede na silang magkasabay-sabay.
Kumbaga sa isang sabado within 27 barangay sabay-sabay na silang naglilinis ng
barangay nila, per area.”
 66

Based on the responses of the informants, it seems that they have taken various
steps to encourage the citizens of Baliuag to participate in their SWM plan. One of the key
measures they implemented was a "No Segregation, No Collection Policy," which means
that waste that is not properly segregated would not be collected. They also emphasized
the importance of having a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) to support the segregation
process.

Another approach they used was leveraging social media to showcase the
participation of individuals and groups in the SWM plan, which could potentially inspire
others to join in. They also created an incentive program, the Barangay Incentives Program,
which rewarded the barangays with the best environmental projects. This helped to
encourage the barangays to implement and maintain the SWM plan. In addition, they
introduced an environmental award program that covered various sectors, including
schools, households, barangays, and establishments. These awards recognized the efforts
of individuals and groups who were actively contributing to the SWM plan. Finally, they
organized regular clean-up drives, starting from monthly to weekly and eventually per
barangay. By involving different barangays in the clean-up drives, they were able to
encourage participation and collaboration among the citizens of Baliuag.

The City of Baliuag used a combination of education, incentives, and recognition

to encourage citizen participation in their SWM plan. These strategies demonstrate the
importance of active citizen involvement in implementing environmental programs and the
significance of recognizing their efforts in promoting sustainable practices.
 67

IV. Practices for Effective SWM

1. Mayroon po bang mga idinagdag na kasanayan o praktis upang mas maging

epektibo ang batas?

P2: “..nabuo namin yung palit basura sa barangay, ‘yon ay pondo ng city
government na nagbibigay kami ng palit basura store, ka-tie up ang PESO. So
halimbawa ang tindahan, 5 years na, willing siya mag-attend samin ng mga
seminar training, gusto niya maging palit basura store yung tindahan niya,
bibigyan namin siya ng worth fifteen thousand (Php 15,000.00) grocery tsaka
pangalan. Ano ba yung palit basura? Yung palit basura, lahat kasi napansin namin
sa data ng 10 year plan na 45% recyclable ng basura namin, which is pag nakuha
namin yon, less na ‘yon ng dadalhin namin sa landfill. 40% ata o 38% is bio waste,
‘yun yung pwedeng ibaon. So, nagfocus muna kami sa recyclable at sa mga naiiwan
sa bahay na siyang pwede ring mag-educate sa mga nasa bahay din nila so nabuo
nabuo yung palit basura. So ‘yon, palit basura pupunta ka sa tindahan dalhin mo
yung mga recyclable madalas mga sachet, bote, plastic, dyaryo punta ka tindahan
kailangan mo ng shampoo, palit mo ‘yon, may equivalent kunyari yung bote
sampung piraso ng bote ng gin. Ah sabihin natin five peso, kapalit noon
sunsilk/creamsilk mga ganoon. So, nabuo ‘yon para yung target ng ganoong age
at the same time, makikita mo yung tarpaulin yung palitan paano ba ako
magpapalit? Sasabihin nung may ari, mag-segregate ka..’’

P3: “..Si Aling Tindera po, ni-level up niya lang po si Palit Basura. Si Palit Basura
po is yung mga basurang may pakinabang pa po like yung mga sachet, ang
pinapalit naman po namin is yung mga goods. Ito naman pong si Aling Tindera,
ang kapalit naman po is pera. Magkaiba po siya pero si Aling Tindera po ay ni-
level up lang si Palit Basura..”

P7: “May bago tayong project na tie up ang isang NGO para mas ma-encourage
natin ang ating mga kababayan na mag-segregate since solid waste talaga ang
problema natin sa buong mundo. Ito ‘yung Aling tindera palit basura project natin
sa mga barangay na sa 27 barangay meron na tayong 7 na nag-o-operate at
nakakapag-collect na ng 8,000 kilos na kung tutuosin ay dapat residual waste na
sya pero pwd pa palang pakinabangan at kumita.”
 68

P2: “..Ang iuupdate namin ngayon example yung paano namin mababawasan yung
[single-use] plastic. So, ano kami, nag introduce kami ng program ulit– yung
refilling station parang palit basura siya. Yung refilling station, nagbigay ulit kami
ng puhunan sa piling mga tindahan (tulad) ng mga toyo suka mantika, dishwashing
liquid atbp. Pupunta kayo doon ng may dalang lalagyan. Ngayon, kunwari bibilhin
niyo sa market ng Php 35.00, doon (sa refilling station), mga 30 pesos nalang, ile-
less yung packaging, so nabawasan. Ang problema lang, syempre ano may
tindahan minsan, doon kayo kukuha ng pang araw araw; (toyo, mantika, atbp.) so
nauubos yung tinda. Kaya kami nag-formulate ulit ng vendo (machine), makita nyo
yung sample dito sa office namin sa labas lang. Vendo (machine) na siya , (mag)hu-
hulog ka lang ng five pesos, dalhin mo yung bote, so may number of ml na ‘yon..”

P2: “..Sa ages naman ng mga katulad nating mga bata, ang naging approach
namin is may load sa basura. So, ganon lang din, palit lang din, may equivalent
points. Kunwari isang kilong dyaryo, equivalent to fifteen pesos load….So dun
namin pinakilala yung segregation..”

P2: “..base sa research analysis, yung recyclable, marami siyang item pa. Pag
sinabing recyclable, nandyan yung plastic na bote, babasagin, papel, dyaryo ano
paba mga gulong mga sachet. From two, ginawang four, ginawa naming 8
classification. Eight or six. Kasi sa Japan, dose (12) yung basurahan nila. Iba yung
lalagyan ng plastic, iba yung tin can, iba yung ano. Sabi nila (mga tao) kasi nung
nagdi-discuss, nalilito sa recyclable at sa ‘di nabubulok. So ginawa namin, naging
specific kami sa isang bahay (na) kailangan anim yung basurahan. ‘Pag ganito,
sabihin natin saan ‘to magkakasama yung papel? Kasi yung iba kasi pag sinabing
recyclable, pagsasama-samahin. Minsan yung bote ng toyo may katas,
makakatasan yung papel, akala nila basura na. So, nagkakaroon ng
misunderstanding. So ngayon from 2-4 naging 9 yung classification, iyon na yung
ini-implement namin sa Baliuag. Pero hindi pa yung buong area, may mga pilot
muna...”

P2: “..So, R.A. No. 9003, no open dump site dapat, s,o kaya nabuo rin yung Clean-
Up Drive. Mayroon kaming Clean-Up Drive, ang focus naman non ay linisin ang
ganoong (open dumpsite) area..”
 69

P2: “..Dahil 38-40 % percent ng basura na ay bio, sa bahay tamad tayo mag-
segregate kasi walang space. So, ginawa namin, mayroon kaming g-t-g (garbage-
to-garden bucket composting). Drum sya, drum na maganda naman, puti….drum
sya na maliit na pwede niyo lagay sa gilid ng kusina na kapag nagluto, may tirang
pagkain, lagay niyo lang don, tapos layer by layer lang siya. Tapos after 2 weeks,
napuno, haluin niyo lang, tambak niyo na sa mga garden soil, (paso nyo)....Yan,
sealed siya para di sya aamoy. Ang laman nito, ito, yung coconut (kusot). So, ang
target namin don– mabigyan lahat ng household para mabawasan yung food
waste.”

P2: “..Actually kami yung una ring nagstart, may provincial ordinance na bawal
ang plastic. Kami din yung unang start na mag-implement ng ordinance. 2016 pa.
So, kaya sa baliuag, bawal ang stryo(foam), bawal din yung mga plastic cups,
bawal din yung mga plastic na may blue— yung pang divisoria bawal ‘yon….Kasi
nag-anuhan (nag-kasuhan) kami ng SM Baliwag. Si SM, binatas namin dahil may
plastic yung mga ano, pero nilabanan niya kami kasi osco-biodegradable
daw. Pasado daw sa DOST, ngayon, nagpapa-approve samin, kailangan ng DOST
certification na osco-biodegradable. (Kung) pumasa sila, wala kaming magagawa.
Binago namin ordinansa namin na zero plastic, ngayon, hihintayin lang namin
lumabas ‘yung resulta at step by step naman naming iiiplement….Pero may i-
introduce kami na cassava or corn plastic, hinihintay lang din yung certification
na talagang corn sya and cassava….yung plastic na ‘yon ‘pag di na ginagamit,
pwedeng i-melt. Pwedeng ipakain sa isda, sa mga ano— sa mga hayop. Kasi corn
talaga siya (at) cassava. Medyo pricey siya pero ‘pag nilaban mo sa papel, diba
yung mga papel mga 3 pesos per piece sa 7-Eleven, ‘yon din parang P2.50 (per
piece din) pero plastic siya na gawa lang sa corn, ganoon..Yung cassava plastic po
yun. Mga plastic bag nila is gawa sa cassava. As of now hinihintay na lang po ng
Oipos company ‘yung ilalabas na papel kung ia-approve po so after ponon next
process po nun is ia-adopt na po ng CENRO Baliuag kasama po si Baliaug Green
Coop. Yung cassava plastic bag nga po nayon. Si Cassava plastic bag po kasi, ito
po yung plastic bag na ‘pag nailagay n’yo lang po sa mainit na tubig is nalulusaw
na po siya..”

The interviewee's discussion on various practices for effective solid waste

management highlights the importance of active citizen participation in promoting
environmental sustainability. By implementing various programs and initiatives that
incentivize citizens to adopt more eco-friendly practices, the interviewee has encouraged
citizens to actively participate in SWM, promoting awareness about the importance of
proper waste management among the general population.
 70

Firstly, participant 2 discussed the "Palit Basura" program, which incentivizes

citizens to bring their recyclable waste to participating stores in exchange for goods. This
program is an initiative to address the issue of the high percentage of recyclable waste in
their 10-year solid waste management plan data. The program's implementation has two
significant advantages. Firstly, it incentivizes citizens to segregate their waste properly and
bring their recyclable waste to the designated stores, leading to a reduction in the amount
of waste that ends up in landfills. Secondly, it provides an opportunity for citizens to earn
rewards in exchange for their waste, which is an excellent way to encourage them to
participate actively in SWM. Secondly, stated by participant 3 Mr. Kristian Gonzalea,
similar to the aforementioned program is “Aling Tindera” an upgrade for the Palit Basura
Program which started January 2023. The only difference is instead of having the essential
goods such as shampoos and soaps, the rendering reward will be cash or money.
Supplemented by Participant 7, Hazel Bautista of IEC Division, it is a new project which
NGO is included for its implementation in order to encourage the citizens of Baliuag to
segregate their solid wastes. In 27 barangays there are already 7 who are already operating
this program which can collect 8, 000 kilos of wastes when it fact it should be a residual
waste but it be used to benefit obtaining cash as reward.

Thirdly, the "Refilling Station" program is another remarkable initiative that aims
to reduce single-use plastics by providing refilling stations for common household items
such as cooking oil and dishwashing liquid, stated by the Office Head of CENRO, Mr.
Edgar Luna. This program is funded by the government and implemented in selected stores
for now. The program's implementation has a significant advantage, as it reduces single-
use plastics, which are one of the major contributors to environmental pollution. By
providing refilling stations for common household items, the program encourages citizens
to adopt more eco-friendly practices, promoting sustainable living.
 71

Fourthly, Mr. Edgar Luna mentioned a program that incentivizes children to

participate in SWM by offering load credits in exchange for recycled waste. This program's
implementation has a two-fold advantage as well, similar to the “Palit Basura” program.
Firstly, it incentivizes children to actively participate in SWM, promoting awareness about
the importance of waste segregation and recycling among the younger generation.
Secondly, it provides an opportunity for children to earn load credits in exchange for their
recycled waste, which is an excellent way to encourage them to participate actively in
SWM. Fifthly, the interviewee discussed the importance of proper waste segregation and
the need for a specific classification system that provides clarity on which waste items can
be recycled and which cannot. In response, they developed a classification system with
nine categories for solid waste. This is a critical step in promoting SWM, as proper waste
segregation is essential for effective waste management. By developing a specific
classification system, it has made it easier for citizens to segregate their waste properly,
leading to a reduction in the amount of waste that ends up in landfills.

Sixly, the interviewee discussed the importance of following R.A. No. 9003, which
prohibits open dumpsites. In line with this, they implemented a "Clean-Up Drive" program
to encourage citizens to clean up their surroundings. This is a critical step in promoting
SWM, as proper waste management is essential for environmental sustainability. By
implementing a "Clean-Up Drive" program, the interviewee has encouraged citizens to
actively participate in SWM, promoting awareness about the importance of proper waste
management among the general population. Seventhly, Baliuag first started and
implemented the provincial ordinance of zero use of plastics since 2016, stated by Mr.
Edgar Luna, Participant 2. Resulting in the prohibition of the use of Styrofoam, plastic
cups, even the plastic that are mostly used in public markets like Divisoria. Due to this
implementation, the CENRO filed a case against SM Baliuag having said that the latter is
using plastics that are non-biodegradable which it was countered by stating that SM
Baliuag is using osco-biodegradable plastics.
 72

In addition to the defense of the mall, the main subject of the issue is already
approved by the DOST, however, in order to be approved by the DOST, a certification
from the CENRO is needed to prove that the plastics are osco-biodegradable. Because of
this issue, the CENRO came up with a solution of cassava/corn plastics, an alternative for
using non-biodegradable/harmful plastics. By melting the object, it will break down into
smaller sizes and it can be food for live creatures such as fishes. Also mentioned by
participant 3, Kristian Gonzalea, the CENRO are waiting for the release of Oipos Company
regarding whether the paper is approved subject to the approval of the cassava/corn
plastics. After this step, CENRO will adopt the use of this kind of plastics along with
Baliuag Green Coop.
 73

V. Community Participation in the Implementation

A. Public Awareness

WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan sa batas na Republic Act

No. 9003 o kilala sa tawag na Ecological Solid Waste 3.32 SOMEWHAT AWARE
Management Act of 2000?

2. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan sa iyong responsibilidad

MODERATELY
bilang residente ng Baliuag ayon sa batas na nabanggit
AWARE
sa unang tanong? 3.56

3. Nababatid mo ba ang mga taong nasa likod ng

SOMEWHAT AWARE
implementasyon ng Solid Waste Management? 3.06

4. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan na mayroong

MODERATELY
karampatang parusa sa lahat ng lumalabag sa batas na
4.04 AWARE
Republic Act. No. 9003?

5. Ikaw ba ay may kaalaman tungkol sa Kautusang

Bayan na pinangalanang “No Segregation, No
Collection Policy”, kung saan nakasaad dito ang
mahigpit na pagbabawal sa Open Dumping of Garbage SOMEWHAT AWARE
3.7
(pagtatapon ng basura sa mga lugar na hindi dapat) at
ang hindi wastong paghihiwalay ng mga basura ay may
karampatang parusa na Php 500 - Php 1,500?

SOMEWHAT
GRAND MEAN 3.42
AWARE

Table 5. PUBLIC AWARENESS OF RESPONDENTS

 74

Table 1 represents the public awareness of the residents of the City of Baliuag to
Republic Act No. 9003; 3.23 of the respondents somewhat agree on the given questions in
view of their awareness concerning the same law; 3.56 of the respondents were moderately
aware of their responsibility as a resident of the City of Baliuag when it comes to the solid
waste management; 3.06 of the respondents were somewhat aware of the persons such as
public authority or employees behind the implementation of the abovementioned law; 4.04
of the respondents were moderately aware of the imposition of penalties for violators; and
correlatively, 3.1 of the respondents were somewhat aware of the City of Baliuag’s
Ordinances, specifically the “No Segregation, No Collection Policy” and its equivalent
penalties, if violated.

Figure 2. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF BALIUAG, BULACAN

The responses to this question, as reflected in Figure 1, depict the level of awareness
about the implementation of the City of Baliuag’s programs in connection with solid waste
management as perceived by its residents.
 75

The results from the table are a clear indication that all practices primarily related
to solid waste management, gathered from CENRO and collected and tabulated by the
researchers, thereafter, measure the level of public awareness and assess environmental
solid waste management practices vis-à-vis:

1. Palit Basura Program gathered 52%, or 26 out of 50 survey respondents, are fully
aware;
2. 14%, or 7 out of 50 survey respondents, are fully aware of the Vendo Machine
Refilling Station, implying that many of the respondents have poor practices in
terms of this Vendo Machine Refilling Station;
3. Households are fully aware of the “No Segregation, No Collection Policy,” which
gathered 64% or 32 out of 50 respondents, indicating that the “No Segregation, No
Collection Policy” gathered the most popular solid waste management practice;
4. Six (6) containers of trash bins on each house gathered 16% of the 50 respondents,
or 8 out of 50;
5. 32%, or 16 out of 50 households, are aware of the single-use of plastic ban;
6. 2%, or 1 out of 50 respondents, are aware of Palit Basura Program but are unaware
when it comes to the Palit Basura Stores; and
7. 10%, or 5 out of 50 respondents, are not aware of any of the provided practices of
any kinds of solid waste management practices.

As stated in Chapter II, the majority of the budget is allocated to other finances such
as infrastructure, food, and security, making it difficult for LGUs to adopt adequate
measures to address some of its implementation issues, such as carrying out certain projects
to raise public awareness. Due to their department's failure to adequately prioritize project
implementation, City of Baliuag, Bulacan's execution fell short of expectations.
 76

Presenting the figure above, it formulates that the level of awareness regarding the
implementation of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan’s programs in connection with solid waste
management as perceived by its residents were not that high compared to what it has been
perceived. It is only on an average level. The data gathered showed that its
residents have only common knowledge about the abovementioned programs.

Figure 3. EXECUTIVE ORDERS OF BALIUAG, BULACAN

Article 3 of the Civil Code of the Philippines states that ignorance of the law
excuses no one from compliance therewith. In such a case, the residents of the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan must have a comprehensive understanding of the existence of their SWM
Ordinances in order to protect themselves from the possibility of being subject to sanctions
such as fines or imprisonment.

The results indicate that a majority of the respondents (90% or 45 out of 50) are
fully aware of the prohibition on littering, throwing, and dumping of waste matters in
public places, such as roads, sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and establishments. This
suggests that the local government's efforts in promoting and enforcing this particular
ordinance have been relatively successful.
 77

On the other hand, only 20% of the respondents (10 out of 50) are aware of the
prohibition on the operations of junk shops or junk recovery establishments that receive,
store, transfer, or otherwise process waste beside irrigation systems. This indicates that the
local government needs to increase its efforts to promote awareness of this ordinance,
possibly through education campaigns or stricter enforcement.

The data also shows that 48% of the respondents (24 out of 50) are fully aware of
the prohibition on littering, throwing, and dumping of waste matters in public roads such
as major roadways or thoroughfares. This suggests that while a considerable number of
respondents are aware of this ordinance, there is still room for improvement in terms of
awareness-raising and enforcement. Finally, only 6% of the respondents (3 out of 50) are
unaware of the aforementioned city ordinances. While this is a relatively low percentage,
efforts should still be made to reach out to these individuals and provide them with
information about the ordinances.

Presenting the figure above, it formulates that the level of awareness regarding the
the SWM Ordinances of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan, which were all adopted and
contributory to the following Orders such as DENR Administrative Order 2001-34 and
DENR Administrative Order 1998-49, as perceived by its residents are crucial to be
familiar with Baliuag City’s Ordinances and to understand their environmental impact.
Thus, the data suggests that the local government's efforts to promote and enforce SWM
ordinances in Baliuag, Bulacan have been moderately successful, but there is still room for
improvement, particularly in terms of promoting awareness of specific ordinances and
increasing enforcement efforts.
 78

B. Public Participation

WEIGHTED VERBAL
MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. Gaano ka kadalas makilahok o dumalo sa mga

programa tulad ng mga seminars o webinars ng 2.32 LIGHTLY ACTIVE
inyong barangay o bayan?

2. Bilang isang mamamayan ng lungsod ng Baliuag

na may batas na inaanyayahan ang mga mamamayan
nito na magsagawa ng paghihiwalay ng basura bago
4.48 ACTIVE
itapon (Waste Segregation), gaano kadalas ang
iyong pagsunod sa nasabing batas?

MODERATELY
GRAND MEAN 3.4
ACTIVE

Table 6. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION OF RESPONDENTS

The data presented in Table 3 suggests that the residents of the City of Baliuag are
moderately active in their public participation in solid waste management practices. This
is evident from the average score of 4.48, which indicates that the residents comply with
the rules on proper segregation. This is a positive sign as proper segregation of waste is a
crucial first step in effective waste management. However, despite the implementation of
Republic Act No. 9003, the residents' level of engagement in related public participation
activities such as seminars and webinars is lower, with a score of 2.32. This suggests that
while the residents may be aware of the importance of solid waste management, they are
not as actively engaged in participating in programs and activities that aim to improve solid
waste management in their community.

Thus, the data presented in Table 3 provides valuable insights into the current state
of public participation in solid waste management practices in the City of Baliuag. While
there is room for improvement, the residents' compliance with proper segregation rules is
a positive sign and should serve as a basis for further improvement in solid waste
management practices in the community.
 79

Figure 4. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION VIS-À-VIS ACTIVITIES OF

BALIUAG, BULACAN

The responses to this question, as reflected in Figure 3, depict the level of public
participation in the project of the officers-in-charge in connection with solid waste
management as perceived by the residents of the City of Baliuag.

Based on the survey results, it appears that the residents of the City of Baliuag have
varying levels of participation in solid waste management practices. The 'No Segregation,
No Collection Policy' is the most widely practiced solid waste management measure, with
66% of respondents indicating their full participation. This indicates that the policy has
been effective in encouraging residents to properly segregate their waste. However, the
Palit Basura Program, which involves exchanging recyclable materials for goods, only
gathered 30% participation, suggesting that it may not be as popular or well-known
among residents. Similarly, the Vendo Machine Refilling Station received poor
participation, with only 2% of respondents indicating good practice in this regard.

The provision of six containers of trash bins on each house was found to be a
moderately practiced solid waste management measure, with 18% of respondents
indicating good practice. This may suggest that there is room for improvement in the
provision of adequate waste containers for residents.
 80

The ban on single-use plastics was found to have moderate participation, with 22%
of respondents indicating their practice of this measure. This suggests that the ban may be
a somewhat effective measure in reducing the use of single-use plastics in the city. Finally,
it is concerning that 20% of respondents indicated that they were not participating in any
solid waste management practices. This highlights the need for continued education and
outreach efforts to encourage all residents to participate in solid waste management
practices.

As stated in Chapter II of this study, the State has the responsibility to conserve the
environment in order to undo the harm that has already been done for the benefit of future
generations who will inherit the kind of land that the current generation will leave them in
accordance with Article II, Section 16 of the 1987 Constitution. In this sense, public
awareness is crucial in promoting environmental sustainability and its implications for
achieving successful solid waste management in an area. Accordingly, the aforementioned
environmental practices of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan contributed to the wide range of
solid waste management options by adopting or developing its own programs or initiatives
that are good for the environment and can reduce waste generation to help the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan comply with Republic Act No. 9003.

In furtherance of the policy of the State to protect and advance the people's right to
a balanced and healthy ecology in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of nature,
Republic of the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 9512, also known as the "National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act" was passed. The vital role of youth is widely
acknowledged as it plays a crucial role in promoting environmentally aware actions. As a
result, a sense of urgency with which environmental degradation must be addressed by
means of incorporating environmental education as a primary component of the educational
experience. Overall, the survey results suggest that while some solid waste management
practices are well-established in the City of Baliuag, there is still room for improvement
and increased participation in other measures. It is important for local authorities to
continue promoting and implementing effective solid waste management practices to
ensure a cleaner and healthier environment for all residents.
 81

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

In summary of the qualitative research approach, the researchers derived the

findings based from the precisely discussed results from the interview with Baliuag’s City
Mayor; Ferdie Estrella, Department Head of the City Environmental and Natural Resources
Office (CENRO); Mr. Edgar Luna, including the Baliuag CENRO Information Education
Team; Mr. Ronaldo Cruz, Ms. Hazel Bautista and Mr. Kenneth Merano, the Baliuag
CENRO Monitoring Team; Mr. Alvin Fernandez and the Manila Bay Clean Up,
Rehabilitation, Preservation Project Team Member, Mr. Kristian Gonzales.

1. How does the City of Baliuag, Bulacan comply with the solid waste management
before the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003?

