The Impacts of the behaviour will be presented from both cow and calf

perspective.
So For cows: When the refused suckling behaviour is due to dystocia, cows
that experiencing difficult births will have increased latency to stand following
calving. Thus, production cost increases for feeding dry cows which can cause
huge production loss.

On the other hand, for the Calves: Normally, The average distance between
cow and calf increases over the first few hours after birth as the cow begins
feeding. However, When lack of maternal behaviour, the cow–calf distance
starts to increase over the first few hours after birth. The failure of suckling
and the latency to first nurse is an important issue in cattle management
because calf's immunity relies upon absorbing immunoglobulins found in the
colostrum, but its ability to absorb these macromolecules declines rapidly
during the first 12 h after birth due to rejected suckling by their mother. Calves
that receive colostrum after this time show low levels of immunoglobulins in
their serum. So Mismothering and refused suckling increases the risk of
colostrum and maternal care being allocated to calves, leading to failure of
passive transfer of immunity from the mother to her offspring. Thus, resulted
in low survival rate and poor welfare of the calves.

So what can be done to prevent these consequences.

first, Licking of the newborn calf by its mother is often considered essential in
establishing the maternal filial bond. Newborns that are prevented from being
licked are at greater risk of being rejected when suckling their mother. Also,
Licking of other calves may interfere with bonding between the dam and her
own calf. So farmer should encourage this licking behaviour and also isolate
the cow and calf from herd mates before calving to reduce the risk of refused
suckling. Future improvement should also been done on the housing system
designes to keep the cow with her newborn calf, such as the individual
maternity pens typically found on dairy farms. Also, The importance of
olfaction and odors thus need to be taken into consideration in the design of
housing facilities for parturient cattle, especially in relation to group housing.

Moreover, Selecting breeds that are more capable or motivated to express

maternal behavior can help solve the problem, also select cows with better
anatomical structure in the udder and teat can make it easier for calves to find
and latch onto the teat. Furthermore, in dairy cattle the latency to first nurse
can be longer with older cows, so choose younger cows to mate rather than the
old ones. Also farmers can provide substrates for bedding such as straws to
eliminate cow stress and encourage natural material behaviour. and finally, to
improve cow rations especially to supplement calcium to help them overcome
ketosis.