Star Delta Motor Starter

REPORT PRAPERED BY
KITAYIMBWA FRED
REG.NO. BR/EIB/4011/21

A STUDENT AT BUGANDA ROLY INSTITUTE

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 ABSTRACT
We all know that three phase induction motors draw a lot of electricity when they first start up,
compared to when they are not running at full load. Various methods for beginning these induction
motors with low current values have been developed through time to lessen the impacts of high
starting current, and the sophisticated starting methods to lower starting
current are typically compromised with other factors. unexpected inrush currents caused by the
beginning system itself This project uses relays and an electronic timer to provide a low-current start
to the motor while also protecting it from inrush currents. In 50 Hz industrial motors, the most
popular low voltage starters are star or delta starts. They're utilized to try to
cut down on the amount of current used to start the engine. Three contactors, a timer, and a thermal
overload are used in the Star/Delta starter to operate a three-phase motor at 440 volts at 50 Hz from
an AC mains supply. A motor must be in the delta linked position during a normal run to utilize the
Star Delta Starter, and the major purpose is to be able to use the starter. Because all the rotor bars
are joined together to form a closed channel when the motor is at idle, it acts like a short-circuited
transformer on the secondary side. The rotor bars will be subjected to a considerable current flow as
a result of this. As a result, when the motor is turned on, the stator draws a large current, 8-10 times
the rated current. As a result, before starting the motor, the voltage applied to it must be reduced.
The current in a Star connection
is split into three phases, yet the line voltage is three times the phase voltage. When a motor is
started in a star connection, the voltage is dropped, resulting in a reduction in current. When
we operate the motor in a delta connection, the voltage is the same as the phase voltage, hence full
voltage is applied. Three contactors, a pneumatic timer, and a thermal overload relay or circuit
breaker are used to make a Star/Delta Starter for a three-phase motor with a 440-volt
AC main supply at 50 Hz. Keywords: Star delta starter, MCB, contactors, overload relay, timer

TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................… 2
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................…
Overview.................................................................................…
Purpose of the Project..........................................................................................…
Applications of the Project.................................................................................…
Chapter 2
PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION...............................…

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Proposed Design .................................................................................…
Working sequence of the Design..............................................................................…
Chapter 3
TOOLS AND COMPONANTS..............................................................................…
COMPONANTS ..............................................................................…
Tools ..............................................................................…
Chapter 4
Conclusion ..............................................................................…
Reference ..............................................................................…

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Main circuit.........................................................................................................................................
…6
Figure 2 Power circuit .........................................................................................................................................
…6
Figure 3 Star delta .........................................................................................................................................…
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Figure 4 MCB.........................................................................................................................................…8
Figure 5 Contactors .........................................................................................................................................…8
Figure 6 Overload .........................................................................................................................................…8
Figure 7 Relay .........................................................................................................................................…8
Figure 8 Timer .................................................................................…........................................................8
Figure 9 connector.........................................................................................................................................…
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Figure 10 Screw driver.........................................................................................................................................
…8
Figure 11Phase tester.........................................................................................................................................
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Figure 12Pliers.................................................................................
….....................................................................8
Figure 13Stripper .................................................................................…......................................................
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The project in general was carried out the institute premises.
Supposed to design and install a star delta main circuit and control circuit.
The task was carried out with in the students and little supervision from the lecturer and the project took the all day.
The induction motor is the most versatile motor in the industrial sector, with a wide range of
features.Self-starting, sturdy construction, great efficiency, good power factor, and ease of control
are just a few of them. Squirrel cage induction motors are more commonly utilized than other
varieties. Because all of the rotor bars are coupled to form a closed channel, the motor appears to be
a short-circuited transformer on the secondary side when it is at rest. The rotor bars will be turned by
a huge current flow. As a result, when the motor is turned on, the stator draws a high current that is8-
10 times the motor's rated current. It is required to reduce the voltage applied to the motor before
starting it. The goal of the project is to offer induction motors with a low-voltage start. The star to
delta conversion is used to do this. In the field of 50Hz industrial motors, Star/Delta starters are
arguably the most prevalent reduced voltage starters. Star delta is used to minimize the start current
applied to the motor, and then full load current is applied to the motor after some time. Because the
current in a star connection is the same in three times the phase voltage, If the motor is started as a
star, the voltage is lowered (resulting in lower current). Also, because the voltage in a delta
connection is the same as the phase voltage, full voltage is applied when the motor is driven as a
delta connection. For operating a three-phase motor at 440 volts at 50 Hz on an ac mains supply, a
Star/Delta starter and a thermal overload are often bought from three contractors. Traditionally, the
interlocking configuration of all the contactor coils is wired in 440-volt AC. The project uses a series
of 12-volt DC relays in star mode to start a three-phase motor at 440 volts AC mains supply 50 Hz,
and then an electrically controlled timer to switch to delta mode. The motor connections are
switched from star to delta with a time delay using a set of relays.[1-3]A low voltage starting is a star
delta starter. It is used to minimize the motor's starting current without the usage of any external
devices or apparatus. A star delta starting has about 1/3 the inrush current of a DOL starter, which is
a significant advantage.