Based on the data provided, the findings suggest that Baliuag's solid waste
management practices have undergone significant changes over time. The findings indicate
that the implementation of solid waste management (SWM) practices in Baliuag prior to
the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003 was not fully developed due to the absence of
dedicated offices such as CENRO, as cited by Mr. Luna as a key reason for this.
Furthermore, Mayor Estrella acknowledged that the concept of waste segregation was not
yet strictly enforced, which led to an unstructured and unsystematic management approach
to solid waste, although there were already initiatives in place to address waste
management concerns such as the recovery facility project spearheaded by then-Mayor
Romeo Estrella and the then established ordinance with the slogan "Tapat ko, linis ko,"
which approximately translates to "I am responsible for keeping my surroundings clean"
in 1997.
 82

It then had been amended in 2005 into the Solid Waste Management Ordinance to
conform to the national standards set by the said law, providing a more comprehensive
framework for ecological solid waste management that aimed to provide more detailed
guidelines and regulations for the proper handling, collection, and disposal of solid waste
within the municipality.

The transformation of solid waste management transpired with the passing of

Republic Act No. 9003, particularly in 2015, when strong enforcement of the law was
imposed and the 10-year solid waste management plan was authorized, which played an
important role in the growth of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan. It was stated that the approval
of a 10-year SWM plan was a major factor in Baliuag’s growth, although it was not
specified when the shift toward sustainable waste management practices began. Therefore,
despite the fact that the law aims to promote sustainable waste management practices and
requires local government units to enforce regulations for proper waste disposal, and even
though the implementation of the law has been gradual, there are still challenges in
educating the community about waste segregation and promoting public acceptance of the
law.

2. What is the status of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan’s solid waste management after
the passage of Republic Act No. 9003?

The local government's approach has been to introduce the law gradually, starting
with pilot barangays and streets, but there has been limited funding for waste management
projects, and the division of responsibilities between the city and the barangays has posed
a challenge. There is also a community's reluctance to attend environmental education
sessions, which led to confusion among them about what constitutes recyclable and non-
biodegradable waste. Over time, research and development, in conjunction with program
execution, helped to reduce waste. The technique included conducting information,
education, and communication (IEC) campaigns and visiting barangays to raise awareness
and obtain community support. Although not entirely successful, Baliuag's waste
management procedures have changed.
 83

The interpreted data on the preceding chapter also find that the citizens and some
local law enforcers are not fully equipped when it comes to the knowledge of segregation,
they resort to building dumpsites and disposing of their waste without proper consideration
on how to dispose of it by referring to the proper disposal based on its material or
categorization and that the division of responsibilities between the city and the barangays
also posed a challenge in the implementation of waste management. There were also
instances where people were confused about what constitutes recyclable and non-
biodegradable waste, leading to mismanagement of waste segregation. Additionally, the
findings also suggest the implementation of the law has been affected by changes in
administration, and there is a need for continuity in waste management programs and
designated personnel to oversee these initiatives.

Furthermore, it was also found that one of the limitations of the SWM law's
implementation in Baliuag City is the insufficient provision of resources, notably garbage
trucks. Speaking from his experience as one of the officials responsible for implementing
R.A 9003, Mr. Luna stated that one of the gaps in their implementation of this law is a lack
of financial support to develop resources. The paucity of garbage vehicles made it difficult
to implement comprehensive segregation properly, as one truck per barangay would have
been more feasible. As a result, once the truck from one barangay was filled, it was
impossible to collect garbage from the other barangays. This lack of resources resulted in
a failure to successfully execute waste segregation, emphasizing the need for enough
resources to ensure the law's successful implementation. Finally, the lack of education and
training on the law's provisions is a significant challenge, and there is a need for stricter
enforcement of the penalties and the monitoring of potential violators.

In the summary of the quantitative research method, the researchers supported the
qualitative data through elaboration of results of the survey that was done featuring the
current level of public awareness and participation of the residents of Baliuag City on
current solid waste management.In line with that, based on the quantitative findings, the
study highlights the need for increased awareness and active participation in solid waste
management practices in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan.
 84

In view of the public awareness among respondents, the moderate level of public
awareness of solid waste management practices and related regulations suggests that there
is a need for improved information dissemination strategies to increase public knowledge
of Republic Act No. 9003 and the ordinances of the city. In terms of adherence to
environmental solid waste management practices, respondents found them easier to follow.
However, despite the sufficient number of programs, respondents only slightly agreed that
their local government's information dissemination was adequate, suggesting a need for
improved communication strategies to increase public awareness and participation in solid
waste management practices. Thus, the findings suggest that while the LGU has made
efforts to promote solid waste management practices, there is still room for improvement
in terms of information dissemination and increasing public participation in these practices.

Overall, the results highlight the importance of effective communication and

engagement strategies to promote public participation in solid waste management
practices. The local government of Baliuag, Bulacan, has a range of programs and
guidelines in place to ensure the long-term implementation of Republic Act No. 9003.
However, these initiatives will only be successful if residents are aware of them and
actively participate in solid waste management practices. Therefore, it is essential to
develop a comprehensive communication strategy that is tailored to the needs of the
community and ensures that everyone is aware of their responsibilities in managing solid
waste.

3. What made the City of Baliuag, Bulacan stand out among the municipalities in
terms of environmental aspects? (What was the basis of the award or the criteria
of award?)

As it has been mentioned on the study’s introduction, and reiterated on the results,
the City of Baliuag, Bulacan has obtained several awards and recognitions with regards to
their environment.
 85

One of these is from their outstanding performance in the Regional MBAI under
the Manila Bay Clean-Up, Rehabilitation and Preservation Program (MBCRPP). The
study's findings highlight the significance of the City of Baliuag, Bulacan's recognition for
their outstanding performance in the Regional MBAI under the MBCRPP. The recognition
underscores the importance of local government units' active participation in
environmental conservation and sustainability efforts, especially in achieving national
programs' goals such as the MBCRPP.

Therefore, it has been found that the recognition received by the City of Baliuag,
Bulacan is a testament to the importance of local government units' involvement in
environmental conservation and sustainability efforts. Their consistent recognition in the
previous years also showcases their unwavering commitment to environmental
stewardship, and serves as an inspiration to other LGUs in the region to strive for
excellence in the implementation of national programs such as the MBCRPP. Their
exemplary performance serves as a model for other LGUs to follow and underscores the
importance of collaboration between various government agencies, stakeholders, and
communities in achieving environmental conservation and sustainability goals.

4. What solid waste management and environmental practices does the City of
Baliuag, Bulacan implement to guide the policy compliance of other municipalities
and cities in the said province within the R. A. 9003?

The source provided a comprehensive overview of Baliuag's current SWM

initiatives, featuring various programs and incentives to encourage environmental
protection. It demonstrates the municipality's dedication to fostering environmental
awareness among its residents and emphasizes the significance of community involvement
in promoting responsible refuse management practices. By recognizing and rewarding
individuals and groups for their contributions to environmental conservation, the SWM
initiatives of Baliuag promote healthy competition and increase participation.
 86

The City of Baliuag in terms of solid waste management showcases the town's
commitment to promoting environmental consciousness among its citizens through various
programs and incentives. It includes programs and/or practices as follows:

1. Basura Exchange Programs

a. The "Palit Basura Store" Program

b. The “Aling Tindera” Program

c. The “May Load sa Basura” Program

2. Refilling Station

3. The "Clean-Up Drive" Program

4. 8 Classification System of Waste Disposal

5. Garbage-to-Garden Bucket Composting

These programs and initiatives have several advantages, such as reducing the
amount of waste that ends up in landfills, promoting sustainable living, encouraging
children to participate actively in SWM, and providing an opportunity for citizens to earn
rewards. They also contribute to promoting environmental sustainability by addressing the
issue of high percentages of recyclable waste and reducing single-use plastics. However,
despite the town's efforts in promoting SWM, they are struggling to maintain the proposal
and approval for their office budget. Since most of the city budget is prioritized for major
finances such as infrastructure and security, the CENRO Baliuag is having difficulty
securing enough budget for their environmental projects. This shortage of budgetary
allocation for environmental projects may hinder the town's progress towards its goal of
becoming a cleaner and greener community.
 87

Overall, the given information suggests that citizen participation is crucial for
promoting environmental sustainability through effective solid waste management. These
programs and initiatives provide incentives to citizens and promote awareness about the
importance of proper waste management, leading to a reduction in the amount of waste
that ends up in landfills and promoting sustainable living. Governments and organizations
should prioritize promoting citizen participation in SWM to achieve environmental
sustainability.

CONCLUSION

With the goal of this study, it has been stated under the statement of the problem of
this study that this paper aims to review how the City of Baliuag effectively became the
top performing municipality (now city) in Bulacan when it comes to implementing and
enforcing the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. Considering this, it can be argued
that Baliuag attained this excellent compliance with this law because they understand and
can operate the fundamental components and format of Republic Act No. 9003 itself.
However, there are still some parts of their implementation that are in dire need of attention
to achieve their full success.

Based on all of the implications drawn in the preceding chapters, it can be

concluded that the implementation of Republic Act No. 9003 in Baliuag is more of a
financial and public participation issue.

First, the approval of 10-year SWM plan was a major contributing factor in the City
of Baliuag’s growth in view of the fact that the solid waste management practices were not
fully developed before the enactment of Republic Act No. 9003 due to the absence of
dedicated offices such as CENRO. Therefore, the approval of the City of Baliuag’s 10-year
Solid Waste Management Plan marked the beginning of sustainable waste management
practices in their locale.
 88

Second, the current SWM status of the City of Baliuag showcases the town's
commitment by implementing various programs and initiatives, such as deploying its own
Eco-Police, to promote environmental consciousness among its constituents in view of the
fact that citizen awareness plays a vital role in promoting environmental sustainability
towards the attainment of effective solid waste management.

Third, budgetary constraints hinder the City of Baliuag sustainable action’s

progress. According to the prior literature reviewed, lack of funds is the main reason why
LGUs were unable to adopt adequate measures to address some of its implementation
issues in view of the fact that the majority of the budget is allocated to other finances such
as infrastructure, food, and security. On account of, the project implementation under their
department was underprioritized. Lastly, CENRO-Baliuag observed some lapses regarding
the strictness of provided penalties under Section 49 of Republic Act No. 9003 because they
are relatively affordable, creating a sense of impunity that emboldens the violators to
continue disobeying the law. This also goes the same for filing a lawsuit for those who
apprehend the law of the Solid Waste Management Act. Further, they also suggest
amending the law for more innovative and cost-effective ways to manage solid waste.

In conclusion, the successful implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act in the City of Baliuag, Bulacan can be attributed to their understanding
and effective operation of the fundamental components of the law. However, there are still
several areas that need attention to achieve full compliance and success. Financial
constraints, a lack of continuity in waste management programs, and a lack of active public
participation are long-term issues that require consistent measures to address, whereas the
absence of waste management offices is a short-term issue.

With all of the overall long-term and short-term implications presented, this study
concludes that Republic Act No. 9003 must be amended to clarify roles and provisions so
that the state and its citizens can proactively exchange their responsibilities and work
together to fulfill the objectives of this law. Effective implementation of the law requires
participatory governance and a good rule of law.
 89

In all concluding terms, the findings of this study can be used to provide not only
good implementation of the laws at grassroot levels but also to instigate a clear and detailed
law that responds to the needs of the citizen by taking into account the needs of their
community and their rights to a more effective and efficient solid waste management
system.

In summary, the successful implementation of Republic Act No. 9003, or the

"Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000," by the City of Baliuag serves as a
model for other municipalities, but there is still room for improvement and innovation to
achieve a more sustainable future.

RECOMMENDATIONS

(a) The Continuity of the SWM Plan despite Changes in Leadership

The head of CENRO-Baliuag mentioned that once an administration begins, a new

administration ends– and this posts new officers to propose a new environmental plan
tailored to their administration. It has also been confirmed that only waste segregation and
disposal programs have been continued every time they encounter a new administration,
but usually the plans are altered by the current officer in charge. In consequence, it makes
the momentum of the Solid Waste Management Act disrupted and inconsistent at some
points, especially for the budget proposal and the sustainable development goals that each
administration is individually proposing for their own terms of office. As a projection, if
this disruption is combined with the lack of funds to implement the Republic Act No. 9003,
the fulfillment of their 10-year solid waste management plan might be delayed later or
might not be fulfilled at all.

Therefore, it is important for the current administration to prioritize and continue

the solid waste management plan, despite changes in leadership, as long as the plan has the
potential to be a successful tool in achieving a better implementation scheme from the
government.
 90

By building on the efforts of previous administrations and ensuring that waste

segregation and disposal programs remain in place, progress can continue to be made
towards achieving the goals of the Solid Waste Management Act.

As to the materialization of the continuity of the implementation for solid waste

management, it has been cited on the Sections 4, 5, 10 and 17 of the R.A 9003, the
importance of clear and detailed solid waste management plan, in accordance with the
features provided in the said law, in order to sustain the consistency of the solid waste
management implementation. To fortify the strategic plan by using their solid waste
management plan, LGUS’s must consider to review the need of improving their SWM plan
every 2 years, as mandated by the law, to ensure that the programs under this plan is still
suitable and flexible to the adaptive changes when it comes to solid waste management
concerns. Second, they must consider building prototypes that can submit to the other
government agencies and the citizens as well, so that they can collect other
recommendations from other sectors regarding what to improve within their plan. Lastly,
their plan must clearly express what are the following benefits or contributions that it can
add to the sectors it is working with.

(b) Information Dissemination through Participatory Planning using Technology

In relation to the information dissemination of Republic Act No. 9003 in Baliuag,

it can be concluded that the steps that Baliuag is implementing in disseminating this law to
its citizens are not only because of the intricacy of its components, but also because of the
lack of suitable and demonstrative seminars for environmental awareness, specifically solid
waste management. In order to resolve this concern for further encounters, it must put the
emphasis on participatory planning in solid waste management programs so that the
citizens themselves will have the opportunity to suggest their own solid waste management
initiatives and take their lead in voluntarily investing themselves to attend environmental
education.
 91

Based on the observations made, it is recommended that the city of Baliuag adopt
a more collaborative approach to solid waste management. This can be achieved by
involving citizens in participatory planning processes and providing them with
opportunities to suggest their own waste management initiatives. Furthermore, it is
important to prioritize environmental education programs and make them more accessible
to the public. By doing so, citizens can be empowered to take an active role in addressing
solid waste management challenges in their community.

In line with this, the government can leverage technology and digital platforms to
disseminate information and educate citizens about solid waste management. For instance,
the government can create mobile applications or social media accounts dedicated to solid
waste management that provide easy access to information, tips, and updates about
environmental initiatives. These platforms can also serve as a space for citizens to voice
their concerns, ask questions, and engage in discussions with government officials and
fellow citizens about environmental issues. Through social media, the government can also
launch online campaigns and challenges that encourage citizens to participate in
environmental activities and share their experiences with others.

By leveraging technology and digital platforms, the government can reach a wider
audience, especially the youth, who are more engaged in digital media. It can also help in
creating a culture of environmental responsibility and sustainability by fostering a sense of
community and collective action towards environmental issues.
 92

(c) Proposal for Budget Increase

The budget itself is one of the predicaments of the implementer, which results in
the pendency of programs. Moreover, the annual deficit report of the budget passed every
year is linked to the slow progress and inconsistencies with the projects that the local
government is implementing to fulfill its obligation under this law. A great law will not
be efficient and competitive if it does not draw enough attention from the local government
itself, especially in terms of funding.

As a recommendation, equal distribution of funds, and prioritizing its liquidation

will resolve the issues of its implementation because it will sustain the needs of each
program initiated by the CENRO and intended to evolve into a systematic, sufficient, and
effective procedure to reduce the number of solid wastes. Furthermore, it will also help
sustain the need for these programs, ensuring their continuity even after the current
administration ends. By prioritizing the liquidation of funds, the local government can
ensure that the programs are implemented in a timely and efficient manner, avoiding delays
and inconsistencies in their implementation. Moreover, the allocation of funds should be
based on a comprehensive assessment of the needs and priorities of the community. This
means that the budget allocation should be tailored to the specific needs of Baliuag City
and its residents. The funds should be used to support initiatives that are proven to be
effective and sustainable in the long run. Lastly, the government should also explore
alternative sources of funding, such as partnerships with private organizations or
international aid agencies. This will help supplement the government's budget and provide
additional resources to support the implementation of solid waste management programs.

Thus, a well-funded Solid Waste Management Act is crucial to its successful

implementation and to ensuring the success and sustainability of the initiatives. The equal
distribution and prioritization of the liquidation of funds, as well as the comprehensive
assessment of community needs and exploration of alternative funding sources, are
essential steps that the local government should take to address this issue.
 93

To perform the proper proposal for budget increase, it has been cited under the
Chapter 4 of this study that DENR already allocated the budget for the City Environmental
Offices per locality. As to such proposals for another budget and financial assistance, the
proposal must be in the form of a plan or report, which detailed the specific deliverables
and objectives of the said project they are asking for funds with. Afterwards, it will be first
submitted to the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee,up until the
Environmental Specialist Head of CENRO which known to be Mr. Edgar Luna, once
approved, the head of the CENRO will relay the proposal to the city solid waste
commission board up to the provincial solid waste management board to be delivered back
to the DENR for their approval for other budgetary aids.

POLICY RECOMMENDATION

As it has been mentioned in the preceding chapters, the existing Republic Act No.
9003 was enacted over two decades ago, and since then, there have been significant
changes in the economic and societal landscape of the country. Urbanization and rapid
population growth have led to an increase in the generation and handling of solid waste,
making it necessary to revisit this law to address the current needs of the community.
Furthermore, the current law's outdated provisions have caused many interrelated problems
such as inability to address new and emerging issues related to solid waste management
that hinder progress and innovation.

The proposed amendment is necessary to ensure that it remains relevant and

effective in addressing the current needs of the community. By updating, such as the fines
and penalties, it will cover the expenses incurred by the relevant agencies and personnel
and serve as a deterrent for non-compliance. Updating the provisions of the law will also
increase public participation and ensure that it is more suitable for the current solid waste
management needs of localities. Thus, revising and updating the outdated provisions of
Republic Act No. 9003 can help ensure that progress and innovation are not hindered by
legal barriers.
 94

To further visualize the suggested amendments being recommended by this study,

it must be highlighted that the amendment will be legislative in nature, as it will not require
a certain constitutional revision to amend it, only certain features of the law will be
amended. Moreover, the amendment will focus on the sections of its fines, penalties,
environmental education, roles of LGU’s & citizens, and lastly the collection of solid waste
management fees by utilizing other sources of funds that can be derived from the same and
associated kinds of waste or environmental concerns. The following amendment can be
mostly cited on Sections 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and Section 49. The other sections that will be
or might not be cited frequently under the proposed amendment will still serve as a second
considerable amendment.

After conducting extensive research and consulting with various stakeholders,

including experts and practitioners in waste management, the researchers have identified
several areas where Republic Act No. 9003 could be improved. The following are specific
recommendations:

1. Increase the Fines and Penalties

According to CENRO Baliuag, the existing penalties outlined in Section 49

of Republic Act No. 9003 may not sufficiently discourage violators from breaking
the law. To address this issue, it is recommended that the fines and penalties
stipulated in the law be reexamined to enhance their stringency in deterring
violations.

To give more justification on this suggested amendment, it can be cited in

the Chap 4 of this study, that in the first quarter of 2023, the Eco-Police squad of
the City of Baliuag, Bulacan already caught 100 persons violating the said law.
Thus, it posits an urge in leveling the fines since it is evident that most people are
still violating this law since it is not stringent for apprehensions.
 95

Furthermore, the provision mandating a 10% increase in fines every three

years should be strictly enforced to account for inflation and maintain the deterrent
function of the fines. It should be noted that the interviewees may not have been
aware of this percentage increase, as suggested by their recommendation to amend
the law. Therefore, while it is still necessary to mention this aspect, it could be
improved by emphasizing the need for its proper implementation. As to the actual
amount of the 10% increase, it can still be depend on what is the amount of the
designated fines under its, such as cited in the:
Section 49, par. (b)- Any person who violates;

Sec. 48, pars. (2) and (3), “..upon conviction be punished with a fine of not
less than three hundred pesos but not more than one thousand pesos or
imprisonment of not less than one day to not more than fifteen days or
both..”

Thus, if the 10% increase every three years will be implemented, the amount
of P300.00, shall correspond to P390.00 on the 3rd year, and the maximum fine
P1,000.00 will become P1,030.00 on the 3rd year.

2. Expansion of the Solid Waste Management Fund Sources

The Solid Waste Management Fund established under Section 46 of

Republic Act No. 9003 should be broadened in order for the local government of
Baliuag to afford procuring the necessary resources to create cost-effective ways to
manage solid waste. To do this, the following recommendation can be
implemented:
 96

● In addition to the fines and penalties imposed and the amounts specifically
appropriated for the Fund under the annual General Appropriations Act, the
Fund can also be sourced from other fees, such as those collected from waste
management facilities or from businesses that generate significant
amounts of solid waste.

3. Ensure Proper Collection of Solid Waste Management Fees

It has been cited on the Chapter II of this paper that section 47 of Republic
Act No. 9003 prescribes LGUs as being authorized to collect solid waste
management fees to pay for the costs of preparing, adopting, and implementing a
solid waste management plan. To ensure that these fees are being collected
properly and used for their intended purposes, the following recommendations can
be implemented:

● Bolstering the transparency in the Collection and Use of Fees: LGUs should
be required to publicly disclose the amounts collected from fees and how
they are being used to manage solid waste. This will enable citizens to
monitor and evaluate the performance of their LGUs in managing solid
waste.

● Establish a Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism: The National Solid

Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) should also establish a
monitoring and evaluation mechanism to ensure that LGUs are collecting
fees properly and using them for their intended purposes. This will enable
the Commission to identify best practices and areas for improvement in the
implementation of the fee collection system.
 97

4. Enhancing Citizen awareness through developed information dissemination

While the existing law mandates the implementation of a solid waste

management program at the national, regional, and local levels, it lacks clear
guidelines on the role and responsibilities of individual citizens in managing their
waste, nor does it provide specific mechanisms for disseminating information about
the law to the public. Therefore, to achieve these objectives, the following measures
can be adopted:

● Inclusion of Clear Guidelines on the Obligations of Citizens: By adding a

section that outlines the specific obligations of citizens, such as proper waste
segregation, reduction of waste generation, and responsible disposal of
hazardous waste, the law can promote greater public participation and
accountability in waste management.

As cited in the review of related literature of this study, the R.A. 9512
mandates all schools to be part of instructing environmental education as part of
their curricula. It was also cited under its Sec. 3, that the LGU's and other
government departments such as DENR, DILG, DSWD etc, must work
collaboratively to disseminate information about environmental awareness. It can
also help educate and raise awareness among the general public on the importance
of waste reduction and proper disposal, thus, promoting greater public participation
and accountability, as well as facilitating more effective implementation of the law
at the local level.
 98

● Strengthening Public Awareness and Understanding: The researchers have

found that there is still a weak grasp of understanding the law itself even
though the general public is aware of their responsibilities as a citizen which
was mandated by the law's provisions. This has led to challenges in the
implementation of the law, as well as limited public participation and cold
support. Therefore, by adding a new provision that requires the developed and
comprehensive information dissemination program, the law can build good
public feedback and understanding of its provisions amongst its citizens to
give importance to the concerns of waste management.

The program can include various strategies, such as public education

campaigns, workshops, and seminars, as well as the use of various media platforms,
including social media, to reach a wider audience. Moreover, the provision can also
require local government units to improve targeted informative programs that are
specific to their communities and tailored to the needs of different groups, such as
schools, businesses, and households.

It is important to note that the success of these recommendations will rely

heavily on the commitment and cooperation of all stakeholders, including the
government, the private sector, and individual citizens.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCHERS

After conducting a thorough analysis of the data and drawing conclusions from the
study, several recommendations are suggested by the researchers. These recommendations
aim to improve the existing solid waste management system in Baliuag as well as other
cities/municipalities and to address the challenges faced by the local governments in
managing solid waste effectively.
 99

1. Consider conducting a comparative study on the implementation of Republic Act

No. 9003 in other cities and municipalities in the Philippines to allow for a more
comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced in implementing the law and
the various approaches taken to address these challenges.

2. Investigate the factors that contributed to the progressive success of the

implementation of Baliuag's 10-year SWM plan, and use the findings to inform the
development of similar plans in other municipalities.

3. Conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Eco-Police program in Baliuag and its
impact of the deployment on solid waste management practices.

4. The effectiveness of the penalties provided in the law and the need for more
stringent penalties for non-compliance.

5. The effectiveness of the training and orientation provided to law enforcement

officers and other personnel involved in implementing the law.

6. The impact of changes in administration on the implementation of the law and the
need for continuity in waste management programs.

7. The effectiveness of citizen participation in promoting environmental sustainability

and effective SWM.

8. The effectiveness of the current SWM programs and incentives in Baliuag City.

9. The feasibility of implementing more innovative and cost-effective ways to manage

solid waste and potential amendments to Republic Act No. 9003 to allow for such
methods.

