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Since the appearance of the first high-rise buildings around 1870, there has been a transformation in their design

and construction. This resulted in glass, steel and concrete structures in the international and postmodern
architectural styles prevailing today. Before going any further, it is necessary to define what is considered a
tall building. A building is a self-contained structure with walls, floors, roofs, and often windows. According to
the Merritt Company (1991), a tall structure is considered to be a structure that extends higher than the
maximum span of existing fire fighting equipment. In terms of sheer numbers, this is set between 75 and 100
feet, or about 7 to 10 floors. The height of the building is measured from the pavement level of the main
entrance to the top of the structure of the building. According to the late O'Hagan (1977), there have been three
generations of tall buildings since the 1880s. This is briefly described below.

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