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 Overview
The project covers the combination to start a 3 phase motor at 440 volt ac mains supply 50 Hz 12 volts DC relays in
star delta connection
• The beginning current for a star delta starter is 33% of the entire load current.
• The peak starting torque is 33% of the maximum load torque.
• The peak beginning current is 1.3 to 2.6 times the full load current.
• The Star-Delta Starter is only suitable for low to high power three-phase induction motors.
• It has lowered the starting current and torque.
• Six connection cables are required for the motor terminal box.
• In the Star Delta starter, the current peak and mechanical load on from the star changeover delta are
displayed.

Purpose of the Project.

The proposed project aims at providing low voltage to induction motor through star to delta conversion.
Star delta is basically used to lower the current rate applied to motor at start and after that full load current is
applied.
Applications of the Project
 Industrial installation
 Heavy machines that use motor

Making connections

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 Chapter 2
PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Proposed Design

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Main circuit

Figure 1
Power circuit

Figure 2
Working sequence of the Design/WORKING PRINCIPLE
This is a low-voltage beginning method. Voltage is reduced during star-delta beginning by physically
redesigning the motor windings, as seen in the image below. When the motor is started,thewindings

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are connected in a star arrangement, which reduces the voltage across each winding 3. This reduces
torque by a factor of three as well. After some time, the windings are reorganized as delta
and the motor operates normally.[4,5]

Figure 3
Star Connect State
During the start-up of the star delta starter, the main contactor and the star contactor remain closed,
completing the power circuit. The motor is connected in the star state at startup. In the star-connected
configuration, the voltage applied to the motor winding is lowered to one-third of the line voltage.[6]
When the motor reaches full speed, i.e. 90 percent of full R.P.M, the timer connected in the circuit is
engaged. It first disconnects the star contactor and then connects the delta contactor to the circuit,
implying that the delta contactor is closed.
Open State
The circuit gets open between switching from star to delta, and the motor does not remain in either
star or delta mode. This is referred to as an open transition stage.
Delta State
When the timer was triggered, the motor shifted from star to delta mode. The phase voltage is
equivalent to the line voltage in the delta connection condition. As a result, full line voltage is
applied to the motor winding, and the motor operates at maximum speed.

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TOOLS AND COMPONANTS

COMPONANTS
 MCB
 Three Contactors
 Overload
 Relay
 Timer
 Connectors
MCB Contactors Overload

Figure 6
Figure 4
Figure 5
 Relay Timer Connectors

Figure 9
Figure 8
Figure 7

Tools
 Screw driver
 Phase tester
 Pliers
 Stripper
Screw driver Phase tester

Stripper

Pliers

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Chapter 5
Conclusion
The most frequent method for starting a three-phase induction motor is with a star delta starter.
During the starting period of star delta starting, an induction motor is connected in via a star
connection. The motor is then hooked in through a delta connection once it has reached the required
speed.The Star/Delta starter is made up of three contactors, a timer, and a thermal overload. Because
they only manage winding currents, the contactors are smaller than the single contactor used in a
Direct on Line starter. The currents passing through the winding are 13 = 0.58 (58%) of the total
current in the line.Another device that can be utilized to reduce current demand during motor
initiation is a star delta starter. It is frequently used to start three-phase induction motors, although it
can only be utilized when the motor is not loaded and the required starting current is relatively
modest.
Reference
 Machines and equipments book
 Electrical work book
 Engineers work book

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