These topics could provide valuable insights for policymakers, government

officials, and community leaders in Baliuag City and other similar communities in the
Philippines in enhancing their solid waste management practices and complying with
Republic Act No. 9003.
 100

Moreover, by addressing these areas of interest, the future researchers can build
on the findings of this study and contribute to the development of more effective and
sustainable waste management practices in the Philippines.
 94

REFERENCES

Administrative Order - Ramos, F. (1993). Administrative Order No. 90, series of 1993: Creating
a project management office on solid waste management under the presidential task force
on Waste Management retrieved from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/A
O-1993-90.pdf

Challenges to the Solid Waste Sector. (n.d.) retrieved from https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-

a-waste/challenges_to_the_solid_waste_sector.html

Concepcion, V. F. (2022, October 13). SJDM, Baliwag villages top Bulacan Brgy. Environmental
Compliance Audit. Ronda Balita retrieved from https://rondabalita.net/50470/environ
ment/sjdm-baliwag-villages-top-bulacan-brgy-environmental-compliance-audit/

Congress of the Philippines (2001). Republic Act N0. 9003: Ecological waste Management Act
of 2001. Congress of the Philippines retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/20
01/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-s-2001/

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2001), DENR Administrative Order No. 34,
series of 2001: Implementing Rules and Regulation of Republic Act 9003 retrieved
from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/DAO-2001-34.pdf

Dhokhikah & Trihadiningrum, (2012). Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection

Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkozje))/reference/references
papers.aspx?referenceid=2829268

Environmental Management Bureau (2019). EMB Memorandum Circular No. 008, series of 2019:
Adopting the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) Resolution No.
669 Series of 2016 “Guidelines Governing the Establishment and Opera- tion of Waste-
To-Energy Technologies for Municipal Solid Waste retrieved from https://emb.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2019/11/EMB-MC-NO.-2019-008.pdf
 95

Gamaralalage, D. P. J. (2013b). Policy Implementation of the Republic Act (RA) 9003 in the
Philippines: A Case Study of Cebu City. IGES retrieved from https://www.iges.or.jp/en/
pub/policy-implementation-republic-act-ra-9003/en

Hondo, Arthur, & Gamaralalage (2020). Solid Waste Management in Developing Asia: Prioriti-
zing Waste Separation retrieved from https://www.think-asia.org/handle/11540/12832

Hogmon, R. (n.d.). Waste-Management-Spiel. Scribd. Retrieved from https://www. scribd.com/

document/541286266/Waste-Management-Spiel

Huhtala, A. (1999). How much do money, inconvenience and pollution matter? Analyzing house
holds» demand for large-scale recycling and incineration | Semantic Scholar.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-much-do-money,-inconvenience-and-pollutio
n-for-Huhtala/d8865383c83fde75221d7628811f7e1bb7c1a811

Janet, Macawile & Sia Su, Glenn. (2009). LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS PERCEPTIONS
AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
DASMARIÑAS, CAVITE, PHILIPPINES. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental
Sanitation retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44003980_LOCAL_G
OVERNMENT_OFFICIALS_PERCEPTIONS_AND_ATTITUDES_TOWARDS_SOLID
_WASTE_MANAGE MENT_IN_DASMARINAS_CAVITE_PHILIPPINES

Kliffer, J., & Tynan, S. (2014). Recommendations for Solid Waste Management in Plaridel,
Bulacan, The Philippines. Philippine Planning Studio Course, University of British
Columbia. Retrieved from: https://urbanizingwatersheds.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/sol
id_waste_management.pdf

Launching pilot eco-brick hub. (2020, May 29). Nestlé retrieved from https://www.nestle.com.ph/
stories/pilot-ecobrick-hub

Nicolas, J. (2018, January 25). Amendments to RA 9003 expected to hold manufacturers

responsible for plastic waste. Business World Online retrieved from https://www.bworld-
online.com/economy/2018/01/26/116193/amendments-ra-9003-expected-hold-manufactu
ers-responsible-plastic-waste/
 96

Philippine Information Agency (2012). Bulacan bans plastic use in the entire province retrieved
from http://www.science.ph/full_story.php?key=3494:bulacan-bans-plastic-use-in-entire-
province

Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (2021, April 2). An Analysis of Regulatory Policies
on Solid Waste Management in the Philippines: Ways Forward. Think Asia retrieved
from https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/13170

Ranada, P. (2015, October 6). Why PH is the world's 3rd biggest dumper of plastics in the ocean.
RAPPLER retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/science/108276-philippines-plastic
-pollution-ocean-conservancy-study/

Sapuay, G. (2015, August 17). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003): A
Major Step to Better Solid Waste Management in the Philippines retrieved from https://
www.academia.edu/14984467/Ecological_Solid_Waste_Management_Act_of_2000_
RA_9003_A_Major_Step_to_Better_Solid_Waste_Management_in_the_Philippines

Sensoneo. (2022, April 26). Global Waste Index 2019 | SENSONEO retrieved from https://senso
neo.com/global-waste-index-2019/

Terazone (2005). Solid Waste Management in Developing Asia: Prioritizing Waste Separation
retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/652121/adbi-pb2020-7.
pdf

Velez, Freddie C. (2018). ‘Palit Basura’ stores. PressReader retrieved from https:// www.pressrea
der.com/philippines/manila-bulletin/20180118/282063392378641

World Bank (2018). Solid Waste Management retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic

/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management
104
 105

Appendix A: Language Editing Certificate

Language Editing Certificate

This is to certify that the thesis titled “REVIEWING THE POLICY

IMPLEMENTATION AND ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION PRACTICES IN
BALIUAG, BULACAN PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 OR THE
"ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000", in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Legal
Management, has been edited for coherence, organization, and correct language
structure.

This certification is hereby issued upon the request of the researchers a proof that the
above cited thesis has undergone the required language editing.
 106

Appendix B: Certificate of Plagiarism Check 1

Certificate of Plagiarism Check

This is to certify that the thesis titled “REVIEWING THE POLICY

IMPLEMENTATION AND ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION PRACTICES IN
BALIUAG, BULACAN PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 OR THE
"ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000", in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Legal
Management, has been checked for plagiarism using Microsoft 356 Editor Similarity
Checker and has been found to meet the acceptable originality standards.
 107

Appendix C: Certificate of Plagiarism Check 2

Certificate of Originality

This is to certify that the undergraduate thesis with the title: “REVIEWING THE
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION PRACTICES IN
BALIUAG, BULACAN PURSUANT TO REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 OR THE
"ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000" written by
ANDRADA, DENISE ELIZA B., BLAS, LLOYD CEDRICK A., CORREA, MICA
MAE H., LACBAYAN, MA. VICTORIA C., MAGNO, ANGELICA MARIE M.,
MOLINA, MA. CHARLENE ANGELIKA P.,
TAMONDONG, REIN MARI F., VILLAROMAN, MARLA JAYE C., as part of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Legal Management at Bulacan State
University is an original work by the authors. This further certifies that the submission is
the work of the authors to the best of their knowledge and belief and does not contain
any material previously published or written by another person, except where due
acknowledgment is made in the thesis. This work has undergone plagiarism checking as
per university guidelines and has an originality rating of 85%, duly acceptable in the
university and national standards.

Attested by,

SAM RHOY B. DELA CRUZ, Ph.D. Candidate

Plagiarism Examiner
 108

Appendix D: Certificate of Plagiarism Check 2

 109

Appendix E: Certificate of Validation

CERTIFICATE OF VALIDATION

This is to certify that I have evaluated based on my expertise the instruments “In-
person interview” and “Survey” used by ANDRADA, DENISE ELIZA B., BLAS,
LLOYD CEDRICK A., CORREA, MICA MAE H., LACBAYAN, MA.
VICTORIA C., MAGNO, ANGELICA MARIE M., MOLINA, MA. CHARLENE
ANGELIKA P., TAMONDONG, REIN MARI F., VILLAROMAN, MARLA
JAYE C., 4th year Legal Management students of Bulacan State University – Main
Campus. I can attest for the fact that the questionnaire and in-person interview questions
underwent careful review and were found to be invaluable for their thesis titled:
“REVIEWING THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AND ADAPTIVE
EVOLUTION PRACTICES IN BALIUAG, BULACAN PURSUANT TO
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 OR THE "ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000".

Certified by:

MA. JASMINE MAE C. GATAN

Thesis Adviser
 110

Appendix F: Letter of Consent to the Department Head of CENRO-Baliuag

Republic of the Philippines

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education
City of Malolos, Bulacan

January 19, 2022

MR. EDGAR LUNA

City Environmental and Natural Resources Officer
Department Head, City Environment and Natural Resources Office of Baliuag, Bulacan

Makakalikasang pagbati!

We, the group of 4th year Legal Management students of Bulacan State University,
are writing this letter, as of our appreciation of your office’s expertise, to select your
department, for supplementing the grounds of our study. As part of the requirements for
our Methods of Legal Research and Writing subject, our group are currently working on a
research paper titled "Reviewing the Policy Implementation and Adaptive Evolution
Practices in Baliuag, Bulacan pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003, or the "Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000." Through this letter, the group would like to make the
subsequent activity, in conducting the face-to-face interview, as indicated within the prior
notice of enumerated activities that we had sought your approval of.

In lieu with this, we would also like to disclaim that this interview will also include
some additional follow-up questions that are not indicated on the first letter we had given,
as the prior set of questions on that said letter only consists of the background and broader
questions, thus supplementary questions must be given, in order to make the results more
accurate.
 111

We fully understand that this may take up a considerable amount of your time and
effort, and we would like to extend our sincerest gratitude in advance for any assistance
you are able to provide. Your insights would prove to be invaluable in the development of
this scholastic requirement, and will be kept confidential, as to the core of conducting this
study are only intended for academic purposes.

The results of this study will give full credits and recognition for all of your
responses, as with you, this research will become possible. It is our sincere hope that this
request receives thoughtful consideration.

As a confirmation of your approval and commitment to this letter that we are

intending to seek your approval for, your response can be affirmed by signing your
signature from the portion below:
 112

Respectfully Yours,

MARLA JAYE C. VILLAROMAN

Research Leader

Headed and noted by:

MS. MA. JASMINE GATAN

Thesis Adviser
 113

Appendix G: Letter of Consent to the City Mayor of Baliuag, Bulacan

Republic of the Philippines

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education
City of Malolos, Bulacan

January 19, 2022

HON. FERDINAND V. ESTRELLA

City Mayor
City of Baliuag, Bulacan

Makakalikasang pagbati!

We, the group of 4th year Legal Management students of Bulacan State University,
are writing this letter, as of our appreciation of your office’s expertise, to select your
department, for supplementing the grounds of our study. As part of the requirements for
our Methods of Legal Research and Writing subject, our group are currently working on a
research paper titled "Reviewing the Policy Implementation and Adaptive Evolution
Practices in Baliuag, Bulacan pursuant to Republic Act No. 9003, or the "Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000." Through this letter, the group would like to make the
subsequent activity, in conducting the face-to-face interview, as indicated within the prior
notice of enumerated activities that we had sought your approval of.

In lieu with this, we would also like to disclaim that this interview will also include
some additional follow-up questions that are not indicated on the first letter we had given,
as the prior set of questions on that said letter only consists of the background and broader
questions, thus supplementary questions must be given, in order to make the results more
accurate.
 114

We fully understand that this may take up a considerable amount of your time and
effort, and we would like to extend our sincerest gratitude in advance for any assistance
you are able to provide. Your insights would prove to be invaluable in the development of
this scholastic requirement, and will be kept confidential, as to the core of conducting this
study are only intended for academic purposes.

The results of this study will give full credits and recognition for all of your
responses, as with you, this research will become possible. It is our sincere hope that this
request receives thoughtful consideration.

As a confirmation of your approval and commitment to this letter that we are

intending to seek your approval for, your response can be affirmed by signing your
signature from the portion below:

HON. FERDINAND V. ESTRELLA

Respectfully Yours,

MARLA JAYE C. VILLAROMAN

Research Leader

Headed and noted by:

MS. MA. JASMINE GATAN

Thesis Adviser
 115

Appendix H: Sample of Research Questionnaire for the City Mayor of Baliuag,

Department Head of CENRO-Baliuag, and other officers-in-charge of
CENRO-Baliuag

1. Bago po nagkaroon ng R.A. 9003, ano po ang lagay ng solid waste management
ng Baliuag?

1.1. Sino ang mga namahala noon at paano po ang paraan ng kanilang
pagma-manage?

2. Noong nagkaroon po ng batas tungkol sa Solid Waste Management, mayroon po

bang naging mga pagbabago sa SWM ng Baliuag?

3. Noong mga panahong iyon, anu-anong pagsubok po ang pinagdaanan ng Baliuag

pagdating sa implementasyon ng batas?

3.1. May mga probisyon ba ito na mahirap isagawa noong mga oras na
iyon?

3.2. May mga probisyon na sa tingin niyo ay hindi naaangkop sa bayan

niyo?

3.3. O di kaya naman po, ano sa tingin ninyo ang mga naging pagkukulang
ng mga nakaatas sa implementasyon upang maging epektibo ang batas na
ito sa inyong bayan?

4. Ano po ang mga hakbang na ginawa nyo para makumbinsi ang mga mamamayan
ng Baliuag na makilahok sa SWM plan nyo?

5. Kailan po nagsimula ang unti-unting pagiging sibilisado ng Baliuag pagdating

dito?

5.1. Sino ang mga namahala noon at paano ninyo/nila ipinatupad ang
batas?
 116

6. Sa pagkakataon na nagkakaroon ng panibagong grupo ng awtoridad na nakaatas sa

mga alintuntunin ng pagiging miyembro ng LGU ng Baliuag, ano-ano po sa tingin
ninyo ang mga nagigng implikasyon pagdating sa pamamahala ng mga batas, lalo
na sa Solid Waste Management?

7. Ngayon na kayo na po ang mga taong responsable pagdating sa pamamahala, ano-

ano ang mga kasalukuyang ipinatutupad niyo sa mga mamamayan upang mas
makapagbigay ng tulong para makamit ang kalinisan ng inyong bayan?

7.1. Itinuloy niyo po ba ang mga naging programa ng mga nagdaang

opisyal na ito o kayo ay nagsagawa ng panibagong plano upang mas mapa-
igting ang R.A. 9003?

8. Sa inyong 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan, lahat po ba ng plano niyo na

nakasaad doon ay nasusunod o di kaya ay natutupad?

9. Mayroon po bang mga idinagdag na kasanayan o praktis upang mas maging

epektibo ang batas?
 117

Appendix I: Sample of Research Survey for the citizens of City of Baliuag, Bulacan

A. PUBLIC AWARENESS
1. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan sa batas na Republic Act No. 9003 o kilala sa tawag na
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000?
2. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan sa iyong responsibilidad bilang residente ng Baliuag
ayon sa batas na nabanggit sa unang tanong?
3. Nababatid mo ba ang mga taong nasa likod ng implementasyon ng Solid Waste
Management?
4. Ikaw ba ay may kamalayan na mayroong karampatang parusa sa lahat ng lumalabag
sa batas na Republic Act. No. 9003?
5. Bilang residente ng Baliuag, ikaw ba ay may kamalayan sa mga programa na
ipinatutupad ng inyong lungsod patungkol sa Solid Waste Management tulad ng
mga sumusunod sa ibaba. (Piliin lahat ng programa kung saan ikaw ay may
kamalayan.)
a. a. Palit Basura Program
b. b. Vendo Machine Refilling Station
c. c. No Segregation, No Collection Policy
d. d. 6 Containers of Trash Bin on each house
e. e. Single Use of Plastic Ban
f. f. Wala sa nabanggit
6. Ikaw ba ay may kaalaman sa Executive Orders ng Baliuag kung saan ipinagbabawal
ang a. Pagtatapon ng basura sa mga estero o kanal na nasa harap ng bawat bahay,
mga bangketa at kalsada, maging ito ay pambarangay, pambayan at pambansa, at
mga bakanteng lote na pag-aari ng pribadong tao at sa gilid o kanal na daluyan ng
tubig; b. Anumang pagsasagawa ng junk shops or junk recovery establishments sa
gilid ng mga patubig sa Baliuag; c. Pagtatapon ng basura (fly tipping) sa mga tabing
kalsada at sa mga daanan ng sasakyan. d. Walang Kamalayan
7. Ikaw ba ay may kaalaman tungkol sa Kautusang Bayan na pinangalanang “No
Segregation, No Collection Policy”, kung saan nakasaad dito ang mahigpit na
pagbabawal sa Open Dumping of Garbage (pagtatapon ng basura sa mga lugar na
hindi dapat) at ang hindi wastong paghihiwalay ng mga basura ay may
karampatang parusa na Php 500 - Php1500?
 118

B. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

1. Gaano ka kadalas makilahok o dumalo sa mga programa tulad ng mga seminars o

webinars ng inyong barangay o bayan?

2. Bilang isang mamamayan ng lungsod ng Baliuag na may batas na inaanyayahan

ang mga mamamayan nito na magsagawa ng paghihiwalay ng basura bago itapon
(Waste Segregation), gaano kadalas ang iyong pagsunod sa nasabing batas?

3. Sa inyong bayan ay may mga programang inilunsad ang mga awtoridad na

nakabatay sa Solid Waste Management. Bilang isang residente sa bayan ng
Baliuag, nasubukan mo na ba gamitin o gawin ang mga kinikilalang programa na
nakalista sa ibaba: (Piliin lahat ng programang angkop sa iyong karanasan.)

a. Palit Basura Program

b. Vendo Machine Refilling Station
c. No Segregation, No Collection Policy
d. 6 Containers of Trash Bin on each house
e. Single Use of Plastic Ban
f. Wala pa akong karanasan sa nabanggit
 119

Appendix J: Transcript of Answers (Department Head of CENRO-Baliuag)

WHEN: January 17, 2023

WHERE: City of Baliuag, Bulacan
INFORMANT: Mr. Edgar Luna of CENRO Baliuag

Rein: Magandang araw! Kami ay mag-aaral ng Bachelor of Science in Legal Management

ng Bulacan State University – Malolos Campus. Ang mga makukuhang impormasyon sa
gaganaping research interview ay magiging malaking tulong at
mananatiling confidential na lamang sa pag-aaral na pinamagatang “Reviewing the
Policy Implementation and Adaptive Evolution Practices in Baliuag, Bulacan, Philippines
pursuant to Republic Act no. 9003 or the "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000". Nandito kami upang magsagawa ng ilang mga katanungan kay G. Edgard Luna –
Punong Tagapamahala ng City Environmental and Natural Resources Office of City of
Baliuag, Bulacan, kaugnay sa kanilang matagumpay na implementasyon ng Solid Waste
Management. Upang pormal na simulan, ipinakikilala ko si Binibining Mica Mae H.
Correa.

Mica: Magandang tanghali po! Ang una ko pong tanong sir ay bago po magkaroon ng
R.A. No. 9003 o Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, ano ba ang lagay ng Solid
Waste Management ng Baliuag?

G. Edgar Luna: Yung R.A. No. 9003, nag-start ‘yan noong 2000. So, nabuo ‘yung office
ng environment noong year 2016 by Executive Order ni Mayor Ferdie. So, ‘yung previous
noon and wala pa ako that time, ang tanging office noon ay sa garbage collector and street
sweeper and sila ang namamahala that time. So, ang basura noon ay magmula sa bahay ay
dadalhin sa sanitary landfill dahil ‘yon ang nakalagay sa batas.
 120

That time mayroon ng recovery facility ang Baliuag na proyekto ni Romeo Estrella so ‘yon
ang naging processing area. So that time, collection and after collection ay dadalhin sa
dump site na accredited ng DENR pero that time, bawal kasi ang open dump site. Ang
tanging solid waste office muna o ‘yung namamahala that time.

Rein: Sino po ang namamahala noon at paano po ang pamamahala?

G. Edgar Luna: Kagaya ng nabanggit ko kanina, ang namamahala ng collection ay

garbage collectors and street sweepers. So, ang pamamahala nila – kokolektahin sa bahay
at dadalhin sa accredited landfill. So, wala pa nung mga about segregation. Hindi pa ganoon
ka-strict implementation na naka-ayon sa batas pero unti-unti na ring pinapakilala dahil
‘yung 9003 ay year 2000 pa. So, kinakailangan na sumunod kami sa 9003.

Marla: Kagaya po nung sinabi niyo po na dati na wala pang mga batas, anu-ano po ‘yung
mga ordinances na mismong nagawa niyo?

G. Edgar Luna: May batas na noon since naabutan siya. Year 2000 kasi MRF naming na
luma so, naabutan siya since ginawa ‘yung MRF noong mayroon ng batas na kinakailangan
na mayroong segregation.

Marla: Pero hindi pa po ‘yon nakabase sa 9003?

G. Edgar Luna: Nakabase na rin doon kasi ‘yung basis at pinagmulan noon ay year 2000
kasi Republic Act no. 9003. So year 2000 siya nabuo. So sila during that time dahil
nirequire ng batas na mayroong MRF, doon sila nagbase. Pero kami during 1997, may
ordinansa na, na bawal magkalat. So ‘yung “Tapat ko, Linis ko.” Pero inamyendahan siya
na gumawa ng Solid Waste Management Ordinance noong 2005, ‘yung comprehensive.
 121

Kagaya ng bawal magsunog, bawal magsunog sa bakanteng lote, year 2005 siya na-create
and then year 2021, binuo naman namin ‘yung Baliuag Environmental Code, so
comprehensive siya at nandoon lahat ng ordinansa kagaya ng Green Building, ano ‘yung
gagawin ng mga establishment para sa environment, ano ‘yung tamang segregation, no
plastic ordinance, no styro, nandoon siya lahat.

Rein: Pangalawamg tanong naman po, noon pong nagkaroon ng batas patungkol sa Solid
Waste Management, mayroon po bang pagbabago sa Solid Waste Management ng
Baliuag?

G. Edgar Luna: Kagaya nga ng napag-usapan natin, kasi yung batas maganda siya
actually kung i-implement ng lahat. Very comprehensive, yung aim ng batas ay talagang
zero waste. So, pinatupad namin that time noong 2016 up to now. Accepted naman ng mga
tao pero kailangan yung tamang approach. So, yung implementation naming that time ay
step-by-step lang at hindi yung buong Baliuag ay kailangan segregated na. During that
time, mayroon lang pilot barangay muna, pilot street na kailangan mag invest sa
environmental education kasi kailangan ipakilala naming ang R.A. 9003, anu-ano ba ang
nakasaad sa batas na iyon at paano naming ipapa-implement sa lipunan.

Rein: Noon pong mga panahon na iyon, ano po ang mga pagsubok o mga naranasan o
pinagdaanan ng Baliuag pagdating sa implementasyon ng batas?

G. Edgar Luna: Una siyempre mga tao, hindi, nagtatapon lang e, nagtatapon, nagsisiga,
babato sa ilog, sa ano-

Rein: Sa estero.

G. Edgar Luna: So iyun yung challenge samin. Unang challenge samin na una, ayaw
nilang um-attend ng environmental education.
 122

Rein: Ng Seminar.

G. Edgar Luna: Seminar, kasi ‘yon ‘yung nakasanayan na pwede namang sigaan, pwede
nilang ibaon, pwede namang itapon sa estero, sa patubig sa ilog. So kaya ‘yung 10 year
solid waste management plan, dinugtungan namin s’ya ng research. So ‘yung research
do’n nakalagay ‘yung adaption, acceptability, level of awareness. Para malaman namin
kung ano ba ‘yung pwede naming ibigay sa grassroot levels sa barangay na presentation.
Ano ba ‘yung gusto nila malaman. So nung nakuha namin ‘yung data na ‘yon, saka namin
inano yung strategy namin. So may target na area, may target na specific na ages, may
target na grupo. Example, inactive namin ‘yung barangay ecological solid waste
management board.

Rein: Ahh wala po ‘yon sa 9003 po yun.

G. Edgar Luna: Ah nandoon sa 9003. Kinakailangan kasi, mayroon tayong municipal o

city solid waste management board so hindi lang kami. Grupo sya ng mga NGO ng mga
office na kasama. So kami, nag-iisip ng programa. Secretariat and CENRO, MENRO. Sa
barangay, may barangay ecological solid waste management board na nakakalimutan
during that time kasi and priority ng barangay at that time, nutrition, disaster, peace and
order, so unti-unti naming pinakilala na mahalaga rin ‘to. Na board na ‘to. So kinakailangan
mayroon silang mga list project nai-implement sa barangay. So mayroon na, nagawa na
namin iyon. Pero hindi ganoon kadali dahil ‘yung mga barangay nasanay na ito yung pondo
para sa SK, ‘to ‘yung pondo para sa rescue, ito ‘yung pondo para sa.

