Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783

Course Code : P.E 1

Descriptive Title : FUNDAMENTAL OF MARTIAL ARTS
Term and Academic Year : 1st Semester, AY 2022-2023
Department and Year Level : BSCRIM 1
Professor : MR. ARNOLD B. MAGPANTAY

Module 2, Lesson 1
Essential Principle of Karate/Code of Ethics/ Breathing Techniques

I. Introduction
In this lesson you shall be introduced to the Essential Principle of Karate, Code of Ethics or Rules and
Regulation inside the DOJO and Breathing Techniques used in Karate.

In order to gain through understanding of this lesson, you have to read the discussion and supplemental note.
You are tasked to answer the assessment and submit requirement found in the “Evaluation” section.

Time Frame: 8 hours Date of Submission:

II. Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, you must have;
1. understood the Essential Principle of Karate to find openings and execute the proper techniques in the proper
time, no matter how fast is the movements of his opponent or partner;
2. mastered or memories the rules and regulation inside the DOJO as a part of discipline, respect and good will;
and
3. mearned the proper breathing techniques commonly use in sport.

III. Learning Contents

Essential Principle of Karate
The remarkable strength manifest by many individual karate techniques, both offensive and defensive, is not
the mysterious things both observers as well as exponent of the art itself. On the contrary, it is the power result of the
effective application or certain well known scientific principle to the movement of the body, likewise, knowledge of
psychological principles, along with constant practice, an able the karate man to find opening and execute the proper
techniques at the proper time, no matter how fast the movement of his component or partner. At an advanced stage, it
is even possible for a karate expert to sense the movement of his opponent before they take place. Before learning the
various individual techniques, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the physical, psychological and combine
physical-psychological principle witch underline them all.

I.PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES:
1. MAXIMUM STREGHT:
Any movement of the body defense muscular expansion and contraction. There are many factors involved in
exerting maximum force through control of these expansion and contractions.
A. Force is directly proportionate to the degree of muscular expansion and contraction. This is the principle
behind, for example, the coil spring the more coil is pressed down, the greater the force it exert when
released many parts of the human body operate the same way.
B. The striking power of a force is inversely proportionate to the time required for its application. This means
that in karate it is not the muscular strength used to left a heavy object that is required, but the strength
ministered in terms of speed of muscular expansion and contraction. In other word, force is accumulated
in the form of speed, and at the end of the movement, speed is converted into a striking force. In scientific
language, fore equal mass times the squares of the velocity.

Module 1, Lesson 2 Essential Principle of Karate/Code of Ethics/ Breathing Techniques Page | 5

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783

2. CONCERTRATION OF STREGHT:
To perform any kind of heavy physical work, concentration of strength is necessary. Even a great amount of
strength will accomplish little if it is disappeared. By the same token a small amount of strength properly concentrated,
can be quits powerful. It is no exaggeration to say that the practice of most karate techniques is the practice of
concentration of strength at the proper time and proper place.
A. Other things being equal, the shorter the time a striking force is applied, the more effective it is. This
element of concentration in terms of time is very important in karate, for it enables one to move
immediately into a series of techniques.
B. The greater the number of muscles brought into play in performing a given movement, the greater the
concentration of strength. The force which can be exerted by hands or feet acting alone is relatively small,
therefore, the muscular power of the whole body should be exerted in such a way that this strength is
concentrated at this pion of impact.
C. Maximum contraction of the body strength depends on effective utilization of the resultant of force
produced by exertion of the various muscle. When the muscle are properly coordinated, the resultant
force is greater; when the act in opposite direction, it is lessened
3. UTILIZING REACTION FORCE:
This refers to the well-known principle of physics that to every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.
This principle find wide use in karate, for example, in pinching out with one hand the other hand is simultaneously
withdrawn to the hip, adding reaction force to the punching hand. Running and jumping is made possible by pressing
downward with opposite foot. This is an important feature in karate where, for example, in punching the rear leg is
pressed hand against the floor, and the resulting force is pressed through the body and arm to the striking hand, adding
force to the punch. In even more complex fashion when the hand actually strikes the target, the shock of the blow is
passé through the body to the legs floor and then is revered back to the punching hand adding further force to the
blow.
4. USE OF BREATH CONTROL:
It is well known that exhaling aids in contracting muscles, while inhaling tends to relax the muscles. This finds
direct application in karate inhaled after their completion.

I. PSYCHOLOGICAL PRICIPLE
Since karate involved direct contact between two or more human being, psychological factors play an important
rule. In many cases the psychologically stronger party wins even when the is outmatched physically. Although this
psychological conditioning comes about naturally until it is almost second nature in the course of karate training.

1. MIZU NI KOKORO ( A Mind Like Water)

8this term along with the one in the following section was emphasized in the teaching of the ancient karate
masters. Both refer to the mental attitude required while facing an actual opponent. This reface to the need to
make the mind calm, like the surface of undisturbed water.

To carry the symbolism farther, smooth water reflects accurately the image of all the objects within its range,
and if the mind is kept in this state, apprehension of the opponents movement, both psychological and
physical will be both immediate and accurate, and one’s response both offensive and defensive, will be
appropriate and adequate.

On the other hand, if the surface of the water is disturbed, the images it reflects will be distorted, or b analogy,
if the mind is preoccupied with thoughts of attack or defense, it will not apprehend the opponents intention,
creating an opportunity for the opponent to attack.

2. TSUKI NO KOKORO (A Mind Like a Moon)

This concept refers to the need to be constantly aware of the totality of the opponent and his movement, just
as moonlight shines equally on everything within its range

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 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783

With the thorough development of this attitude, the consciousness will be immediately aware of any opening
in the opponent’s defense.
Clouds blocking the light of the moon are likened to nervousness or destruction which interfere with correct
apprehension of the opponent’s movement and make it impossible to find an opening and to apply the proper
techniques.