Rein: Hindi sya priority.

G. Edgar Luna: Yes. Saka limited lang ‘yung pondo. And then sa barangay, ginawa
namin, nagkaroon kami ng green governance seminar. So pinapunta namin lahat dito ‘yung
barangay para ma-tackle ano ba ‘yung role ng barangay, ng munisipyo at ng mga
household. Kasi hindi lahat sa munisipyo.
 123

Ayon sa batas, ang tanging role ng munisipyo ay kolektahan ang receivable at toxic solid
waste. Ibig sabihin ‘yung mga wala ng pakinabang na basura. Mga diaper, mga ganoon.
Ayon ang role namin, na dalhin sa landfill. Ang role naman ng barangay is collected,
collection ng nabubulok, segregated, recyclable at other waste. Role nila ‘yon. So ang
naging problema sa ‘min that time, kami lahat humahakot. So in-introduce namin sa
barangay na sila ‘yon. Naintindihan nila ‘yon, naglagay sila ng mga programa, ano mga
kailangan nilang target. Then do’n sa household, ang naging problema namin, hindi sila,
hindi nila accept ‘yung ganoong segregation, hindi rin gaano kataas ‘yung awareness nila
about 9003. Kaya kami nagkaroon kami ng environmental education team, na sila ang
trabaho lang is mag-ikot, magturo, ipakilala ‘yung sa batas. And dahil doon nabuo rin ‘yung
mga programa. Hindi pwede kasi na that time, bawal magkalat, bawal magsiga, bawal
magtapon. Ngayon nag-isip kami ng programa. Ano ‘yung pwedeng support na susundin
ng mga tao sa baliuag.

So bali sa research, ages 45 ang naiiwan sa bahay. Sila ‘yung mga nagluluto,
namamalengke, sila ‘yung madalas naiiwan na nagluluto, syempre ‘yung mga pinagbalatan
sila yung nagtatapon. Sila yung mataas ‘yung generated waste. Kaya nabuo namin ‘yung
palit basura sa barangay ‘yon ay pondo ng city government na nagbibigay kami ng palit
basura store, ka-tie up ang PESO. So halimbawa ang tindahan 5 years na. willing s’ya mag-
attend sa ‘min ng mga seminar training, gusto n’ya maging palit basura store ‘yung
tindahan n’ya, bibigyan namin s’ya ng worth 15 thousand grocery tsaka pangalan. Ano ba
yung palit basura. ‘Yung palit basura, lahat kasi napansin namin sa data ng 10 year plan na
45% recyclable ng basura namin, which is ‘pag nakuha namin ‘yon, less na ‘yon ng
dadalhin namin sa landfill. 40% ata o 38% is bio-waste ‘yon ‘yung pwedeng ibaon. So
nag-focus muna kami sa recyclable at sa mga naiiwan sa bahay na syang pwede ring mag-
educate sa mga nasa bahay din nila so nabuo ‘yung palit basura.
 124

So ‘yon, palit basura pupunta ka sa tindahan dalhin mo ‘yung mga recyclable madalas mga
sachet, bote, plastic, dyaryo punta ka tindahan kailangan mo ng shampoo, palit mo ‘yon,
may equivalent kunyari ‘yung bote sampung piraso ng bote ng gin, sabihin natin P5, kapalit
noon sunsilk, creamsilk mga ganoon so nabuo ‘yon para ‘yung target ng ganoong age at
the same time, makikita mo ‘yung tarpaulin, ‘yung palitan paano bako magpapalit,
sasabihin nung may-ari mag-segregate ka. Paano kayo magse-segregate, ihiwalay n’yo
‘yung basura. So para maging katulong namin ‘yung area na ‘yon para mag-information
dissemination. Siyempre uuwi sa bahay o ipunin n’yo na ‘to kesa itapon n’yo, so ganon
‘yung naging pagpapakilala namin sa 9003, na kahit papano alam na nila na may batas na
segregation so iyon ‘yung target sa ganoong ages.

Sa ages naman ng mga katulad nating mga bata, ang naging approach namin is may load
sa basura so ganoon lang din, palit lang din may equivalent points. Kunwari isang kilong
dyaryo, equivalent to 15 pesos load. Papalitan namin para ‘yung ages natin na kunyari 10-
30 years old gano’n ‘yung target namin do’n. Sa elementary, palit basura sa paaralan, para
‘yung ages 3 pataas sasabihin nila sa bahay nila mommy mag-segregate ka, papalitan
namin ng notebook ballpen para lahat nung age group dito ma-encourage namin at kahit
konti lang tumatatak sa kanila na mahalaga ‘yung segregation na ito yung segregation. So
do’n namin pinakilala ‘yung segregation.

After noon tsaka kami naglibot sa mga bahay sa mga mall. Una siyempre ‘yung
nakasanayan, nabubulok ‘di nabubulok pero ‘di nasusunod kasi mahirap, tamad so
pinakilala namin ‘yung mga programa. Binago namin sa Baliuag, ginawa naming apat na
category: nabubulok, ‘di nabubulok, recyclable and toxic and hazardous waste. ‘Di pa rin
nasunod. Napansin namin base sa research analysis, ‘yung recyclable marami s’yang item
pa, ‘pag sinabing recyclable nandyan ‘yung plastic na bote, babasagin, papel, dyaryo ano
pa ba mga gulong mga sachet, from two ginawang four, ginawa naming 8 classification.
Eight or six, kasi sa Japan dose ‘yung basurahan nila. Iba ‘yung lalagyan ng plastic iba
‘yung tin can iba ‘yung ano. Sabi nila kasi noong nagdi-discuss, nalilito sa recyclable at sa
‘di nabubulok. So ginawa namin naging aspecific kami sa isang bahay kailangan anim
 125

‘yung basurahan, ‘pag ganito, sabihin natin sa’n ‘to magkakasama ‘yung papel. Kasi ‘yung
iba kasi ‘pag sinabing recyclable pagsasama-samahin. Minsan ‘yung bote ng toyo may
katas, makakatasan ‘yung papel, akala nila basura na. So nagkakaroon ng
misunderstanding. So ngayon, from 2-4 naging 9 ‘yung classification, iyon na ‘yung
ini-implement namin. Sa Baliuag. Pero hindi pa ‘yung buong area, may mga pilot muna.

Marla: Itatanong ko lang po about sa research na nabanggit po ninyo, ano po ‘yon, ‘yung
research na sa Baliuag?

G. Edgar Luna: ‘Yung research na ‘yon, for Baliuag only lang pero thesis ko ‘yon sa
Master’s na supporting documents siya sa program ng 10-Years Solid Waste Management
Plan. Kasi ‘yung plan, more on data lang pero ‘yung sa research ay kung paano namin
i-implement ‘yung mga program.

Rein: Bale, sinabi niyo po na in-introduce niyo po ‘yung apat na classification hanggang
sa naging anim, hanggang sa naging siyam. Ano po ‘yun? Sinabi niyo lang po sa kanila
na kailangan ganito yung segregation nila o kailangan ng ganitong basurahan?

G. Edgar Luna: Mayroon munang inilabas na Executive Order, Memo, Letter na sa

ganitong panahon ay ganito na ang classification. Nagbigay lang kami ng sample layout ng
nabubulok, hindi nabubulok, recyclable, toxic and hazardous waste, medical waste o ‘yung
mga COVID-19 related waste since dinagdag kasi namin ‘yan. Tapos sila na ang bahala
mag provide.

Marla: Bale, sa office po galing ‘yung idea?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo.

Mica: Bale ang susunod ko pong tanong, nasabi n’yo nga po na mahirap i-perfect ‘yung
R.A. No. 9003, ngayon po roon po ba sa R.A. No. 9003 may mga certain provision po ba
roon na naging para sa inyo na isagawa?
 126

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. Lalo na ‘yung “no open dumpsite” kasi marami sa area kasi ‘pag
sinabi kasing open dump, kapag lumagpas ng 24 hours ‘yung basura, considered as open
dump site na ‘yon. So, during that time, siyempre naabutan lang namin at walang
nagpo-police dati, so madami kaming naabutan na ganoong area. So, R.A. No. 9003, no
open dump site dapat so kaya nabuo rin ‘yung “Clean-Up Drive”. Mayroon kaming Clean-
Up Drive, ang focus naman no’n ay linisin ang ganoong area. Ang mahirap sa R.A. No.
9003 is yung pagfi-file ng case. Halimbawa, nagkalat, nagtapon, nagsiga. Pero sa amin,
ginagawa naming ‘yon dahil mayroon kaming Eco-Police na nag-iikot sa bayan area.
‘Yung mga sa smoking, nagtapon, nagkalat, ‘yung mga establishment na nagtatapon ng
liquid waste. May ganoong nahuhuli and then ticket ‘yon.

Rein: Saan po nila babayaran?

G. Edgar Luna: Sa munisipyo. Halimbawa, nahuli kayo na nagtapon kayo. Ang first
penalty no’n is 500, then 1,500 and 2,500. Hanggang 2,500 lang kapag munisipyo.
Mayroon din kaming pina-file na case laban sa mga nagkakalat. ‘Yon naman, kapag ‘yung
kinalat mo ay sobrang dami. Ang case namin palagi ay sa isang tricycle. So, nag-file
kami ng case, sa unang taon talo kami dahil kulang kami sa evidence, sa mga picture, may
nag-testify na eco-police so talo pa rin kami. Nakakalungkot siyempre dahil napahiya kami
sa hinuli namin dahil kahit nagkalat siya, hinuli namin pero talo kami. Pangalawang taon,
nahuli ulit ng eco-police namin, talo ulit kami dahil kulang naman sa video.

So, nakakalungkot kasi kahit nasa batas naman, sa buong Bulacan kami lang ang
nagfi-file ng case. Maraming nagci-cite na nahulili at babayaran na kapag nahuli kaya
kukunin ‘yung I.D, maraming ganoon sa Bulacan pero kami lang ang nagfi-file ng case
against them. Pangatlong taon, nakahuli ulit kami and nanalo na kami. Na-perfect na namin
‘yung mga pagkakamali at kakulangan noon so ang nakakalungkot ay masyadong mababa
‘yung bail which is 8,000 pesos.
 127

So, mas malaki pa ‘yung ginagastos namin sa pagpunta sa RTC. So, nakapag-bail and
nakalabas so ang kinakailangan sa R.A. No. 9003 ay taasan ‘yung penalty sa tsaka period,
kung habang buhay ba siya makukulong, 10 years, parang ganoon. So, ang ginagawa namin
para hindi na kami maabala ulit, mas okay siguro ‘yung pag ticket na ginagawa namin
which is kikita pa ‘yung Local Government. Pero ngayon, minimal na lang ‘yung
nagkakalat kasi may nasa-sample-an na. So, ang mga nagkakalat na lang ay ‘yung mga
dayo. ‘Yon ‘yung parang naging challenge namin sa pag-implement ng 9003. ‘Yung open
dump site, ‘yung segregation, tsaka ‘yung pagfi-file ng case na masyadong mababa,
kailangan i-amend ‘yung batas. Biruin mo 8,000, kaya natin ipangutang para makalaya
pero nakulong ‘yung nahuli, ‘yun nga lang ang tagal ng proseso. Halimbawa, actual naming
nahuli at kinuha namin ang sasakyan, makukulong pero tatakbo ‘yung kaso pero
nakakalungkot kasi yung bail is 8,000. Kapag na-compute mo ‘yung pagkain, pamasahe,
mas marami pa ‘yung gastos. ‘Yung una at pangalawang case, kulang kami ng evidence
kahit na nandoon na at naghuli na ng actual.

Marla: Tatlong taon po ‘yon na sunod-sunod?

G. Edgar Luna: Apat na taon. Mayroon pang isa na naka-pending pa. ‘Yon din, ang
problema rin ay walang nakatutok na pulis. Parang bago rin sa kasamahan nating PNP
‘yung ganitong sitwasyon. Noong unang try namin, dinala namin ‘yon tapos parang ano
ang gagawin namin? Binigyan na lang namin sila ng batas, ayon na-perfect naman pero
siyempre wala naman gaano nagfi-file about R.A. No. 9003.

Rein: Parang bago lang po sa kanila?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, kasi diba ang palaging practice ng pulis ay carnapping, rape, yung
talagang mga crime. Ito kasi bago, diba? Walang nagpu-pulis talaga about this kind of law.
Ayon, noong na-introduce na naming kapag talagang nahuli naming, diretso na agad sa
kanila. Alam na nila ‘yon.
 128

Rein: Bali po, sir. Paano po ‘yung Eco-Police kapag manghuhuli and may ticketing?
Pwede pong pa-elaborate noong process?

G. Edgar Luna: Uhhm, ‘yung eco-police namin ‘yon ‘yung staff naming na dumaan sa
training kung paano mang huli, ano ‘yung mga batas, at kapag nahuli kayo, sa first offense
pwede pa pagbigyan pero kapag malalang first offense, ticket ‘yon. So, ti-ticket-
an ka, kukunin ‘yung I.D mo, pangalan mga gano’n. And then, magbabayad ka sa City
Hall, minsan naman kapag nagkalat ka na naka-motor ka, i-impound namin ‘yung sasakyan
mo at tutubusin mo siya and babayaran mo as community service.
Rein: Mayroon po ba kayo na nati-ticket-an and hindi nagbabayad?

G. Edgar Luna: Wala pa naman. Ang problema minsan siyempre nasa mundo kami ng
pulitika, lalapit kay Mayor, lalapit sa ganito… Pero hindi napagbibigyan minsan, minsan
napagbibigyan pero community service ang kapalit. Halimbawa, inilapit kay Mayor and
binigyan ka ng discount na 500 pesos. Pero kami, paglilinisin namin siya para ipa-realize
na “ganito ‘yung tinapon mo.”

Marla: Sa community service po, saan po and gaano po katagal?

G. Edgar Luna: Kung saan siya nagtapon.

Rein: Tapos ilang oras po ‘yon?

G. Edgar Luna: Hanggang sa malinis n’ya.

Mica: Mayroon po ba provision na nasa R.A. No. 9003 na sa tingin niyo po hindi angkop
sa Bayan ng Baliuag?
 129

G. Edgar Luna: Hindi lang sa Baliuag, actually dapat idagdag sa R.A. No. 9003 ‘yung
pag-create ng office ng environment. Kasi mapapansin niyo sa kung mababasa niyo sa
Local Government Code ng buong Pilipinas, optional lang yung environment office. Ibig-
sabihin, pwedeng wala at pwedeng mayroon. Kaya walang tumututok sa batas na ‘yan,
walang office na priority ‘yan. Ang nangyayari ay under ng Engineering ng MENRO,
under ng MPDC, at under ng Mayor’s Office. Pero hindi naka-focus dito. Ayun ‘yung
parang siguro idagdag na lang natin sa batas. Kailangan mag-create rin sila ng office na
tututok para sa environment. Kaya siguro lumala nang lumala iyong problema ever since
walang tumutok. Hanggang ngayon na hindi pa rin siya priority. So, mapapansin niyo na
kapag city, required. Kapag LGU, depende sa budget ng LGU… pwedeng mayroon,
pwedeng wala. So, inilalaban namin na lahat ng City at LGU na required na may
environment office at least lima o sampung tao para tumutok sa mga batas kaya siguro
ganito kadumi ang Pilipinas kasi walang tumututok. Walang office dahil hindi priority
dahil nasa Local Government Code na optional. Hindi kagaya ng budget office, accounting
office, agriculture diba? ‘Yung disaster, office na siya. Yung sa youth office, may batas na.
‘Yung peso may batas na pero ‘yung environment wala, optional lang depende sa Mayor.
So, swerte kami dahil priority ng Mayor namin ang environment. Kaya nakakapag-
implement kami ng mga batas na under namin.

Rein: Base po sa mga sinabi ninyo, may nakikita po ba kayo na pagkukulang sa

implementasyon ng batas para maging epektibo?

G. Edgar Luna: Sa amin, sa experience namin ang kulang sa amin siyempre gusto namin
i-implement ‘yung total segregation kaso nagkukulang kami sa garbage truck. Mas madali
kasi i-implement kapag 1 truck per barangay. So, base sa mga binigyan namin ng truck,
madali nila nai-implement kasi solo nila. ‘Yung iba naming barangay kasi 1 is to 3 or 1 is
to 2. Halimbawa, 1 truck sa dalawa o tatlong barangay. Kapag napuno na sa isang barangay,
hindi na mahahakutan ‘yung pangalawa. So, ‘yon ‘yung nasa badget namin. Target namin
up to 2024 na 1 truck per barangay kasi iba schedule ng hapon, iba schedule ng umaga.
Halimbawa, kapag Monday ay nabubulok. Paano kapag napuno na sa isang
 130

barangay ‘yung nabubulok? Tuesday doon pa lang sila sa Barangay B. So, hindi
mahahakutan ‘yung Barangay B. So, ‘yon ‘yung nagiging problem naming kaya
in-improve namin ‘yung number of trucks and then ‘yung practices nila na minsan okay,
minsan hindi na okay. Minsan active ‘yung barangay, minsan hindi na. Kaya parang ‘yun
‘yung nagiging problem namin kaya bumuo kami ng bagong system na Barangay
Incentives Program. ‘Yung namayaning barangay, ‘yung Best Environmental Project.
Kung sino-sino ‘yung mga nag-i-implement, may reward sa LGU para ma-encourage sila.
Kasi hindi pwede na laging “bawal ‘yan”, etc. Kasi sawa na tayo sa ganyan. Halimbawa,
sa LTO nanghuhuli ng mga walang helmet. Kami naman, binibigyan namin ng helmet.
Kaya ganoon ang ginagawa namin kaysa pagbawalan, pero nandoon pa rin ‘yung ticket o
panghuhuli.

Rein: Sabi niyo nga po nasho-short kayo sa budget and financial, paano niyo po kaya
nakukuha o saan niyo po kinukuha ‘yung mga budget?

G. Edgar Luna: Sa ano kasi, sa Local Government mayroon lang kaming target budget.
Example, mayroon lang kaming 500 million. Sa 500 million, estimated lang na 40% ang
pampa-sweldo sa 60% ilan kaming office. Halimbawa, mayroon kaming 48 offices.
Idi-divide ‘yon kasi 5% of the total budget of the LGU sa risk management of sa disaster
office, required ‘yon ng batas and then mayroon pa kaming 20% na development fund. Sa
paggawa ng mga building, kalsada. ‘Yung iba siyempre may priority ang Rural Health
Unit, may priority ang nutrition, may priority ang Mayor’s Office. So, hinihimay-himay
lang kaya hindi namin mabili agad totally kasi mahal. Ngayon, mayroon sa 10-Year Solid
Waste Management Plan kung mababasa niyo, ‘yung target na bilhin kada taon. So, up to
2027 dapat nabili na namin lahat ‘yon. So, nakalagay doon sa 10-Year plan na ito ‘yung
kailangan i-budget. So, unti-unti lang pero nanghihingi rin kami minsan sa National
Government. Halimbawa, magg-grant sila ng machine, magg-grant ng ganito. Parang
ganyan.
 131

Mica: Bukod po ro’n sa mga nabanggit n’yo na, ano pa po ba ‘yung ibang hakbang na
ginawa n’yo para makumbinsi po ‘yung mga tao na sumunod do’n po sa solid waste
management bukod po (palit-basura), sa mga naunang n’yo nang nabanggit kanina?

G. Edgar Luna: ‘Yung power of social media, kasi tayo gusto natin nap-post tayo at
nabibigyan ng pagpapahalaga. Clean-up drive naman, dati kami lang naglilinis talaga.
Halimbawa, kayo, ‘yung grupo n’yo sumali kayo sa ‘min, pi-picture-an namin,
do-document namin ipo-post namin ‘yon, makikita ngayon ng mga classmate n’yo, ita-
tag nila kayo (at) mae-encourage sila, ma-recognize. Kunyari, pamilya ganito ni ganito, ni
maam, ‘lika, (sali tayo). ginamit namin ang social media (para) ma-encourage silang mag-
clean-up drive, mag-tree planting. Tapos iba pa ito sinimulan namin ‘yung environmental
award ng school, ng group ng school, ng household, ng barangay, ng establishment, lahat
ng sector. Tapos ‘yung mga previous namin na mga palit-basura, mga environmental
education ano na sa ‘min ‘yan, parang regular program na namin ‘yan.

Ang iu-update namin ngayon example ‘yung paano namin mababawasan ‘yung plastic,
(single-use plastic). So ano kami nag-introduce kami ng program ulit ‘yung refilling station
parang palit basura s’ya, ‘yung refilling station, nagbigay ulit kami ng puhunan sa piling
mga tindahan (tulad) ng mga toyo suka mantika, dishwashing liquid at iba pa. Pupunta
kayo doon ng may dalang lalagyan. Ngayon, kunyari bibilhin nyo sa market ng Php 35,
doon mga 30 pesos na lang, ile-less ‘yung packaging so nabawasan. Ang problema lang
siyempre ano may tindahan minsan do’n kayo kukuha ng pang araw-araw; (toyo, mantika
at iba pa) so nauubos ‘yung tinda. Kaya kami nag-formulate ulit ng vendo (machine),
makita n’yo ‘yung sample dito sa office namin sa labas lang. Vendo (machine) na s’ya ,
maghuhulog ka lang ng Php 5, dalhin mo ‘yung bote so may number of ml na ‘yon. So
iwas ‘yon sa mga tindahan na (mabawasan) ‘yung mga pangkain at pangluto nila. Madali
lang i-audit, so ang target namin do’n ay mabawasan ‘yung single use of plastic kasi
magdadala ka na lang ng mga bote, bote ng ganito paulit-ulit lang. Mas tipid, mas mura.
 132

So ‘yon ‘yung ibang initiative namin. Tapos ‘yung iba pa, ay ‘yung mga i-intensify namin
‘yung environmental education, so kung dati, normal lang na training, pupunta kami sa
school, may projector may laptop, may magsasalita. Ngayon nagpapagawa na rin kami ng
mascot.

Marla, Rein & Mica: (background affirmation {ahh..}), para hindi boring.

Gr. Edgar Luna: Oo, Kasi mga kailangan i-level up. Kasi na-ikot na namin lahat ng
school, ng barangay, sabihin ito na naman kayo. So nagpapagawa kami ng mascot, para
s’ya ‘yung mukha (modelo) ng office namin. So para si CENRO (yung mascot), s’ya
ngayon ‘yung parang ambassador namin.

Rein: yung mukha ng environment….

Gr. Edgar Luna: Oo. parang halimbawa may clean up drive, s’ya ‘yung makikita, may
talk s’ya makikita at para tumatak sa isip natin diba tumatak sa inyo si Jollibee nung bata.
S’ya rin gano’n ‘yung target namin, para i-level up namin ngayon lahat ng program. Kasi
kailangan e. Nagsasawa kasi tao diba. ‘Di naman kayo nag-segregate sa bahay diba paano
namin kayo mae-encourage? Kunyari may libreng globe, makakapag-segregate na kayo,
tapos mayroon din na program. Dahil 38-40 % percent ng basura na ay bio, sa bahay tamad
tayo mag-segregate kasi walang space so ginawa namin mayroon kaming g-t-g (garbage-
to-garden bucket composting).

Drum sya, drum na maganda naman, puti, papakuha tayo, Christian, Aron, pakuha ka nga
ng g-t-g. ‘Yun ‘yon, isang g-t-g, drum s’ya na maliit na pwede n’yo lagay sa gilid ng kusina
na kapag nagluto may tirang pagkain, lagay n’yo lang do’n, tapos layer by layer lang sya
tapos after 2 weeks, napuno haluin n’yo lang tambak n’yo na sa mga garden soil, (paso
nyo). So ang target namin do’n mabigyan lahat ng household para mabawasan ‘yung food
waste. Para mabawasan ‘yung food waste, Yung 38-40 % namin, papakita natin ‘yung
sample. Kasi ang problema namin sa bahay namin, masikip, nasa village,
 133

limited kasi ‘pag malaki ‘yung lupa n’yo mas mahal diba? So mayroon lang kaming space
na kaunti sa garden. Kaya nag-develop kami ng bucket composting, yung g-t-g. So, kung
bakit g-t-g naman, kasi magtataka ‘yung tao ano ba iyon? Maiintriga sila, ‘yon ‘yung mga
naisip namin, dapat kakaiba rin, catchy ‘yung name kunwari palit basura, from palit ng
basura to ano tapos mayroon din ‘yung vendo refilling station, gusto rin ng mga pilipino
parang Japan, coin ano, makikita n’yo paglabas n’yo ‘andyan ‘yung sample. Baka by
February, i-launch namin ‘yung walo, sample pa lang ito, marami pang babaguhin. So
maghuhulog lang doon, pupuntahan ng ano, maglalagay lalabas na ‘yung ano, maglalagay
lang. Parang slurpee yung dating. So marami pang program na kailangan naming ayusin
kasi ‘yan nga (tulad ng sinabi) sabi ko nga na ‘yung implementation, minsan okay ‘yung
mga barangay, eto ‘yung sample, marumi lang. Sam, buksan mo nga.

Rein: Ahh edi rito, para po kasing may kumakatas.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo may katas. ‘Yan, sealed sya para ‘di s’ya aamoy. Ang laman nito, ito
‘yung coconut. ‘Yung coconut na ito .

Rein: Kusot.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, ito ‘yung basura rin ng mga nagtitinda ng buko, shini-shred s’ya sa
MRF namin, ‘yung MRF din (naman) so dati punong-puno ng buko ‘yung highway namin,
ngayon may potential kasi s’ya. Ito, ano’ to during pandemic. Sa ano mahal na ito, 90 pesos.

Rein: Isang ganyan po?

G. Edgar Luna: Isang ganito pero dito sa ‘min, pinapamigay lang namin. Ito ‘yung mga
ginagamit s’ya pang-top ng ano. Yung loob nya ganito ‘yan...

Rein: Ayan po ‘yung mga sinasabing patong-patong…

 134

G. Edgar Luna: Patong, lalagyan n’yo muna ito ng (mga) papel, dyaryo, tapos lalagay
n’yo itong kusot then lalagay n’yo na food waste. T’as mayroon kaming kasama nito,
ii-spray-an lang nito (nila) para hindi umamoy tas pag na-flat, halimbawa na-flat na ,
na-flat na yung food waste, lagay ulit nito, gano’n ulit, layer by layer, parang ito. So iyon.
Pag…

Marla: ‘Yung pang spray po kasama rin po?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, ngayon ‘pag napuno na, id-dump n’yo sa isang area, halu-haluin
lang, fertilizer na.

Rein: Easy pataba na ‘yan.

G. Edgar Luna: Dito ito, malinis naman tingnan, nasa ano naman-

Rein: Presentable

G. Edgar Luna: Kunwari ito ang kitchen n’yo, lagay lang kayo nang lagay ng ano tapos
budbod diba? Kaysa malaking compost pit ang kailangan, takaw-space

Rein: Tsaka ‘yon nga po ‘yung sinasabi n’yo, malaking tulong ‘yung inii-spray (kasi) ang
baho. Para hindi mabaho ‘yung amoy na napro-produce ng ano…

G. Edgar Luna: Kaya naman bumabaho ‘yung basura kasi naghahalo-halo, halimbawa
‘yung katas ng mga toyo mantika, ‘pag naghalo ‘yon, mako-contaminate ‘yung amoy nito
so ‘yung katas n’ya, andoon s’ya, liquid fertilizer. Bali after 2 weeks, ito kaya n’yang ma-
accomodate ‘yung 10 tao sa bahay ng 2 weeks. Kunwari 10 kayo sa bahay n’yo, everyday
naman 'pag ‘di naman kayo nakakatatlong kilong food waste e, ‘pag kinalat naman dito,
‘yon.
 135

Rein: Maayos naman.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. Target namin mabigyan namin at least 20,000 household. So ‘yung
20,000 na iyon hindi na magtatapon ng food waste.
Rein: Less na naman.

G. Edgar Luna: Less na iyon. Pero magastos din, nakaka 1,000 (pesos) din isang
ganyan.

Rein: Isang ganyan po?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo.

Marla: Yung target n’yong 20,000 po na iyon, This year po ba?

G. Edgar Luna: (Oo), This year, mga ano lang at least 3,000. Kasi malaki din e. 3,000
times (x) 1000 diba? Naghahanap kami ng mga supplier pa ng o kaya magdo-donate ng
mga establishment or kaya for example SM kayang mag-donate ng 1,000, bibigay na nila
ngayon sa mga piling bahay nila, beneficiary parang gano’n, so ine-encourage namin ‘yung
mga susulat kami sa mga SM sa mga Waltermart sa ibang Jollibee. Parang CSR nila, parang
ganoon.

Marla: Hindi ba sabi niyo sa mga piling bahay lang? Bali po paano, may qualification po
ba ‘yon?

G. Edgar Luna: Hindi, wala. Parang halimbawa itong area na ito, ito yung
pinakamaraming food waste.

Rein: (Food waste)

 136

G. Edgar Luna: Bibigyan na namin siya, iclu-cluster. Halimbawa: Iyong mga barangay
na top generated volume ng mga waste, sila lang ‘yong pwede muna.

Rein: Wait lang po. Bali kanina po nabanggit niyo na target, nag-iimplement kayo to
reduce the single use of plastic. May iba po na may mga ibang lugar na po kasi na ayaw na
nila ng plastic kumbaga. Kayo po ba may plano po ba kayo na ganoon - ‘yong Baliaug?

G. Edgar Luna: Actually, oo. Actually, kami ‘yong una ring nagstart. May provincial
ordinance na bawal ang plastic. Kami din ‘yong unang start na mag-implement ng
ordinance. 2016 pa. So kaya sa Baliuag, bawal ang styrofoam, bawal din ‘yong mga plastic
cups, bawal din ‘yong mga plastic na may blue - ‘yong pang-Divisoria, bawal ‘yon. Ang
naging problema lang namin, sa ano - sa provincial ordinance, pinapayagan kasi ‘yong
OSCO Biodegradable na plastic.

Marla: Ano po 'yon?

G. Edgar Luna: Sabi ang OSCO Biodegradable, breakable siya after one month pero
plastic pa rin siya. Mas delikado. Kasi nagiging ano siya, pulverized at iyon ‘yong nakakain
ng mga isda. So kaya kami sa environment code namin, totally zero plastic.

Rein: Kahit yung OSCO plastic bawal?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, bawal na. Kasi naganuhan kami ng SM. Si SM binatas namin dahil
may plastic ‘yong mga ano. Pero nilabanan niya kami kasi OSCO Biodegradable daw.
Pasado daw sa DOST. Ngayon, nagpapaapproved sa amin. Kailangan ng DOST
Certification na OSCO Biodegradable. Kung pumasa sila, wala kaming magagawa. Binago
namin ordinansa namin na zero plastic, ngayon hihintayin lang namin lumabas ‘yong
resulta at step by step naman naming iimplement. Hindi yung isang ano.
 137

Rein: Biglaan.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, hindi ‘yong biglaan. Pero may iintroduce kami na cassava or corn
plastic, hinihintay lang din yung certification na talagang corn siya and cassava. Dito sa
Baliuag, yung cooperative din namin yung mag-iintroduce kasi.

Marla: Dito niyo rin po ginagawa ‘yon?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, dito sa Baliuag.

Rein: Ayos!

G. Edgar Luna: Yung cassava and corn, yung plastic na ‘yon kapag hindi na ginagamit,
pwedeng imelt at pwedeng ipakain sa isda o sa mga sa mga hayop kasi corn talaga siya at
cassava. Medyo pricey siya pero kapag nilaban mo sa papel. Di ba yung mga papel mga
Php 3.00 per piece sa 7-Eleven. Iyon din parang Php 2.50 per piece din pero plastic siya na
gawa lang sa corn ganoon.

Rein: Bali po sa mga palengke, kasi ‘yong mga isda, bali ‘yon na po ang ipapalit niyo if
ever?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. Ang naging problem namin sa implementation, dahil ang Baliuag
kasi ay center of ano siya e. Sa Baliuag kasi ang namili, San Rafael, Bustos, Candaba,
minsan Pulilan maraming pumupunta, at tsaka Angat. So simula noong pinagbawalan
namin magtinda yung mga malalaking plastic area dito, nawala na rin sa mga area na ‘yon.
Wala na rin silang mabili. Nakakabili na lang sila kunwari sa Divisoria, sa ibang bayan, tas
dito na lang ginagamit. So mayroon pa ring gumagamit ng styrofoam pero sa ibang bayan
binibili.

Rein: Hindi, wala na po talagang as in mabili?

 138

G. Edgar Luna: Dito wala kang mabibili. Kung mayroon man, hinuhuli. Hinuhuli namin
mga styrofoam.

Rein: Panglima po. Kailan po kaya nagsimula ang unti-unting pagiging sibilisado ng
Baliuag pagdating sa Solid Waste Management po?

G. Edgar Luna: Paanong sibilisado?

Marla: Iyong parang nagsimula na po siyang ano…

Rein and Marla: Maging maayos?

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, sa 10-year plan kasi 2015, I mean, 2018 naapproved.

Marla: Pero kailan po ginawa?

G. Edgar Luna: 2015 kami nagstart ng solid waste analysis tapos 2018 naapproved.

G. Edgar Luna: Naapproved ng National Solid Waste Management Commission. So

during that-time, nagstart na kami ng mga target diyan kasi yung mga target dapat ganitong
year e ganito ‘yong dapat.

Rein: Ma-achieve.

G, Edgar Luna: Oo. ‘Yon nga lang ang problema namin, ‘yon lang mga behaviour ng
mga tao ulit na naman ulit kami sa simula.

Rein: Bali po mga 2018 po nagsimula na maging organized po kayo?

 139

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. 2016 preparation. 2017 ‘yan preparation. 2018, ‘yan unti-unti na
naming nakikita na acceptable na ng tao.

Marla: ‘Yon din po ang nakuha namin. Kasi po doon sa introduction po ng study namin,
may nilagay po ako doon na ‘yong “top performer” po, 2018 din po ata ‘yong date noon.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. Two years kasi namin ginayak ‘yong Baliuag so ‘yong sa
environment, mayroong tinatawag na “Manila Bayani Awards”. So sa “Manila Bayani
Awards,” by region. ‘Yong Manila bay kasi di ba marumi raw. Akala nila within Metro
Manila lang ‘yong nagpaparumi. ‘Yong Manila bay, may mga connected na ilog. Kunwari
Angat river, pupunta sa Marilao, Obando river system. So ganoon, may Laguna lake. May
mga Laguna, may Bataan, may Pampanga river.

Rein: Kumbaga doon yung catch basin?

G. Edgar Luna: Oo. Catch basin kaya ang ginawa, from upstream down to Manila bay
region. Kasali siya sa Manila bay region so kaya nagkaroon ng Manila bay region at
“Manila Bayani Awards.” So titingnan sa “Manila Bayani Awards” ‘yong implementation
program project ng liquid waste, solid waste, informal settlers tsaka environmental
education - ‘yong apat na category na iyon. So since 2018, top-performer ‘yong Baliuag.
Ibig sabihin pinapasa namin ‘yong lahat ng qualification. ‘Yon nga lang, hindi man perfect
sa iba pero kami yung pinakahighest. So 2020, nagsecond lang kami sa nationals, pero
regional, puro kami ang nagtotop. Parang five years na kami. ‘Yong isa namin, dapat ano
na kami, hall of famer kaso may isa lang kaming national na 2nd placer lang kami. Natalo
kami ng Calayaan, Laguna.

Marla: Kaya po hindi kayo nakasama sa hall of fame?

 140

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, ang Baliuag kasi may 27 na barangay. Doon walo lang. Ang total
population nila ay isang barangay lang namin kaya magkaiba dapat ng category. So sila
syempre!

Rein: Maliit lang.

G. Edgar Luna: Kunwari mga ano lang sila mga 10,000 household, kami 36,000
household. Iba yung implementation, iba yung challenge samin.

Rein: Lugi.

G. Edgar Luna: Oo, tsaka noon during that time via zoom ‘yong validation. E gusto
namin face-to-face para nakikita nila lahat ng program. So natalo lang kami ng mga
points, ilang points lang. Kaya ano…

Rein: Kaya nag second place po kayo?

G. Edgar Luna: Pero ang importante naman, ginagawa namin araw-araw yung mga
programa kahit walang evaluation. Ang maganda sa amin, madali na lang sa amin. Kuha
na lang kami nang kuha ng files. Kunwari yung inspeksyon. Hindi lang kapag may
reklamo, regular inspection. Eco police nandiyan. Hindi lang talaga namin maperfect yung
segregation dahil kulang kami sa budget ng truck. Ah, ‘yong MRF namin hanggang ngayon
dinadagdagan pa namin ng machine kasi hindi pwedeng doon lang ibuhos lahat ng pondo
at kawawa naman ‘yong ibang offices kaya step by step. Target naman namin by 2027. So
at least ngayon, kapag inaudit ulit kami, may makikita kaming improvement.

Rein: Pagdating po sa open dumpsite, kumusta po ‘yong implementation po dito sa

Baliuag?

G. Edgar Luna: Ayon, wala ng open dumpsites.

 141

Rein: Ay, wala na po?

G. Edgar Luna: Ay, wala na.

Mica: E sa ngayon po, sir. May mga nakakasama po ba kayong mga ahensya o mga tao
sa pamamahala at sinu-sino po sila ?

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, bukod sa barangay ay ‘yong mga NGO na nakikipagtie up. May
mga companies din na nakikipagtie up.

Mica: At tsaka po paano po ba, paano naman po kayo mamahala? Strict po ba kayo?
Considerate po ba kayo sa pag-iimplement sa mga tao?

G. Edgar Luna: Ano naman, strict kung ano ‘yong nasa batas ang siya ring ginagawa
namin. Mayroon din kasi kaming consideration pero kapag nagkalat ka e mahuhuli ka.
Violation ‘yon! Pero halimbawa nakita lang namin nasa tapat ng bahay mo, kakausapin
lang namin, doon lang. Kasi maiintindihan naman din. Sabi nga namin huwag puro bawal,
baka maging authoritarian kami di ba? Mahirap din.
Rein: Ah, ito po. Sa pagkakataon na nagkakaroon ng panibagong grupo or iyong mga
namamahala po sa alituntunin ng solid waste management po, anu-ano po sa tingin ninyo
ang mga nagiging implikasyon pagdating sa pamamahala ng mga batas lalo na sa solid
waste management?

G. Edgar Luna: Pag may mga bagong nag-iimplement?

Rein: Opo.

G. Edgar Luna: Una, siyempre pag may bago, hindi nila naitutuloy yung…

Rein: Nasimulan na?

 142

G. Edgar Luna: Nasimulan. Kaya halimbawa kapag problem ng LGU, halimbawa komo't
hindi priority e hindi required na magkaroon ng environment office. Syempre kung sino
‘yong nakaupong mayor or leader, may iaappoint siyang tao. Ngayon kapag nawala na,
tapos na ‘yong term niya. May bagong mayor mamumuno, iba na naman so hindi
nacocontinue. Unlike sa amin na created yung office, natapos yung term ng mayor namin,
may susunod. Pwede kaming maghain na ito ‘yong nasimulan. Ito ‘yong nasa batas.
Icocontinue. So ‘yon ‘yong nagiging problem na dapat may continuing program yung
bawat LGU at may isang mga taong tutulong talaga.

Rein: Bali ipinakikilala niyo po sa kanila ‘yong mga nasimulan niyo na. Pang-pito po.
Ngayon na kayo na po ang taong responsable pagdating sa pamamahala, anu-ano ang mga
kasalukuyang ipinatutupad ninyo sa mga mamamayan upang mas makapagbigay ng tulong
para makamit ang kalinisan ng inyong bayan?

G. Edgar Luna: Iyon, gaya ng nabanggit ko kanina.

Rein: May incentives.

G. Edgar Luna: Mga incentives sa mga program para maencourage sila.

Rein: O sige po. Ito po, okay na po? Pwede po ba naming malaman kung kailan po kayo
naupo bilang head ng CENRO?

G. Edgar Luna: Pumasok ako sa munisipyo at naregular 2015. That time dadalawa, tatatlo
lang staff ko. 2016, ‘yan naging office na talaga.

Rein: Itinuloy niyo po ba ang mga programa ng mga nagdaang administrasyon ng alkalde
o kayo ay nagsagawa ng panibagong plano para mas maging epektibo ang R.A. 9003 po?
 143

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, ‘yong tinuloy lang namin yung paghahakot dahil nadatnan na namin
‘yong mga tao pero wala kasing program dati dahil walang office so kami ‘yong nagsimula
talaga. Inalign lang namin ‘yong mga dati nilang trabaho. Kunwari naghahakot sila ng apat
na barangay. Ginawa naming dalawa lang, tatlo. Naging continuous strategy
na lalang.

Rein: Wait lang po, sir. May question lang po. Paano niyo po namomonitor na ang bawat
barangay ay nakasusunod sa implementasyon?

Marla: Kunwari po ‘yong sa mga Palit-basura sa tulad sa may refilling, paano niyo po
parang sila nachecheck?

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, mayroon kaming separate team dito na iyon ang trabaho.
Nagmomonitor. Nag-aaudit.

Marla: May schedule po ba sila?

Rein: Weekly po ba ‘iyon? Daily?

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, weekly. Minsan surprise. Titingnan din kung ilan ‘yong napalit kasi
idedeclare namin ‘yon sa report namin sa DILG. Sa monitoring naman ng barangay,
mayroon kaming tinatawag na Barangay Environmental Compliance Audit. Quarterly.
Quarterly silang nagsusubmit sa amin. Kami naman, isusubmit namin sa DILG.
Marla: Yung team po na iyon, ‘yong sa environmental compliance, kayo lang po ba ang
mayroon?

G. Edgar Luna: Buong Pilipinas mayroon.

Rein: Ito sa 10-year solid waste management plan po, lahat po ba iyon nasusunod niyo?
 144

G. Edgar Luna: Iyong mga ordinance at law, iyon din ‘yong ano namin, existing. Sa
budget lang hindi kasi minsan kapos sa budget, minsan naman napagbibigyan. So
kinakailangan kasi by 2027 budgeted lahat e. E malapit na. So unti-unti. ‘Yong creation
office nasunod naman na pero ‘yong mga position na nandoon dahil sa budget, budgetary
requirements hindi pa nasusunod. So ganoon lang naman. Pero yung implementation…

Rein: Lahat naman po?

G. Edgar Luna: Nasusunod naman.

Marla: Ay, ito po. Sa thesis adviser po namin, may sinend po siya about sa SWAP. ‘Yong
NGO po ata ito about din po sa proper management ng solid waste. Kasama po ba ‘yon sa
inyo? Nakikicooperate po ba kayo doon?

G. Edgar Luna: Anong meaning ng SWAP?

Marla: Ah, wait to po. Nakikita ba? Hindi po kasi namin sure kasama if align po ba ito sa
inyo or sarili lang po talaga nila yung ano? Hindi naman po talaga ‘yan kasama sa primary
question. Baka lang po aware kayo.

G. Edgar Luna: Ah, hindi pa. Solid Waste Association of the Philippines? Parang
member pa lang kami ng group pero wala pa silang program samin.

Marla: Okay po.

G. Edgar Luna: So iyong SWAP parang palit basura e, parang iyon ata siya.
 145

Rein: So parang ganoon na rin po iyon? Last question po na lang po. Bilang tagapangasiwa
ng pag-iimplementa ng batas na R.A. 9003, may personal po ba kayong background or
experience tungkol sa solid waste management issue na ginagamit niyo sa pagpapanatili ng
consistency ng Baliuag when it comes to solid waste management po?

G. Edgar Luna: Sa background, ang course ko kasi Bachelor of Science in Agriculture.

Agriculturist ako so sa amin at part lang ‘yong Environmental Science. Isang subject lang
'yon. So dati kasi, walang Environmental Science. Nasa agriculture lang siya. So
hiniwalay na course. Sa Environmental Science, pinag-aaralan natin ‘yong mga climate.
Iyong mga ganoon. So sa solid waste naman, may subject kami sa animal. Animal waste
mga ganoon. So naging experience na lang dahil sa basura syempre nagkakalat tayo at
nakikita natin ‘yong mga situation before na dati hindi nakakapaghakot. Ganoon lang
‘yong background. Background ko talaga e agriculturist ako.

Rein: Opo.

G. Edgar Luna: Related naman siya dahil may compost , may Soil Science kami. Related
siya. May Animal Science kami. Related din naman sa economic dahil ‘yong mga pwedeng
economic advantages ng basura. May pera daw sa basura. So ganoon yung background ko.
Ang naging detailed na trabaho ko rito ay iyong seminar ng LGU-DENR at mga private
groups. So doon na lang talaga namulat na ito ‘yong kailangang gawin. Iyong mga
background sa Soil Science namin, pinag-aaralan na rin composting dahil ‘yong
classification pinag-aaralan tsaka iyong machinery namin , Agricultural Engineering.
Nandoon naman ‘yong mga machinery at mga shredder ng mga buko ng mga halaman. So
yung pagcocompost, pagmamanage ng waste ng farm, nandoon din naman. So dinagdagan
lang.

Rein: Done na po ano? Ito na po ang pagtatapos ng interview natin.

 146

Appendix K: Transcript of Answers (Mayor of City of Baliuag, Bulacan)

WHEN: January 17, 2023

WHERE: City of Baliuag, Bulacan
INFORMANT: Mr. Edgar Luna of CENRO Baliuag

Marla: Simulan ko na po?

Mayor Ferdie: Bawal ang facemask dito kasi dapat walang facemask. Dapat face reveal
para malay mo magkasalubong tayo hindi ko kayo kilala. Magbigay muna kayo ng intro.

Marla: Kami po ay mula sa Bulacan State University (Malolos). Ginawa po naming itong
interview para po sa aming research na pinamagatang “Reviewing the Policy
Implementation and Adoptive Evolution Practices in Baliuag, Bulacan pursuant to
Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management of 2000.” Para po sa
1st question, Bago po magkaroon ng RA 9003, ano po ang lagay ng Solid Waste
Management ng Baliuag?

Mayor Ferdie: Ahh actually hindi pa kasi ang mayor nung time na yon pero sa natatandaan
ko dahil ako yung SK President nung time na yon. Ang ginagawa ng Baliuag nung mga
time na yon ay mayroon dumpside dito sa sa Baliuag, na kung saan yung mga basura ng
Baliuag ay tinatapon sa isang dump side tapos humuhukay sila at tinatabunan. So, yun yung
proseso ng Solid Waste Management ng Baliuag nung mga panahon na iyon.

Marla: Okay po! Ahm nung nagkaroon po ng batas meron po bang mga pagbabago sa
pagma-manage sa Solid Waste?
 147

Mayor Ferdie: Syempre! Kasi nung nagkaroon na nung batas naging mahigpit na ang
DENR sa pag-iimplement. Kaya ang nangyari talagang nagtatapon na sa landfill yung mga
local government units. So, ang nangyari non ay ah, yung mga… sobrang higpit non bawal
na nung naghuhukay ka tapos itatapon mo yung mga basura ng bayan at staka mo tatabunan
so kinakailangan bawal yung open dumpsite. So, ang nangyari talagang nagtatapon na sa
mga ahh… landfill ang mgaa… LGUs

Angel: Next Question po, Noong mga panahon iyon, anu-ano pong pagsubok ang
pinagdaan ng Baliuag pagdating sa implementasyon ng batas?

Mayor Ferdie: Ahhhh… una, syempre wala yung…bagama…. Mangangailangan ka kasi

ng malaking budget para sa pagbabasura. Kaya nung una talagang ahh… meron
kaming…kung mapapansin niyo yung doon sa may Makinabang sa highway yung may
malaking ahh tapat nung arko dun yung dumpsite ng Baliuag nung una. Nung panahon ni
Mayor Rommie. Yun yung lupa naming hindi naming siya pinapaupahan sa munisipyo at
binibigay lamang naming ng libre yung pag-dumpsite, yung pag-dump nung mga basura
don sa lupa namin. Kaya ngayon namomoblema naman kami, paano naman matatangal ang
basura ron dahil it will cost a lot of money para matanggal yung mga basura don para
magamit na yung lupa namin.

So, maraming mga pagsubok na kinaharap ang LGUs nung dahil sa pag-implement ng
batas na yan. Una, I am talking now ah! Kasi nung time na yon, hindi pa naman ako yung
mayor nung time nayon pero ngayon talagang ang nagiging malaking budget ng munisipyo
or city is yung pagtatapon ng basura sa mga landfill dahil mababayad ka. So yun yung
malaking chunk ng budget dun napupunta sa pagtapon ng basura.

Marla: Bukod po dun sa fund sa mga tao po o kaya naman po sa authorities naka-atas po
don sa implementation, mayroon po bang naging problema o mayroon po bang hindi
 148

nasusunod kunwari po mamamayan tapos po mayroon din po ba kayong nakikitang

authorities na hindi po napaprioritize yung implementation?

Mayor Ferdie: Hindi sa ngayon ang implementation ng 9003 talagang ahh…talagang

ineenforce talaga ng DENR, talagang napakahigpit nila ngayon. Kaya naman talagang lahat
ng local government units, talagang nauubliga na sundin yung batas kasi kung hindi
makakasuhan ka. Sa amin kasi, sa part namin lagi kasi kaming nakatugon doon sa amin
seal of good governance. Yun yung award na ibinigay ng DILG kasama yung ahh pag ahh
pag ano mo sa environment, pangangalaga sa environment yung solid waste management,
kung hindi ka ayos don hindi mo makukuah yung award na yon kasi once red mark ka lang
don ehh mabigat makuha yung (SGLGOY)

Angel: yung nabanggit nyo po kanina na ahh before na hindi pa po kayo mayor bale yung
sa inyo lang pong implementation yung nangyayari ngayon continuously po ba siya?

Mayor Ferdie: Oo. Nagagawa naming yun at ah ang nangyayari ngayon ay mayroon
kaming landfill natinatapunan o transfer station and at the same time yung mga projects na
ginagawa naming ngayon para makabawas doon sa aming pagtatapon don sa landfill ay
mayroon kaming central MRF na tinatawag na, “Materials Recovery Facility” na kung saan
mayroong kaming mga machines na talagang nag-invest ako ron para makabawas don sa
mga tinatapon naming. Nagplano kami na mag segregate talagang inano namin sa mga
bawat bahay pero syempre alam naman natin na hindi ganon kabilis magrespond yung mga
tao. Kaya sa huli, mayroon talagang conveyor kung hindi nakasegregate yung mga basura,
yung tao yung nagsesegregate para process yung mga natitirang basura.

Marla: Tanong ko lang din po, ahh yung diba po sa RA 9003 meron don po na parang
binigyan ng focus, sila po yung mainly nakafocus sa solid waste management yung solid
waste management board po. Ngayon po, ano po yung difference nila sa CENRO o sa
MENRO noon po?
 149

Mayor Ferdie: Doon kasi sa… yung MENRO namin, CENRO na ngayon, naging city na
kami last December 17, 2022. Sila yung nag-ooversee lahat nung mga operations ng about
sa solid waste and yung ginagawa nung board is yun yung… ang i-implement eh
yung CENRO.

Marla: Bale nagsisimula po sa Board?

Arresto Mayor: Board. Kami yung gumagawa nung mga policies, policy making.

Marla: Sila po yung ang-eenforce.

Mayor Ferdie: Sila yung nag-eenforce, sila yung gumagawa.

Marla: May mga probisyon po ba don sa RA 9003 na nahirapan po kayong isagawa? Kahit
yung pinaka mahirap nalang po?

Mayor Ferdie: Sa totoo lang, nalulungkot lang ako kapag nakikita ko ngayong yung RA
9003 ay parang isang malaking hanapbuhay. Totoo yon, kasi bakit? Ehh… ang nangyayari
lahat ng mga local officials o lahat ng local chief executive ay dyan lahat napupunta ang
pondo dahil unang-una bawal ang mga insilirator, bawal yung nagsusunog, diba? Pero
tingan mo yung ibang mga, yung mga hanapbuhay, yung mga paggawa ng semento, yung
mga pabrika nagsusunog yung mga yan, diba? So, ano pagkakaiba nila sa nagsusunog ka
eh pede naman sigurong gumawa o umisip ng ibang pamamaraan na kasama rin don sa
9003 or i-amend yung 9003 kasi ang nangyayari yung ponding imbis na itutulong naming
sa mga tao, sa mga mahihirap ay napupunta pa dyan sa pag-implement ng batas na yan. So
kung pwedeng umisip siguro ng ibang mga ways katulad ng inisirilators, katulad ng ibang
bansa may mga ganoon silang pamamaraan eh diba nga pagka-nagsusunod ka tao eh diba
may usok din yon kahitpapano edi dapat pagbawal din yon.
 150

Well, ito yung mga sa tingin ko na dapat tignan sa 9003 na yan. Na siguro dapat imodify
or iamend dahil kapag nangyari yon ay pwedeng bumili ng machine na pangsunog talaga
para talagang mabawasan yung mga solid waste management ng mga bayan. Eh nangayayri
ngayon dito sa amin sa baliuag sa isang buwan gumagasta kami ng almost 7 million para
madala mo yung basura don sa mismong landfill. Magbabayad ka ng holing and tipping.
So yung 7 million edi nasa 70 + 14 bale 84 million kulang 90 million sa isang taon yun
yung ginagawa namin sa pagtapon ng basura. Syempre yung mga malalaking bayan lalo,
yung mga maraming tao, yung maraming establishments dun napupunta halso yung
kanilang mga pondo.

Marla: Tanong ko lang po, ano po yung hauling and tipping?

Mayor Ferdie: Hauling, is yun yung nagdadala ng basura kung makakapansin kayo ng
malalaking truck yung mga, ang proseso kasi rito sa baliuag mayroong kaming transfer
station yung lupa namin pinagamit naming as transfer station dun sa may arko sa may
makinabang. May isang malaking truck don na nag iintay, yung mga malilit na truck
naman, yung mga kumokolekta sa mga bayan. Doon dinadala yung mga nakolektang
basura inililipat doon sa malaking truck. Yung malaking truck yung maghoholing papunta
doon sa landfill sa case naming sa Montaban, Rizal tayo naghoho… nagtatapon ng basura
sa mismong landfill. So, pagdating don magbabayad yung truck na yon para maitapon yung
basura. Yun yung halos everyday ditto sa baliuag mga lima, anim (six to eight) na dump
truck na malalaki ang dinadala namin doon every week.

Angel: Sa pagkakataon naman pong nagkaroon ng panibagong grupo o awtoridad na naka-

atas sa mga alituntunin ng myembro ng LGU ng Baliuag, anu-ano po sa tingin ninyo ang
mga nagiging implikasyon pagdating sa mga pamamahala ng batas lalo na po sa solid waste
management?
 151

Mayor Ferdie: ‘yun nga sa tingin ko nga e dapat tignan din tong batas na ito…

Marla: Ahh hindi po Mayor, yung… diba po syemrpe po nagkakaroon po ng eleksyon

napapalitan po yung mga nakaupo.

Mayor Ferdie: napapalitan yung mga pamunuan, ah okay!

Marla: Parang ano pong nangyayari kapag may bagong pamunuan? Nababago po ba? O
naitutuloy po?

Mayor Ferdie:kasi nung nakaraan wala naming choice kung hindi talaga ituloy lang
dahil kung hindi… unang-una baho, diba babaho yung bayan mo, magiging makalat ahh..
pangalawa eh walang magagawa kasi ikaw naman yung idedemanda, yung executive
chief yung idedemanda nung DENR. So walang choice kundi i-implement talaga yung
batas.

Angel: Next question po, na ngayon na kayo na po ang taong responsableng sa

pamamahala, anu-ano ang mga kasalukuyang ipinatutupad nyo sa mga mamamayan upang
mas makapagbigay ng tulong para mapanatili ang kalinisan sa inyong bayan?

Mayor Ferdie:Unang-una, yun nga sinasama naming sila nagkakaroon ng seminar yung
mga tao. Pinaliliwanag namin, information dissemination kung anong oras kinokolekta,
meron pa rin tayong segregation diba? So, yung segregation sinasabi namin, minsan
sinasabi naming kapag hindi segregated hindi kukunin. No Segregation, No Collection
Policy, meron di kami non at yun nga yung MRF namin talagang pinapalakas namin,
siguro mamaya kung gusto niyong tingnan samahan naming kayo. Nandon si MENRO,
Si CENRO para ipaliwanag kung ano ang prosesong ginagawa namin.

Marla: Meron po bang idinagdag na parang practice po aside po provided ng 9003?

Meron po ba kayong sariling initiative na ginawa specifically dito po sa bayan niyo?
 152

Mayor Ferdie: ah sa tingin ko yung sa MRF nga namin kung mamaya makikita niyo
nandon yung mga machines para makita ninyo kung paano yung mga process na
ginagawa namin ahh kung paano namin hinahandle yung solid waste management?

Marla: Huling tanong na po, kayo po ba mismo mayroon po kayong background or

experience sa solid waste management bago po kayo naupo bilang isang alkalde ng bayan
ng baliuag?

Mayor Ferdie: Honestly kasi yung panahon nung daddy ko yung siya ang mayor.
Syempre lahat tinitngnan antin yung mga pamamahala niya at ahh syempre concern din
tayo don sa kalinisan ng ating lugar dahil sa totoo lang kahit ngayon nandyan yung head
ng sanitation. Pagka talagang umiikot ako eh pagnakakita ako ng basura talagang tawag
ako ng tawag sa kanila.

Pero sa tanong mo na may experience ba ako? Wala naming direktang experience pero ang
gusto natin ay maging malinis yung kapaligiran natin at ang gusto natin eh maitama kaya
nga nung panahon ko, nung panahon kasi ng daddy ko yung transfer station ng basura
ngayon nagdagdag ako ng sariling MRF ang baliuag may sariling Central MRF na kung
saan… ang objective non ehh mabawasan yung dinadala naming basura sa landfill para
makabawas dun sa gastos ng pagholing and tipping.

Marla: Yun lang po salamat po.

Mayor Ferdie: Okay na. Siguro mas maganda makita niyo MRF namin. Pasamahan mo
nalang para makakuha ng video or pictures.
 153

Appendix L: Transcript of Answers (Other officers-in-charge of CENRO-Baliuag)

WHEN: April 21, 2023

WHERE: Interview was conducted separately via Gmeet and Zoom
INFORMANTS:

A. Information Education Communication Team

1. Ronaldo Cruz
2. Hazel Bautista
3. Kenneth Merano

B. Monitoring Team
1. Alvin Fernandez
2. Joven Guevarra

C. Manila Bay Clean up, Rehabilitation, Preservation Project Team

1. Kristian Gonzalea

Mr. Kristian: Good morning po, ma’am. Ipakikilala ko lang po ang mga kasama ko sa
interview po na ito via zoom. Mula po sa Land Management Division naririto po si
**P4**, siya po ‘yung sa Land Management Division saka sa IEC Division po namin.
Mula naman po sa Monitoring Division po namin, nariyan po si **P6**.

Interviewer: Bago po nagkaroon ng R.A. 9003, ano po ang lagay ng solid waste
management ng Baliuag? Sino ang mga namahala noon at paano po ang paraan ng kanilang
pagma-manage?
 154

Mr. Kristian: That time po kasi noong 2016 po pumasok po kami sa MENRO Baliuag,
ang Department Head na po namin ay si Edgar Luna. Nakaupo na po siya noong 2015 po
pero ang Mayor po namin noon is iba pa po. Nag-start po kami noon na nag-plan po siya
para makatulong po sa pagpapatupad po ng Republic Act no. 9003.

Mr. Kenneth: So, ang R.A. No. 9003 ay naisabatas po noong year 2000. So, ilang year pa
lang po siya ngayon bale nasa 23 years. So, ayun po, noong bago pa magkaroon ng batas
na Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, mayroon tayo dati nang project na “Tapat
Ko, Linis Ko”. Tungkol naman po sa status ng Solid Waste Management dati ay mayroon
pong naghahakot ng basura noong wala pa pong R.A. No. 9003, noon pong nagkaroon na
ng R.A. 9003, nagkaroon na ng liwanag o step-by-step na paraan kung paano makakapag
reduce ng basura o proper waste disposal.

Mr. Kristian: Pagkapasok po namin ay nandiyan na ang R.A. 9003, isa nga po sa
nagi-implement ay si **P1**. Bumuo po ng mga team at dito na po sinimulan ang
pagpapaigting po ng batas na R.A. 9003. So, bago po ‘yun, mayroon po kaming batas o
ordinansa ang Baliuag.

Ms. Hazel: Normal na koleksiyon ang ginagawa ng solid waste management bago pa man
magkaroon ng batas patungkol sa RA. 9003 o mas kilala bilang The Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000. Bilang isang tagapag kolekta sa mga basura simula sa
household hanggang sa mga establishment ng bayan ng Baliuag ay maayos naman na
nakokolekta ang mga basura, isa na rin sa dahilan ang kaunti pa lang ang bilang ng
naninirahan sa Baliuag.

Interviewer: Bukod po sa ‘Tapat Ko, Linis Ko’ mayroon pa po ba kayong alam na ibang
ordinansa bago ‘yung R.A. 9003?

Mr. Kristian: Mayroon po kasing ordinansa ang Baliuag na nakapaloob sa 1995, dito
nakasaad ‘yung Solid Waste Management o ‘yung 3R ay nakapaloob din dito.
 155

Interviewer: Alam n’yo po ba kung ano ang ginagawa ng ordinansa na ito para
makatulong sa Solid Waste Management?

Mr. Kenneth: **P3**, naaalala mo ba ‘yung mayroon tayong adapted galing sa

provincial about Solid Waste Management, hindi ba ‘yun kaya ‘yun?

Mr. Kristian: Oo, mayroon kami na galing sa provincial. Ito ‘yung Kautusang Bayan Blg.
4 taong 1995. Kautusan ito na nagbabawal sa mga tao ng pagtatapon ng basura. Sa kautusan
na ito, bago pa dumating si R.A. No. 9003, may ordinansa na kami sa bayan na bawal mag
tapon ang sinumang tao ng basura sa mga kanal o sa harap ng bahay.
Nakapaloob din dito ang segregation natin o ang paghihiwalay ng mga basura.

Interviewer: Tanong ko lang po about sa follow-up question kanina about sa pamamahala.

Clarify ko lang po kung kayo rin po ‘yun o ibang tao pa po ‘yun na namamahala?

Mr. Kristian: Noong 2015 po kasi, iba pa po ang Mayor nun, hindi pa po si Mayor Ferdie.
Ang nakaupo pa po noon ang alam ko ay si Mayor Carlo po, ang sa environment po nun
ay si Sir Edgar Luna. Tapos po noong 2016, noong nanalo na po si Mayor Ferdie, inabutan
na po naming noon si Sir Edgar. Sa kagustuhan po namin na parang paigtingin pa ang
environment natin o magpatupad pa ng batas regarding sa environment natin, doon siya
kumuha ng maraming tao na ipinasok sa Environmental Office natin o MENRO Baliuag
pa that time. So, si Sir Edgar, mahigpit na siya mag implement noon si may R.A. 9003 na
noon. So, siya ‘yung chair dati na nagi-IEC sa mga schools and establishments, siya rin
‘yung nagi-specs sa mga establishments namin at sa mga schools. So, ayun ‘yung mga
ginagawa niya dati noong 2015.

Mr. Kenneth: Sa pagkakaalam ko po kasi ang lahat ng Municipal Level Environmental

Office ay kailan lang po na-create under 9003. Ang alam ko dati noong di pa naisasabatas
ang R.A. 9003, ang namamahala po ay ang Sanitation Office.
 156

Mr. Kristian: Ang sinasabi po ata ni **P4** ay noong 2015 po ata ay may Solid Waste
Management Division. Kailan lamang po nagkaroon ng MENRO. So, ‘yun po ang
pagkakainti ko sa sinabi ni **P4** kanina. So, ‘yun po ang hawak ni Sir Edgar Luna
bago po siya nag MENRO.

Mr. Ronald: Kasi ang Republic Act no. 9003, nabuo siya noong 2000 tapos naging batas
noong January 26, 2001. Napasok kami sa LGU noong 2016 kaya hindi pa namin alam
kung ano ang mga dating plans and programs nung mga dating LGU.

Interviewer: Noong nagkaroon po ng batas tungkol sa Solid Waste Management,

mayroon po bang naging mga pagbabago sa SWM ng Baliuag?

Ms. Hazel: Maraming nagbago sa bayan ng Baliuag simula ng itatag ang batas patungkol
sa pagsisinop, paghihiwalay ng mga basura. Isa na dito ang mga tao na nakasanayan na
nilang hindi isegregate ang kanilang mga basura. Ngunit dahil sa isa itong batas na
kailangang sundin at i-implement ng ating bayan kailangan natin itong sundin dahil kasama
ang batas sa tinatawag nating itinatag na 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan ng City-
ENRO kasama din sa pagkakaroon ng 4 na uri ng basurahan hanggang sa maging 10 ito
dahil na din sa mga klasipikasyon ng mga basura.

Mr. Ronald: Noong nagkaroon ng batas na R.A. 9003, ito ‘yung waste segregation. Hindi
na ganun karami ang itinatapon namin sa landfill. Mas kaunti na and dine-deliver o dinadala
namin sa landfill kaya medyo gumanda at kumonti ang naidadala namin sa landfill.

Mr. Kenneth: Noon pong nagkaroon na tayo ng batas patungkol sa Solid Waste
Management, nagkaroon na po ng regulations, proper waste disposal, and programs about
solid waste management. Mayroon din po kaming tinatawag na WACS o Waste Analysis
Characterization Study. Nakapaloob sa WACS naming ang waste characterization ng
Baliuag. Sa barangay nagkaroon sila ng programa about sa Solid Waste Management.
 157

Mr. Ronald: Nagkaroon kasi kami ng 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan, within
2017 to 2027 doon nakapaloob ang plans ng MENRO. Number 1, ang plans namin ay ang
Clean-Up Drive ng every Barangay tapos ‘yung mga programa naming na Palit-
Basura, then ‘yung Aling Tindera naming ngayon pati ‘yung mga IEC sa Barangay and sa
school. Iyan ang naging plans and programs ng MENRO ngayon. Saka ‘yung Tree Planting
at Urban Gardening sa every Barangay.

Mr. Kristian: Noon pong nagkaroon ng R.A. 9003 o Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act, dito na po crineate ang office namin. Sa staffing pattern, nandito na po ‘yung different
division po natin. Mahirap po kasi na mag implement na iilan lang po kami kaya nagkaroon
po ng sariling team at sariling division.

Sa mga division po na to ay mayroon po kaming IEC Division, sila po ‘yung

nag-i-implement at nagdi-discuss po regarding R.A. 9003 o Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act. Mayroon din po kaming monitoring, mayroon din po kaming Eco-
Police. Si Eco-Police po, sila po ‘yung nag-iimplement ng mga batas po natin local and
national na batas po natin. Mayroon din po kaming namamahala sa Green **** Division.
Sila naman po ang nagpapaganda sa bayan po namin. So, bakit ko po inere-relate ito?
Dahil nga po sa ordinansa ng R.A. 9003 so kailangan po talaga ay strict implementation po
dito. Ngayon po, na-implement naman po ng maayos ang R.A. 9003 po natin na naka-plan
po. Ang una po kasi ay Research and Development po ni Sir Edgar Luna, and nag-research
po siya base po sa thesis niya kung ano po ang makabubuti sa bayan po ng Baliuag po.
Since hindi naman po pwede makapag implement po ng program kaagad kung wala naman
po tayong base line.

Mr. Ronald: So, ayun ‘yung mga program noong dumating na ang R.A. No. 9003.

Interviewer: So, bale nung una po wala po kayong nakikitang progress agad noong
nagkaroon ng batas, tama po ba?
 158

Mr. Kristian: Ma’am, sa una po kasi hindi po talaga makikita ang progress lalo na po ang
pinag-uusapan natin dito ay solid waste o ‘yung mga garbage po natin o ‘yung mga waste
po natin. So, sa una po muna ay research and development. Then sa other year, ‘yung pag
implement na po nung program o kung paano na-develop o kung paano pa po made-
develop ang mga program po natin o paano mababawasan ang mga basura. So, may mga
programs and plans po tayo doon. Sa umpisa po talaga mahirap dahil hindi naman po lahat
ay makikinig so sa pagpapatuloy poo ng IEC at pag punta po natin sa barangay ay nagiging
successful na po. Di man po fully successful pero makikita po natin ang pagbabago dati sa
ngayon. Kumbaga kung ano po ang mayroon dati ay mas Maganda na po siya ngayon.

Mr. Kenneth: Ma’am, idadagdag ko lang po parang ang nangyari ay mas naging concern
ang mga tao sa environment specially sa waste management kasi sa totoo ay hindi biro ang
problema sa waste kasi kaya nandiyan ang mga IEC natin na bumababa sa mga barangay
sa mga schools para ipaliwanag kung ano ba ang tamang proseso at ano ba ang kailangan
nating gawin. Kung ano ba ang dapat ihiwalay, sa nabubulok at di nabubulok. Kumbaga
magkaroon sila ng proper education about sa solid waste.

Interviewer: Noong mga panahong iyon, anu-anong pagsubok po ang pinagdaanan ng

Baliuag pagdating sa implementasyon ng batas?

Mr. Ronald: Sa amin naman sa CENRO ngayon, noong una talaga ay hirap kami. In every
27 barangay, bababaan namin ‘yan. Sa isang barangay ay madaming population, kung
paano ba namin sila makakausap isa-isa. Paano naming i-implement ang Republic Act No.
9003, kumbaga nagsisimula kami sa zero. Pero ngayon, nasa 60% o 70% na kami ngayon
dahil sa 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan ng MENRO kaya ngayon di na kami gaano
nahihirapan. Kumbaga pagdating namin sa barangay ay alam na agad nila ang R.A. 9003.
 159

Ms. Hazel: Maraming pagsubok. Pero hindi alintana ang hirap at pagod basta makapag
serbisyo at isipin ang sinumpaang tungkulin. Andun ‘yung point na nagbahay- bahay kme
upang ipagbigay alam kung ano-ano ang mga klase ng mga basura na naka-schedule sa
bawat barangay na nasasakop. Nagpamigay ng flyers, nagpatawag ng meeting sa mga
committee ng environment sa bawat barangay, subdivision at mga establishtment. Mahirap
sa mahirap lalo na kung ang ibang tao ay sarado ang pang intindi at nakasanayan na nila
ang mga bagay bagay. Pero walang imposible basta mahal mo ang iyong ginagawa hindi
ka magsasawa na ipaliwanag kahit paulit ulit.

Mr. Kristian: Kumbaga kasi yearly may bagong program. Sa una, may isang unang
barangay pa lang kung saan doon pa lang kami naka-focus. Kumbaga sa unang barangay
namin na iyon tine-test kung paano kami mag-IEC. So, habang tumatagal, ‘yung barangay
na mismo ang lumalapit kung pwede ba sila magpa-IEC, kung pwede ba sila magpa-discuss
ng R.A. 9003. ‘yung mga barangay, kapag nagkaroon sila ng program o project regarding
sa environment, kapag nakita nila sa ibang barangay so parang gusto nila mas gayahin pa
nila ‘to. Kumbaga kami, hindi na kami nahihirapan na pasunurin ‘yung mga barangay kasi
‘yung mga barangay na mismo ang nagkakaintindahan na sila mismo doon sa
pagpapatupad ng programa ng R.A. 9003 kasi ayun na ‘yung result na maganda ang
ipinakita ng mga staff ng MENRO Baliuag sa pagpapatupad ng R.A. 9003.

So, doon naman sa batas na R.A. 9003, maganda naman siya wala naman kaming
nakikitang mali sa batas na ‘yon. Kung tama ang pagpapatupad mo sa R.A. 9003 siguro
mas magiging successful ‘yung municipality mo. So, kasi sa amin sa Municipality o City
ng Baliuag, dahil sa team namin na nagkaroon kami ng mga division, na-implement namin
‘yung mga sari-sarili naming program per division. So, nakapaloob ‘yun sa may
R.A. 9003 sa amin.

Interviewer: Sir, may tanong lang po ako since may nabanggit po noon si Mr. Luna ‘yung
pagfi-file po ng case? Bale, nahirapan daw po kayo gawin kasi parang kulang po sa fund
and all baka po mas kaya niyong i-elaborate?
 160

Mr. Kristian: Ma’am, ganito po kasi ‘yan. Ang pagfi-file po ng case natin, kapag nag file
po tayo ng case about R.A. 9003 may mga hearing po kung tawagin. Kapag nag hearing
po tayo nand’yan po ‘yung gastos at pagkain at pamasahe ng mga uma-attend sa hearing.
Noong sa una pong hearing is talo dahil kulang po sa ebidensya para sa picture. Noong sa
pangalawang hearing po ay may ebidensya na dahil mga mga video na. ‘yung pangatlong
hearing, ‘yun ‘yung nanalo. So, ang nangyari noong nanalo, sa R.A. 9003 pala ay mababa
pa ang bail niya that time. Di ko lang alam ngayon kung tumaas na.

Mr. Ronald: 8,000 lang.

Mr. Kristian: So, malaki pa ‘yung gastos ng mga pumunta sa hearing kaysa sa gastos sa
bail.

Interviewer: ‘Yung ginagamit n’yo po ay sariling pera po ba ‘yun ng CENRO o may

allotted fund po doon?

Mr. Kristian: Sariling pondo po nung uma-attend ng hearing. Kaya tini-ticket-an na lang
namin ang nahuhuli. Kaya kapag nahuli, 2,500 agad ang ticket mo. Kasi kapag hinuli mo,
sa batas kasi makukulong s’ya, kaya lang kasi kapag first offense sa ganon parang may day
lang s’ya na pwede siyang makulong.

Interviewer: Follow-up question ko lang po kasi sa unang kaso n’yo po is talo dahil
walang ebidensya. Ang tanong ko lang po ay wala po bang seminar sa inyo kung paano po
proper na pag-file ng case?

Mr. Kristian: May proper way naman po, tinuro naman po sa amin ang proper way ng
pag file po ng case. Ang naging problem po noon is gabi po ang time na nahuli sila since
gabi din po ang time namin nung pagse-search. So, ang pagtatapon is sobrang hindi na kita,
kasi sa picture kasi gabi na eh, sa gabi kasi madalas nagtatapon kung saan madilim ang
area. Kumbaga, hindi na masyado kita kasi malabo na ‘yung picture na makukuha kaya
halos hindi na s’ya kita. ‘Yun lang ang main reason namin nung unang kaso na ‘yun.
 161

Since walang nilalagay si barangay sa area na ‘yon that time kaya ayun malabo ang picture
n’ya so di talaga kita. So, ayun nga, parang nagkaroon kasi ng lack of evidence ‘yung case.
Kumbaga ang gusto ng judge nun ay gusto niyang makita na caught in the act na nagtatapon
siya ng waste sa mismong area na yon.

Interviewer: Isa pa po, may nabanggit din po kasi si Sir Luna about naman sa penalties,
ayun nga po connected doon sa file. Kumbaga may sinasabi po s’ya na hindi na po ganun
ka-effective parang di na raw po natatakot ang tao na mag bayad since mababa po ang
nakasaad sa batas. Ang tanong ko lang po kasi nung nireview namin ang 9003 may nakita
kami na section na every 3 years ay dapat nagtataas ng 10% ang penalties para
ma-compensate ang inflation and all? Naa-apply n’yo po ba ‘yun o gumagawa kayo ng
sariling amount nang pinapataw sa mga sumusuway sa solid waste sa pagtatapon po ng
tama?

Mr. Ronald: Nagkaroon kami ng sarili naming ordinansa ng Sandiganbayan. Sa SB,

kumbaga sila na gumawa and tinitignan na lang namin every year kung okay ba ang
penalties. Dati nasa 500 lang pero ngayon nasa 2,500 na ‘yung ticket, ‘yun ‘yung first
offense namin. Second offense is 5,000 and then 10,000 ata ang 3rd offense kaya
napakabigat talaga para sa mahuhuli. Kaya sa first offense na 2,500 ay talagang marami ka
nang mahuhuli pero pag nahuli ka talagang sorry kasi ginawa mo naman ‘yun, lumabag ka
sa batas na R.A. 9003.

Interviewer: May mga probisyon ba ito na mahirap isagawa noong mga oras na iyon? May
mga probisyon na sa tingin n’yoay hindi naaangkop sa bayan niyo? O di kaya naman po,
ano sa tingin ninyo ang mga naging pagkukulang ng mga nakaatas sa implementasyon
upang maging epektibo ang batas na ito sa inyong bayan? Ano po ang mga hakbang na
ginawa n’yopara makumbinsi ang mga mamamayan ng Baliuag na makilahok sa SWM
plan niyo?
 162

Mr. Kenneth: Magsimula tayo doon sa mga hakbang na tinatawag na Information

Education Caravan (IEC) namin, ito ‘yung case-to-case basis kasi ‘yan e. Mayroon kaming
ginawa na Age-environmental Education kami sa mga school, barangay saka sa mga
household and barangay officials. Within the Information Education Drive, kagaya nga ng
sinabi ko kanina, natututo o nagiging aware na ang mga tao na kung ano ba ang dapat at
tama nilang gawin about sa waste management natin. Kaya ang nangyari ay nagiging aware
sila kung paano ang proper waste management, kung paano mag segregate. Tapos gumawa
rin kami ng plans and programs kagaya ng Barangay Summit.

Mr. Ronald: Oo, mayroon tayong barangay summit every year. Pero mostly ay ‘yung sa
IEC.

Mr. Kristian: So, ayun po, nagkakaroon po kami ng Barangay Summit, may Green
Governance din po. Dito po pag-uusapan ang plans and programs ng bawat barangay tapos
kung ano po ‘yung mga programs na i-implement nila para po for the next year or for the
next proper ay handa na po para kung ano po ‘yung ipinasa sa amin na plans and program.
Sa barangay po kasi, hindi s’ya makakapag pasa ng budget kung walang approve ni Sir
Edgar Luna. Kaya po kung ano ‘yung plans and program na binigay nila, ‘yun po ang dapat
i-implement nila sa susunod na taon.

Mr. Ronald: Tapos naging programa nga rin si Palit-Basura, Palit Basura sa Paaralan, May
load ka sa Basura and then ‘yung every 27 barangay mayroon kaming dalawa para naging
Palit Basura namin sa Baliuag is 54 plus every school nagkaroon din kami ng Palit Basura
sa Paaralan kaya ‘yung iba dahil sa IEC namin at dahil sa programa namin, talagang
nahikayat namin sila na mag comply sa R.A. 9003 kaya maganda naman ang kinalabasan
ngayon. Ngayon pumasok si Aling Tindera na si Aling Tindera naman malaki ang tulong
para sa Republic Act no. 9003.

Interviewer: Iba pa po ba ‘yung Aling Tindera sa Palit Basura?

 163

Mr. Kristian: Si Aling Tindera po, ni-level up n’ya lang po si Palit Basura. Si Palit Basura
po is ‘yung mga basura na may pakinabang pa po like ‘yung mga sachet, ang pinapalit
naman po namin is ‘yung mga goods. Ito naman pong si Aling Tindera, ang kapalit naman
po is pera. Magkaiba po s’ya pero si Aling Tindera po ay ni-level up lang si Palit Basura.

Interviewer: Tuloy na lang din po natin ‘yung kanina, ‘yung kay Aling tindera po, bago
lang po ba ‘yun? Wala po kasi ‘yun sa nabanggit ni Sir Luna e.

Mr. Kristian: Yes ma’am, bago po siya. Na-implement po s’ya noong 2023, January 2023
po. Ang project po na ito is mga plastic po s’ya e. Any kinds of plastic po ang kinokolekta
n’ya. Dahil imbes po na mga goods, mga sabon po, ang binibigay na po n’ya is pera.

Interviewer: Okay po next question na po tayo. Kailan n’yo po napansin ‘yung pagiging
sibilisado o ‘yung pagiging improvement po ng Baliuag simula po noong nagkaroon ng
9003? Simula po ba noong panahon na ito. Kunwari po nung napirmahan n’yo ‘yung
10-year plan niyo? or noong nagka-awards po kayo? Kailan po? Kaya n’yo po bang
i-identify kung kailan?

Ms. Hazel: Year 2016 nang kami ay mag umpisa sa aming kampanya sa solid waste
management. Nakikita naman namin na simula nung kami ay bumaba kada barangay may
improvement naman. May mga sumusunod na at may mga pasaway padin.

Mr. Kristian: I think mga 3rd quarter, ng 2017. 3rd quarter ng 2017. Kasi ma’am nun 3rd
quarter ng 2017, nung July 2016, doon po nagstart ‘yung MENRO e. Doon po nagstart
‘yung spotting pattern po namin na magkaroon po ng mga dibisyon nung pagkadating po
o pagdating po ng mga MENRO staff, naabutan na po kami ng mga MENRO Staff, o
pinadala napo kami ni Mayor doon sa environment, agad agaran pong nagstart napo ‘yung
pag-iimplement ng mga batas po natin or kasama na po doon ‘yung
 164

9003. So, nagstart po kami noong 2 barangays po. Nagkaroon po kami ng seminar nga po
sa kanila, tapos inactivate po namin ‘yung solid waste management board po nila. Noong
2016. Tsaka po nung 2016 last quarter, doon po nagkaroon ng mga programa, ng mga batas
ng barangay po natin. Kaya po nung pagdating po nung 1st quarter ng 2017, dito napo nila
inimplement ‘yung mga program po nila. So may mga ibang, iba pa po ‘yung mga barangay
captain that time. Parang nung inimplement natin, ‘yung pagbaban ba ng ano yon. O iba
pa ‘yon? ‘yung mga barangay captain?

Mr. Ronald: Oo may mga iba kasi may mga napalitan na kasing mga barangay captain.

Mr. Kristian: Pero naging successful s’ya noong 2017 nung mga 3rd quarter.

Interviewer: As in ano po siya? Talagang successful? hindi po ‘yung kumbaga gradual

‘yung development? Talagang na-meet n’yo po agad ‘yung pagiging successful? Tama po
ba?

Mr. Ronald: Hindi po ma’am e. Kumbaga hindi po siya agad successful. Kumbaga ano
ma’am, may nabago na ano, na nakasanayan na ng barangay.

Mr. Kenneth: Noong mga nakasanayan.

Mr. Kristian: Halimbawa ma’am ‘yung mga Solid Waste Management Committee ng
mga barangay, so inactivate namin ‘yun sa mga barangay. Bukod sa may Solid Waste
Management plan ang munisipyo, may Solid Waste Management Plan din ang mga
barangay para ‘di sila mahirapan.
Doon palang ma’am, alam na naman na unti-unti, kumbaga sa 10 steps, nasa pangatlo na
kami sa pagiging successful sa batas ng 9003.

Interviewer: Pero ‘yung sinasabi n’yo pong mga practices and programs n’yo po. Kasama
po ‘yon sa 10-year plan niyo? o wala pa pong 10-year plan noong 2017?
 165

Mr. Kristian: Wala pa pong ginagawa na po that time.

Interviewer: Ah ginagawa palang po. Okay po.

Mr. Kenneth: Kasi kapag po s’ya na-approved, may mga dapat na nakalagay doon, na
mga program, mga dapat plans and programs dapat nakalagay din po doon sa 10-year solid
waste management plan po natin. Tapos po nung nagkaroon po kasi kami ng 10-year
solid waste management plan, inutos po kasi ng MENRO, ni Sir Edgar Luna na magkaroon
ng barangay ng 3-year solid waste management plan so hindi s’ya 10. 3-year
solid waste management plan lang s’ya, sa barangay nila noon po.

Interviewer: Ilan taon po?

Mr. Kristian: 3-year lang po. Kumbaga adaptation lang po. Kumbaga parang iyon po
‘yung 10 year solid waste management plan po ng mga barangay po natin.

Interviewer: Bali po kumbaga ‘yung MENRO or CENRO po ang nagbaba ng maaaring

ordinansa na magkaroon ng 3-year solid waste management plan ang bawat barangay ng
Baliuag?

Mr. Kristian: Yes, po Sir.

Interviewer: Ay gano’n.

Mr. Kristian: So bago pa po ipa-implement po ng Region 3 is naipa-implement na po ng

MENRO Baliuag natin ‘yung 3-year solid waste management plan po ng mga barangay po
natin.
 166

Interviewer: So ‘yan din po, ‘yan din po ‘yung nasasabi n’yo po sir kanina na dyan nyo
po unting-unting nakita ‘yung pagiging sibilisado ng Baliuag tungkol sa solid waste
management, noong 3rd quarter ng 2017?

Mr. Kristian: Opo. Kumbaga nandoon palang, successful pa lang ‘yung unang step siguro
pero ‘yung pinakasuccess po mahirap pang makuha o marating ‘yon kasi lalo na ang pinag-
uusapan natin is ‘yung solid waste management ‘yung mga waste natin, kasi mahirap talaga
na i-100% ‘yung sa mga waste natin e, lalo na ‘yung mga waste natin, ‘yung mga
kinokolekta ng garbage truck? mahirap kasi siyang i-100%. Kumbaga nandoon, ‘yung
unang step, ‘yung 10% ng successful rate is nung 2017.

Interviewer: Ah kumbaga nung 2017 na iyon, nakikita n’yo na po ‘yung progress pero
‘yung successful mismo ng solid waste management e hindi n’yo pa po talaga na mi-
meet? Which is parang, ang kanina po, nakikita n’yo pa lang po ‘yung progress ng sinasabi
n’yong solid waste management?

Mr. Kristian: Yes po. Noong 2017 ito na talaga ‘yung mga program natin.

Mr. Kenneth: Oo. Ahh, share ko lang din before kasi namin 2016 kami napasok, before
kami napasok at nagsimula sa Environmental Office o sa CENRO ang dami naming
pinagdaanan na hindi naman gano’n kadali para sa isang bayan. Ang Baliuag kasi isa na
‘yan malaking bayan na maituturing, first class municipality na. Uhmm halos ang dami
nang tao dito, so nahirapan kami doon sa mga tao, sa mga residente na malapit sa irrigation
‘yung mga nakatira don. So ‘yun nga gaya ng sabi ko kanina, paulit ulit namin silang
pinapaalalahanan, nagme-meeting kami. Ano ba ‘yung mga strategy namin kung paano
natin maie-educate tsaka paano natin male-lessen ‘yung mga waste natin sa City of Baliuag.

Interviewer: Matanong lang po ulit. Kanina po may nabanggit po kayo about doon sa
pattern, sa division po ba ito?
 167

Mr. Kenneth: Yes po.

Interviewer: Ah pwede n’yo po ba i-elaborate o maipaliwanag po sa amin kung ano po

‘yung mga sector nung mga division na ito. Kasi po kanina sa school, kumbaga may mga
sarili po ba kayong tawag o ginawang mga tawag sa kanila o committee po ba ito?

Mr. Kristian: Ahh division po.

Interviewer: So ilan pong division ‘yon Sir?

Mr. Kenneth: So ganito po ‘yon. Nag-start po tayo doon sa IEC o ‘yung Information
Education Campaign group division, ‘yun po ‘yung responsible sila sa environmental
awareness, sila ‘yung bumababa sa mga barangay, sa schools establishment para mag-
educate about sa proper waste segregation. So ‘yung una nating division. Next naman
mayroon tayo dyan na Land Management Division, na ang sakop naman po nito ay ‘yung
mga namamahala sa mga parts enrollments natin. Pag may mga iti-trim na puno, ‘yung
mga may concerns sa mga trimming and cutting permits sila ‘yung mga nagi-inspect then
before po ‘yung tinatawag na Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program ito ‘yung responsible
naman sa ating irrigation ‘yung ginagawa nila, sila ‘yung nagmo-monitor, nagfa-
facilitate naglilinis ng mga irigasyon sa Baliuag.

Next naman is ‘yung Monitoring Group. Ito naman po ay ginagawa nila pupunta from
business permit po. Kailangan po nating magcomply sa environmental, ‘yung ginagawa po
nila, pag kukuha po sila ng environmental permit po sa amin, responsible po ang
monitoring dito, nagi-inspect po sila sa mga establishment, used establishment, titingnan
kung sila ba ay nagcocomply sa mga rules and regulation ng Baliuag about sa proper waste
management po, liquid waste, solid waste. ‘yon po. Then monitoring, admin, efficient and
‘yung eco-police po.
 168

‘Yung mga Eco-Police po mayroon pong naka-duty sa mga irigation natin, gabi hanggang
umaga sila doon. Binabantayan nila, chinecheck nila ‘yung mga magtatapon magda-dump
ng basura doon. Mayroon din pong mga nasa designated area na bawal manigarilyo. Sila
po ‘yung mga nanghuhuli doon. Sila po ‘yung mga responsible na manghuli para
halimbawa po sa no smoking area. mayroon pong mga nakabantay doon, kapag may
nakitang may naninigarilyo, sila ‘yung manghuhuli doon, authorized na manghuli,
titicketan, at tsaka dadalhin sa office. Magcocomunity service or magbabayad ka ng fines.
Iyon po.

Interviewer: So ‘yun po ‘yung pattern o division na sinasabi n’yo po ‘no? Pero doon po.

Mr. Kristian: Kumbaga po. mayroon pa po. Si Mr. Emales ex sector po. Doon po dinadala
po ‘yung mga waste natin so segregate na po. So kung nakasegregate na po s’ya sa mga
bahay, ‘pag cinollect po siya ni garbage collector po natin, dadalhin pa po s’ya sa barangay
MRF, segregate na po doon, dadalhin po s’ya sa Central MRF du’n natin po ipinagse-
segregate po natin ang mga basura dito para makita po kung ano pa po ang hindi pa
nakukuha. Kunwari po na basura halimbawa po may mga plastic pa po siya na pwede po
nating ipalit sa tindera, doon po pumapasok si MRF sector natin. Tapos tulad po ng sabi ko
kanina, si garbage collector naman po nakapasok naman po sa solid waste management
office po natin, si solid waste management natin nandito naman po si garbage collector, si
garbage truck ‘yung mga street sweeper po natin. Kumbaga po nakahiwalay po si CENRO
at si Solid Waste Management Division natin.

Mr. Ronald: Ah excuse, dadagdag ko lang din sa MRF division natin, dito pa Central
MRF dinadala ‘yung mga halimbawa po, nagkaroon po kami ng implementation, lalo na
po ‘yung naalala n’yopa ba ‘yung sa mga buko vendor? Syempre ‘yung mga waste po ng
coco shell, doon po siya dinadala, then mayroon din po tayong facility na parang isshred
and then ang makukuha mong product du’n is coco fit, coco fiber. Na ang ginagawa naman
from coconut shell. Imbes na itapon sa sanitary landfill, ginagawan pa siya ng parang pang
livelihood sa bayan natin. And then ‘yung mga bote na hindi naman nagagamit at dinadala
sa junk shop doon din dinadala tawag din merong glass pulverizer
 169

na itong glass pulverizer ay pwede namang pag nagpulverized na siya, pwede siyang ibenta
sa mga may bumibili kasi non. Then and even sa MRF division din kasi ‘yung
nagpoprocess noon. ‘yung mga recycled recyclable na gumagawa ng pigments,
ginagamitan ng hinahaluan ng ano durog na crushed na plastic na naiipon. So kasi hindi ba
‘yung mga crushed plastic naman is hindi naman binibili sa junk shop. Andoon ‘yung
kumbaga from total waste products ginagawa ng pang livelihood.

Interview: Bago po tayo lumipat mga sir sa next question. Bago po ‘yung sinabi natin na
2017 o ‘yung 3rd quarter ng 2017. Lahat po iyon ay nagagawa na ng Baliuag?

Mr. Kristian: Yes po.

Interviewer: So ‘yung makikita ‘yung unti-unting pagiging sibilisado ng Baliuag sa solid

waste management?

Mr. Kristian: Opo. Kumbaga po kasi parang civilized naman na matatawag pero mas nag-
upgrade kami. Kumbaga hindi kami nag focus na hanggang dito lang ‘yung goal natin
ieducate or paano ‘yung strategy kung paano male-lessen o mapapabilis ang pagresolba
natin sa solid waste.

Interviewer: Ahh kumbaga hindi po talaga naging stagnant ang Baliuag sa kung ano lang
po ang dapat gawin kumbaga nag-evolved po talaga ang Baliuag.

P3, P4 and P5: Yes po.

Interviewer: Dumako naman po tayo sa next question since natanong napo kanina ‘yung
5.1 na question. Sino ang mga namahala noon at paano ninyo/nila ipinatupad ang batas?
Interviewer: Sa pagkakataon na nagkakaroon ng panibagong grupo ng awtoridad na
nakaatas sa mga alintuntunin ng pagiging miyembro ng LGU ng Baliuag, ano-ano po sa
tingin ninyo ang mga nagiging implikasyon pagdating sa pamamahala ng mga batas, lalo
na sa Solid Waste Management?
 170

Mr. Kristian: Kung paano ba napapalitan ‘yung tao? Paano tinutuloy? Ganon ba? So
ganito ang ano lang naman. Kagaya ng sinabi namin kanina may binuo tayong 10-year
solid waste management plan. So, sa 10-year solid waste management plan nayon nandon
‘yung pattern, plans and programs ng City of Baliuag. Siguro naka hindi naman siguro
magdadowngrade kung kanino nasimulan. Mas maganda nga kung gaya ng sinabi namin
kanina kung tinuloy kasi nagiging sibilisado. Kumbaga nag-upgrade lang tayo.

Interviewer: Sir sorry po mahina po sa end ko paano nag-upgrade po? Nag-upgrade lang
po ba kayo sa kung anong mayroon dati noong naupo kayo?

Mr. Ronald: Hindi lang upgrade. I mean kung nasanay ‘di ba tayo na mayroon
nangongolekta at naghahakot ng basura natin. Gumawa tayo ng paraan kung paano
mapapadali ang problema natin sa waste. Kaya gumawa tayo ng programa gaya ng mga
buko na imbes na itapon at isama sa sanitary landfill ay nagagawan pa ng panibagong way
para hindi i-dispose at napapakinabangan pa ulit.

Interviewer: Kapag nagroon po ng changes sa mga nag le-lead sa solid waste

management, nagbabago po ba kayo ng mga initiatives nila noon and ‘yung ways ng
implementation nila ‘yung paraan ng implementation po ba nila is binabago n’yo po ba?
Or hindi naman? Sige po kahit doon na lang po tayo mag-dwell.

Mr. Kristian: Since si Edgar nga po inabutan naming MENRO hindi pa CENRO Baliuag.
So ‘yung mga program n’ya noon tinuloy lang hanggang ngayon. ‘yung 9003 ‘yung pinai-
implement n’ya is tinutuloy lang namin ngayon. Kumbaga ang ginagawa namin ngayon is
para mas mapadali ang tao kung paano ano ba ang batas nato. Kasi ‘yung mga tao hindi
alam kung ano ba ang batas na’to. So, kami gumagawa kami ng kilos kung paano namin
papadaling sabihin sa mga tao. Padadaliin sa kanila ipasok o ipa-implement sa kanila kung
ano ba ‘yung batas ng 9003. Kumbaga para lang kaming paano papadaliin. So, sa sinabi
n’yo po tinuloy lang po namin ‘yung mga programa na ginagawa ni Sir Edgar dati. Si Sir
Edgar naman na po talaga.
 171

Interviewer: Nung naabutan n’yo po si Sir Edgar Luna, sino po ‘yung naabutan n’yong
nakaupo sa pagiging mayor?

Mr. Kristian: Nakaupo no’n ‘yung kalaban ng Mayor namin that time noong 2016.

Interviewer: Sino po, sir?

P3: ‘yung kalaban po ng Mayor namin ang nakaupo.

Interviewer: Gusto n’yo pong sabihin Sir Kenneth na bali nung time po na ‘yon nung
pumasok kayo sa MENRO pa. MENRO pa noon, ang nakaupo na ay si Sir Edgar pero
ang nakaupong mayor is kalaban nung mayor n’yongayon.

Mr. Ronald: Hindi po nung napasok po kami. Actually, ganito kasi ‘yan. 2016 na-create
lang talaga ‘yung MENRO. Past administration wala pang MENRO noon. So nung pumalit
na ‘yung mayor namin ngayon, doon lang nagkaroon ng MENRO. Tapos mayroon plano
si Sir Edgar noon about sa solid waste na ngayon ay tinutuloy na namin. So, it means kahit
saan naman po wala talagang MENRO. Actually ’yung Bustos wala rin MENRO. Kumbaga
2016, itutuloy lang siya tapos dinadagdagan lang namin kung ano ang mas mapapadali.

Mr. Kenneth: Noong 2015 pa. Si Sir Edgar pa lang po kasi ’yung MENRO noon hindi pa
nagagawa talaga ’yung Solid Waste Management natin so 2016 nagpalit ng Mayor saka po
kami napasok. Tapos po kung ano ‘yung nakalagay sa 10-year plan ng MENRO, ‘yun po
ngayon ‘yung ginagawa namin. Tinutuloy po namin.

Mr. Kristian: 2015 po is mayroon na noong Environmental Office pero hindi po siya
ganon ka active that time. Inactive po siya.
 172

Interviewer: ‘Yun nabanggit nga po natin ngayon na kayo na po ang mga taong
responsable pagdating sa pamamahala, ano-ano ang mga kasalukuyang ipinatutupad n’yo
sa mga mamamayan upang mas makapagbigay ng tulong para makamit ang kalinisan ng
inyong bayan? Ayon nga po kanina po na-tackle natin is kapag nagbabago po kayo ng
authority for example ‘yung mayor natutuloy po talaga ng Baliuag ‘yung nasimulan kasi
mayroon po silang guide na 10-year solid waste management plan. Pwede n’yo po ba kami
bigyan kung paano n’yo po itinuloy n’yo po ba ang mga naging programa ng mga nagdaang
opisyal na ito o kayo ay nagsagawa ng panibagong plano upang mas mapa-igting ang
R.A. 9003?

Mr. Ronald: Sa pagpasok po namin mayroon na pong program kagaya ng sabi ko kanina
na ‘tapat ko linis ko’ considered as clean-up drive. So ang nangyari, ngayon from naging
simultaneous at every Saturday naglilinis lahat ng barangay nagkaroon ng weekly
clean-up drive ganyan start doon.

Interviewer: Kumbaga nag-start doon. Pwede ko rin po ba malaman doon sa clean-up

drive na yon, Sino sino po pwedeng maging participants sa clean-up drive?

Mr. Ronald: So, kung pagpasok po namin mayroon nagpapalinis clean-up drive.
Nagkaroon po kami ng programa ng Barangay Environmental Committee which is
responsible na sila sa every Saturday is maglilinis sa kanya-kanya nilang lugar. Before
kami nag weekly cleanup drive nagsimula kami sa monthly. mayroon lagi sa isang buwan
namimili kami ng host barangay na lilinisin. Mga ilang months yon. Kumbaga natuto sila
na program na buwan-buwan. Natuto na sila maglinis hanggang sa ginawa naming per
weekly na hanggang sa per barangay na ang nagagawa ng clean-up drive na ‘yun. Hindi na
‘yung na-ghost na lang ng isang barangay. Nagpa-participate ‘yung ibang barangay na
kanya kanya kasi nasanay na sila every Saturday naglilinis sila. Pwede na silang
magkasabay-sabay. Kumbaga sa isang sabado within 27 barangay sabay-sabay na silang
naglilinis ng barangay nila per area.
 173

Interviewer: Aside sa clean-up drive ano papo ang programang natuloy niyo?

Mr. Kenneth: Ayun po nagkaroon po tayo ngayon ng mga tree planting projects na
nilalahukan naman po ng iba’t-ibang sectors. May mga private sector small programs. Then
nagkaroon din po tayo ng ngayon ng environmental awareness, seminar na pwede i-request
ng school, or kami ‘yung magrerequest na pupunta kami sa kanila, school sa establishment
sa households. And then awareness, tree planting. Tapos kagaya ng mga feasibility study
ng mga students na yan kagaya niyo na pag nagpupunta sila sa office nasasagot naman
namin ‘yung mga katanungan, or mayroon kayong mga research.

Mr. Ronald: ‘Yung additional po dun sa mga plan and programs? ‘yung mga naging plans
and programs namin ngayon sa CENRO is every barangay magkakaroon sila ng sari sarili
nilang MRF. Hindi lang barangay, andiyan din ‘yung school. Lahat ng homeowners ‘yung
mga subdivision village kailangan mayroon din silang sari sariling MRF. Sa school din
mayroon din dapat silang MRF facility kung saan nila ilalagak ‘yung mga produkto na hindi
na nabubulok o nasisira at hindi napapakinabangan.

Interviewer: Kasama po ba yan sa 10-year solid waste management plan o sarili n’yo pong
initiative ng Baliuag Bulacan?

Mr. Kristian: Kasama yan sa 10-year solid waste management plan ng Baliuag.

Interviewer: So yan po sabi n’yo lahat ng plano niyong projects po na iyan ay nakalagay
sa 10-year solid waste management plan at talagang natutupad natin sa inyong 10-year
Solid Waste Management Plan, lahat po ba ng plano n’yo na nakasaad doon ay nasusunod
o ‘di kaya ay natutupad? Maaari po ba ninyo isa-isahin?
 174

Mr. Ronald: Yes po. Natutupad naming. Nagkaroon kami ng kaunting achievement for
example 3 times kaming nagnumber 1 sa Manila Bayani. ‘Yung mga nakalagay tapos 2nd
lang kami. Siguro 4 times kaming nanalo, isa second kaya natutupad namin ‘yung mga
nakalagay dun sa 10-year solid waste management plan.

Ms. Hazel: Yes, simula sa pagkakaroon ng weekly clean-up drive sa barangay. Information
drive para sa awareness ng mga tao, mga NGO na nakikipag-tie up sa mga program ng
ating City-ENRO. Masasabi ko na napaka laki na talaga ng tulong at pagbabago.

Interviewer: Pwede po ba namin sir malaman kung ano ‘yung parang criteria para
makapasok or manalo sa Manila Bay po ba ‘yon?

Mr. Kristian: Sa Manila Bay po mayroon po siyang 4 na criteria. Unang-una po is Solid

Waste Management, Liquid Management, Informant Settler Managing, panghuli po is IEC
and EIP. Yan po ‘yung apat na criteria po. Sa kada criteria pong iyan may nakaloob po ng
question o ‘yung mga kinakailangan pong hindi na mga documents or mga program po.

Interviewer: Sige po, maraming salamat po. Pero may itatanong lang po ako. ‘yung sa 10-
year solid waste management plan po, kayo po ay nagkakaroon ng pagu-update sa
mismong solid waste management plan no?

Mr. Kristian: Kailangan po every 3 years inu-update po ‘yung waste analysis

characterization po natin, every 5 years po pala. Kaya inuupdate po natin ‘yung 10-year
solid waste management plan kasi kailangan po natin i-update ‘yung waste analysis
characterization natin or ‘yung WAC's.

Interviewer: Ano po paulit po sir kung tuwing kada kailan n’yo siya inu-update?
 175

Mr. Kristian: Every 5 years po.

Interviewer: Ahh okay. Sa 5 years po na yun na pag-update, saan n’yo po s’ya pinapasa?
After 5 years kapag update niyo po ng solid waste management plan, mayroon po ba
kayong pinapasahan na agencies na para makita nila ‘yung progress report natin na
makita nila na ito ‘yung nagiging update namin sa 10-year solid waste management plan?

Mr. Kristian: Una po pag ginagawa po ang 10-year solid waste management plan
ide-defend na po s’ya eh. Pag sa paged-defend po nandyan po si EMB, Region III DENR
kasama po ‘yung ibang ahensya ng national. So pag inupdate po natin, ipapasa din po
natin siya sa DILG, DENR, EMB Regional and national po.

Interviewer: Ah parang nagte-thesis defense din po kayo. May tatanong lang po ko ‘di
ba po natanong po natin kung nasusunod natin ‘yung 10-year solid waste management plan
o kung napapatupad po ba natin ‘yon. Gusto ko lang pong itanong kung mayroon po ba sa
10-year solid waste management plan na naging parang nagkaroon kayo ng struggle na
nahirapan kayo ipatupad sa Baliuag?

Mr. Roland: mayroon din. Tulad ng mga MRF kada barangay. Kasi may ibang barangay
na wala silang place para sa sarili nilang MRF, and then ‘yung pagkakaroon ng sarili nilang
truck, hindi pa rin talaga nila ganon ka nabibigyan ‘yung ibang barangay. Kaya iyon ‘yung
nagiging problema namin ngayon waste segregation sa iba lang.

Mr. Kristian: Maidagdag ko lang. Sa problema na ‘yon kasi is may laging solusyon. Ang
solusyon namin is maging ano muna sila. Municipality muna ang kukuha ng basura nila
since wala pa naman silang truck. Tapos kung wala silang MRF, dinadala naman nila sa
Central MRF natin so ‘yun siguro ‘yung dati at unang mahirap na pagpapa-implement sa
MRF at garbage truck since si Baliuag is kaunti nalang ‘yung slot don sa mga kabayanan,
wala na ganoong slot para doon sa pagtayuan ng MRF so don nahihirapan ‘yung LGU na
maghanap ng area na pagtatayuan ng MRF.
 176

Nung mga nakaraang panahon. ‘yung number naming hinahanap ngayon ‘yung
paghahanap ng lupa na tatayuan ng MRF. Kasi sa batas dapat magkaroon na si barangay
ng sari sarili nilang MRF at garbage collector na kokolekta sa mga household nila.

Interviewer: Maidagdag ko lang din po ‘yung about sa 10-year solid waste management
plan. Kayo po ba ‘yung nagdadagdag don o naglalagay doon nung magiging allocated
budget sa inyo, o ‘yung national commission po ‘yung nagpro-provide kung magkano po
‘yung magiging pondo niyo? O ‘yung national commission po ang nagbigay ng pondo?

Mr. Kristian: Nung ginawa kasi ‘yung 10-year solid waste management plan namin,
nagpatulong kami kay DENR. Isa si DENR sa nag-fund ng Environmental Program namin,
pero mostly si Sir Edgar ang naglalagay ng fund namin saka si DILG. ‘Yon ‘yung mga
naglagay ng mga budgetary sa solid waste management plan.

Interviewer: Pino-propose po ba ‘yun? O basta na lang ibinibigay ito ‘yun na ang

magiging budget n’yo sa taon na ’to. Or kunwari po si Sir Luna po ba ‘yung nagsasabi na
kailangan n’yong 10 million?

Mr. Ronald: Tulad ng pagkakaroon namin ng mga Central MRF, kailangan talaga ng
budget tulad ng pagbili ng mga machine ‘yung pagkumpleto ng machine, milyon ang
inaabot. Kaya nanggagaling talaga yan sa Mayor namin sa LGU.

Interviewer: Pero sir paano po ‘di ba ‘yung CENRO ang humahawak sa Environment And
Natural Resources mayroon kayong kinakailangan machineries o kagamitan sa practices
n’yo na makakatulong sa environment pero paano nyo po nire-request. Ano po ‘yung
proceedings nyo sa paghingi ng pera. Inire-request n’yo po ba siya kay mismong Mayor
and then po si Mayor po ang magre-request sa national, ganoon po ba siya? Ano po ba
‘yung mga procurement plan niyo?
 177

Mr. Kenneth: Lahat ‘yan tulad ng Environmental Education, may allotted budget sa city
hall kung magkano lang ang budget na ibibigay ng munisipyo sa CENRO, ‘yun lang din
ang pinagkakasya namin. Humihingi na lang din kami. Nagre-request na lang din kami ng
panibagong budget sa national para sa ganitong project etc.

Mr. Kristian: May allotted budget lang po ang city natin. Nakadepende sa national kung
magkakano ibibigay niya. mayroon pong budget si environment. Kasi sa pagkakaintindi
ko ‘yung environment wala pa ata siyang masyadong budget. Manggagaling lang ‘yung
budget niya sa Office Of The Mayor. 10% lang budget ng munisipyo is para sa
environment lang ibig sabihin may sarili kasing budget ‘yung National Agencies natin kaya
hindi kami pwedeng mag-request ng madami kasi limited talaga ‘yung nakalaan samin.
Kumporme sa kung magkano ibibigay sa atin.

Interviewer: So, subject for approval pa rin po lahat?

Mr. Kristian: Yes po.

Interviewer: Pero po CENRO ang magre-request ng proposal budget n’yo kaya

nakadepende sa kung gaano lang po ang kayang maiabot sa inyo, gano’n po ba?

Mr. Kristian: May mga percentage budget lang po ang mga office kahit saang office may
percentage lang po na budget sa mga office hindi lang sa MENRO kung hindi sa iba ring
municipality.

Mr. Ronald: Doon sa budget, tulad nung mga barangay may allotted budget din sila sa
environment kaya hindi kami nahihirapan magdagdag ng programa. Tulad ng isang
barangay mayroon siyang allotted budget 300,000 na budget sa pagpapatayo ng MRF at
pagma-maintain ng MRF, sa maintenance ng truck at ng facility.
 178

Mr. Kristian: Mostly po dito sa barangay, hindi naman po siya basta pwedeng
i-approved kung hindi okay ‘yung program n’yo, halimbawa iyong barangay po namin,
pag nagpasa po siya ng EIP ng budget, hindi po siya tatanggapin. Kasi kailangan po ng
pirma ng Department Head for environment para po ma-check namin ‘yung plans and
programs n’yo po kung magkano po iyong budget n’yo na gagamitin. So kailangan po
approved din po ng mga head para ipasa din po sa market.

Interviewer: So, ibig sabihin po nasusunod po natin ‘yung hierarchy ng government like
for example pag nag-request ang barangay sa mismong CENRO, kailangan po nilang
magpapirma ng kanilang mga progress report, tama po ba?

Mr. Kristian: Dapat nakalagay doon sa program mo iyong mga allotted budget para
makapaglabas na po kayo ng budget *****.

Interviewer: Nagkakaroon po talaga ng monitoring dun sa progress ng barangay patungkol

sa environment na kapag nakita ni Sir Edgar na may progress is aaprubahan na niya. Tama
po ba?

Mr. Kristian: Yes po.

Interviewer: May gusto pa po ba kayong idagdag po? Mayroon po bang mga idinagdag
na kasanayan o praktis upang mas maging epektibo ang batas? Since nabanggit na ni Sir
Luna ‘yung about sa palit basura, refilling station, sa load saka nabanggit n’yo na po kanina
‘yung sa Aling Tindera. May nabanggit din po kasi si Sir Luna about don sa cassava ‘yung
parang gagawin pong alternative sa plastic bag. Ang huling sabi po niya kasi doon is
naghihintay pa raw po kayo ng certification para ma-approved siya na talagang safe sa
environment. Ano napo ba ang update po doon?
 179

Mr. Kristian: ‘yung cassava plastic po ‘yon. Mga plastic bag nila is gawa sa cassava. As
of now hinihintay na lang po ng OSCO company ‘yung ilalabas na papel kung ia-approve
po so after po non next process po non is ia-adopt na po ng MENRO Baliuag kasama po si
Baliaug Green Coop. ‘yung cassava plastic bag nga po na ‘yon. Si Cassava plastic bag po
kasi, ito po ‘yung plastic bag na ‘pag nailagay n’yo lang po sa mainit na tubig is nalulusaw
na po siya.

Interviewer: So, wala pa po ‘yung certification until now?

Mr. Kristian: Wala pa po. Pag ganoon din po sa bayan ng **** kasi mayroon po tayong
tinatawag na Manila Bayani Rehabilitation And Preservation Program under po nito is
‘yung Manila Bayani Awards na ’to. Dito po sa bayan ng Baliuag gumawa po tayo ng local
term ng Manila Bayani Awards na’to so Manila Bayani Awards na po ito, nakalagay po sa
mga indicator po natin ay mayroon po siyang R.A 9003, para makita po namin kung ano
po ‘yun status ng implementation ng 9003 sa mga barangay, parang localized po nung
Manila Bayani Awards ‘yon po. Isa po ‘yun sa mga programa namin.

Interviewer: Other than that po ba na practices, mayroon pa po ba kayong is-share na

ginagawa niyo po sa bayan ng Baliuag?

Ms. Hazel: May bago tayong project na-tie up ang isang NGO para mas ma-encourage
natin ang ating mga kababayan na mag segregate since solid waste talaga ang problema
natin sa buong mundo. Ito ‘yung Aling tindera Palit Basura Project natin sa mga barangay
na sa 27 barangay mayroon na tayong 7 na nag o-operate at nakakapag-collect na ng 8,000
kilos na kung tutuusin ay dapat residual waste na siya pero pwede pa palang pakinabangan
at kumita.
 180

Mr. Kristian: Continuous lang kasi mga program namin dahil mas nilelevel lang po namin
‘yung mga program namin gaya po ni IEC, IEC division level up na po namin siya sa
discussion may changes sisimulan po namin siya sa monday para mas maintindihan po ng
mga bata in a simple way yon po ‘yung mga sample. Existing po mga programs namin pero
nile-level up lang po namin ganon din po sa mga division. Le-level papo natin ng
unti-unti.

Interviewer: mayroon po ba kayong listahan ng kung ilan na ‘yung violators ng

environment?

Mr. Kristian: Yes po, si Eco-Police po may mga record naman po noong violators natin.

Interviewer: Sa tingin n’yo po ilan?

Mr. Kristian: Hindi masyadong nakita noong huling punta nila kung ilan na eh.

Mr. Roland: Siguro mga 100 plus na ‘yung nahuhuli nila kasi everyday naman naka-
monitor sila. mayroon silang namo-monitor naman sa red guard kung ilan na nahuhuli.

Mr. Kenneth: Once po malaman na may nagpapa-implement ng batas tulad ng no

smoking, iiwas napo ‘yung mga tao sa mga public places kung saan sila pwede mahuli.
Kaya po ang nangyayari pag si Eco-Police umiikot, wala po talagang mahuli kasi nai-
implement po nila ng maayos ‘yung batas

Interviewer: Ilan po miyembro ng eco-police?

Mr. Kristian: 11 po.

 181

Interviewer: Nasabi po kanina na 100 napo ‘yung nahuhuli ninyo, Ano po to, hanggang
kailan po tong 100?

Mr. Kenneth: 2023 po

Interviewer: ah 2023 lang po.

Mr. Roland: Ganoon kakulit ang mga tao.

Mr. Kristian: Usually ‘yung mga nahuhuli nila is hindi taga Baliuag eh, taga ibang lugar
po. Halimbawa bibili lang sa baliaug kasi sentro ng kalakalan ang baliuag kasi ang mga tao
is dito bumibili, since hindi sila taga dito hindi nila alam na no smoking dito. Tapon
ng basura, mostly ‘yung nahuhuli namin dito is taga ibang lugar na siya, mayroon mga
taga baliuag pero kaunti lang.
 182

Appendix M: Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers

DENISE ELIZA B. ANDRADA

Dreamcrest Homes Subd. Block 54 Lot 15
Phase 5 Hershell St. Longos, Malolos, Bulacan
dendenndrd@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: May 07, 2001 Father’s Name: Demetrio C. Andrada

Place of Birth: Sampaloc, Manila Mother’s Name: Ma. Eliza B. Andrada
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Danica Elliz B. Andrada
Daniza Erika B. Andrada

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Calumpit National High School – Senior High

San Marcos, Calumpit, Bulacan
Technical Vocational Livelihood Track
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Calumpit National High School

San Marcos, Calumpit, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Kapitangan Elementary School

Kapitangan, Paombong, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 183

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

SB & Partners Law Offices - Intern

City of Malolos, Bulacan, February 06, 2023 – Present

Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company – Work Immersion

FastMan Department
City of Malolos, Bulacan, November 20, 2018 – December 20, 2018

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

DENISE ELIZA B. ANDRADA

Student
 184

LLOYD CEDRICK A. BLAS

9022 Malinis St. (Kanan), Maunlad Homes,
Mojon City of Malolos, Bulacan
lloydblas0102@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: January 02, 2000 Father’s Name: Roberto A. Blas

Place of Birth: Malolos, Bulacan Mother’s Name: Avelina A. Blas
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Kyle Jerusalem A. Blas
Harold Darcy A. Blas

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Bulacan State University – Laboratory High School

Sta. Isabel, Malolos, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Marcelo H. Del Pilar National High School

Sta. Isabel, Malolos, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Barasoain Memorial Elementary School

City of Malolos, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 185

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Bulacan Parole and Probation Office No. 1 - Intern

City of Malolos, Bulacan, January 30, 2023 – Present

Bulacan Parole and Probation Office No. 1 – Work Emmersionist

City of Malolos, Bulacan, June 10, 2018 – October 15, 2018

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

LLOYD CEDRICK A. BLAS

Student
 186

MICA MAE H. CORREA

934 Sitio Kanyakan Brgy. Matictic,
Norzagaray, Bulacan
correamemey@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: November 09, 2000 Father’s Name: Aurelio C. Correa

Place of Birth: Gapan, Nueva Ecija Mother’s Name: Rosario H. Correa
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Rochelle Ann H. Correa
Shairra H. Correa

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Norzagaray National High School

Norzagaray, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Norzagaray National High School

Norzagaray, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Kanyakan Elementary School

Kanyakan Norzagaray, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 187

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Bulacan Parole and Probation Office No. 1 - Intern

City of Malolos, Bulacan, January 30, 2023 – Present

Department of Social Welfare and Development

Norzagaray, October 15, 2018 - January 19, 2019

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

MICA MAE H. CORREA

Student
 188

MA. VICTORIA C. LACBAYAN

Blk. 6, Lt. 16, Maunlad Homes,
Sta. Cruz, Guiguinto, Bulacan
summerazada@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: June 03, 2002 Father’s Name: Ricardo B. Lacbayan

Place of Birth: Malolos, Bulacan Mother’s Name: Bernardita C. Lacbayan
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: 10 (the featured profile is the
youngest among them)

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Guiguinto National Vocational High School

Poblacion,Guiguinto, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Guiguinto National Vocational High School

Poblacion, Guiguinto, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Guiguinto National Vocational High School

Guiguinto, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 189

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Customer Service Representative (Concentrix Philippines)

San Lazaro st. Sta. Cruz, Manila Philippines
May 31, 2022- Present

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

MA. VICTORIA C. LACBAYAN

Student
 190

ANGELICA MARIE M. MAGNO

Sulucan, Bocaue, Bulacan, 3018 Philippines
angelicamarie.magno@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: June 14, 2000 Father’s Name: Armand P. Magno

Place of Birth: Lemery, Batangas Mother’s Name: Luzviminda M. Malubay
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Alfonso Nathaniel M. Magno

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Dr. Yanga’s Colleges, Inc.

Wakas, Bocaue, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Sto. Niño Academy

Biñang 2nd, Bocaue, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Sto. Niño Academy

Biñang 2nd, Bocaue, Bulacan
2007 – 2013
 191

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Office of the Provincial Prosecutor - Intern

City of Malolos, Bulacan, February 1, 2023 – Present

Uber Technologies, Inc. - Data Encoder

San Francisco, California, U.S., May 8, 2022 - September 23, 2022

Bulacan State University – Junior Academic Research Enthusiast Society

(JARES)’ CCJE Representative
City of Malolos, Bulacan, September 10, 2020 – June 10, 2021

St. Martin of Tours Parish Day Care School, Inc. – Work Immersionist
Sandico St. Poblacion, Bocaue, Bulacan, June 12, 2018 – October 18, 2018

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

ANGELICA MARIE M. MAGNO

Student
 192

MA. CHARLENE ANGELIKA P. MOLINA

617 Claro Santos St., Bonga Mayor,
Bustos Bulacan
molinacharlie2121@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: June 8, 2001 Father’s Name: Eduardo F. Molina

Place of Birth: Baliuag, Bulacan Mother’s Name: Elenita P. Molina
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: John Lester P. Molina
Louise Nicole P. Molina
James Edward P. Molina
Felicity P. Molina

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School Holy Child Academy

Poblacion, Bustos, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School Holy Child Academy

Poblacion, Bustos, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Central Elementary School

Poblacion, Bustos, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 193

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Dreame Stories Philippines - Story Writer

Bustos, Bulacan, 2022 - Present

Office of the Provincial Prosecutor - Intern

City of Malolos, Bulacan, February 1, 2023 – Present

Tanawan Day Care Center - Work Immersionist

Gen. Alejo Santos Highway, Bustos, Bulacan. (2019)

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

MA. CHARLENE ANGELIKA P. MOLINA

Student
 194

REIN MARI F. TAMONDONG

Blk 13, Lot 22, Phase G3, Brgy. Yakal
Francisco Homes CSJDM, Bulacan
reinmari.tamondong.f@bulsu.edu.ph

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: November 04, 2000 Father’s Name: Renato F. Tamondong

Place of Birth: Bulacan Mother’s Name: Ma. Soledad F. Tamondong
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Mary Robin F. Tamondong

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School San Jose Del Monte National High School
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
Humanities and Social Sciences
2017 – 2019

Junior High School San Jose Del Monte National High School
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary Francisco Homes Elementary School

City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 195

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Integrated Bar of the Philippines – Gat Marcelo H. Del Pilar Malolos Chapter -
Intern
City of Malolos, Bulacan, January 30, 2023 – Present

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

REIN MARI F. TAMONDONG

Student
 196

MARLA JAYE C. VILLAROMAN

Nemarville Subdivision, Ph. 1, San Juan
San Miguel, Bulacan
marlajaye.villaroman.c@bulsu.edu.ph

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: January 06, 2001 Father’s Name: Napoleon N. Villaroman

Place of Birth: Baliuag, Bulacan Mother’s Name: Maylin N. Catacutan
Citizenship: Filipino Sibling: Verna Lynn C. Villaroman

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Tertiary Bulacan State University - Main Campus

City of Malolos, Bulacan
Bachelor of Science Major in Legal Management
2019 – Present

Senior High School St. Paul University at San Miguel

Salangan, San Miguel, Bulacan
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
2017 – 2019

Junior High School St. Paul University at San Miguel

Salangan, San Miguel, Bulacan
2013 – 2017

Primary School of Mount St. Mary

Sta. Rita, San Miguel, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
 197

EXPERIENCE HIGHLIGHTS:

Uber Technologies, Inc. - Data Encoder

San Francisco, California, U.S., May 8, 2022 - Present

Intern at the City Legal Office of the City of Malolos, Bulacan

New City Hall, City of Malolos, Bulacan, January 2023 – April 2023

Bulacan State University – Junior Academic Research Enthusiast Society

(JARES)’ Director for Publication
City of Malolos, Bulacan, September 2020 – July 2022

Bulacan State University – Junior Academic Research Enthusiast Society

(JARES)’ CCJE Representative
City of Malolos, Bulacan, September 10, 2019 – June 10, 2020

I HEREBY CERTIFY that the above information is true and

correct to the best of my knowledge and belief.

MARLA JAYE C. VILLAROMAN

Student