3. UNITY OF MIND AND WILL:

To use a common analogy, if the mind is compared to the speaker of a telephone, the will is like the electric
current. No matter how sensitive the speaker is if there is no like electric current, no communication takes place.
Similarly, even if you correctly apprehend the movement of your opponent and are conscious of an opening, if the will
to act on this knowledge is lacking no effective technique will be forthcoming. The mind may find n opining, but the will
must be activated in order to execute the technique called for.

II. COMBINED PHYSICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE:

1. KIME (Focus)
Briefly “focus” in karate refers to the concentration of all the energy of the body in an instant on a specific target.
This involves not only the concentration described above. There is no such thing as a focus lasting for any measurable
length of time. Since successful karate depends entirely of effective concentration of body strength, focus is extremely
important, and without it, karate would became nothing more than a form of dancing. This principle will appear
frequently in the following pages, so a clear understanding of it at this point is desirable.

2. HEN-O (Responding)
This concept refers to the correct apprehensions of the opponent movement and the conscious adoption of the
proper techniques in accordance with them. Both part of this process are performed as a single momentary act and
appear to an on looker almost as a reflex action. It is the character of karate that create self-confidence in its
practitioner, he know that his mind directed reflexes don’t have to “think” what to do.

THE COMPOSITION OF KARATE IN GENERAL

Forms of karate are commonly known as “Techniques”. Karate techniques like the techniques of other highly
developed sports or physical art, have been organized over the years of perfection and modification into a distinct
system.

KARATE TECHNIQUES:
1. BREATHING TECHNIQUES
2. VITAL POINTS
3. STANCES
4. POSTURES
5. HAND TECHNIQUES
6. FOOT TECHNIQUES
7. SHIFTING TECHNIQUES
8. SPARRING TECHNIQUES
9. OTHER

Code of Ethics:
The rule and regulation inside the DOJO:
Just like any martial arts of self-defense as practiced in Oriental way, the rule rules and regulation inside the DOJO, is
the primary to observe by both students, as well as the instructions, as part of discipline, respect and good will to both
concern:

1. No shoes inside the DOJO.

2. No smoking inside the DOJO.
3. Avoid drinking liquor before the training hour.
Module 1, Lesson 2 Essential Principle of Karate/Code of Ethics/ Breathing Techniques Page | 7
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783

4. Execute proper courtesy before and after the training session.

5. Observe seniority by proper salutation of courtesy.
6. Avoid wearing of jewels during the practical instruction
7. No horseplay or joking inside and in the premises of the DOJO
8. .Avoid speaking indecent words.
9. Keep feet and fingernails trimmed.
10. Clear you mind and concentrate in one point during the instructions.
11. Avoid coaching; only authorized instructors are allowed to give assistance during the instructions
12. No laughing at the mistakes of other
13. Only advance students are allowed to free practice, sparring during the designated days (the JIYU-KUMITE).
14. Develop Self-Confidence.
15. Observed sportsmanship, control, and courtesy during advance sparring.
16. Practice modern gentlemanly and chivalry way of life.
17. Observe cleanliness inside the DOJO
18. Use equipment properly and place in proper order after the instructions.
19. Remember, you are train for self-protection and not for self-aggression.

The Breathing Techniques:

Karate like other art of self-defense is an art and breathing in one technique of those arts, and it is an art itself,
where every life breathes to live it. It is the process of inhalation and exhalation during the inhalation phase it is known
as expiration. Breathing is indispensable to human life. It is said that fresh clean air like that of the mountain breeze and
seaside breeze is necessary for long life, but for that air to be of any value, proper breathing is also vital. Breathing
techniques or methods vary somewhat among various school of martial arts buy that of karate is probably the strictest.

Proper breathing techniques are the very life of karate. Karate aims for mental and physical development, of
sportsmanship, for self-defense and lastly for the spiritual unity for the advance perfection and concentration are
essential elements through proper practiced of breathing to faster the frame of mind needed and toward off a
desultory attitude the entire spirit must be concentrated on one point. Breathing techniques installed into the body, is
the most important acquisition, for the process in karate perfection. Success in both mental and physical and spiritual
unity and strength depends on proper breathing techniques. Generally there are two types of breathing techniques that
are commonly known in the sports.

1. The Western Breathing Techniques

2. The Oriental Breathing Techniques

The western breathing techniques which are commonly practiced in highly development sport, they inhaled
through the nose( except in swimming and water exercise) and stored the inhaled air in their chest, making the
abdominal depressed and exhaled through the mouth, expelling the inhaled air, yet it releases down to the
abdominal region.

The oriental breathing techniques, particularly in the world of the principles that of a balloon. If you put air
inside the balloon the balloon will become bigger and if you release the air inside the balloon, it becomes smaller.
Karate, as one of the martial art who practiced the oriental breathing techniques has several breathing,
classification.
1. The normal breathing- is the type of breathing we do since birth time.
2. (I BUKI)- position and negative breathing – this second type of breathing are consist of quite inhalation
through the nose where the muscle are relax and sharp exhalation where the muscle contract and tense to
give more strength and power during the release of a blow, kick or strike, this breathing techniques are
commonly seen in execution of karate practical techniques are commonly seen in execution of karate
practical techniques is speed motion.
3. NOGARE- positive, negative and retention breathing:
Module 1, Lesson 2 Essential Principle of Karate/Code of Ethics/ Breathing Techniques Page | 8
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY
VICTORINO SALCEDO CAMPUS
Sara, Iloilo
Reg. No. 97Q19783

this 3rd type of breathing are consist of sound inhaled it may be short or long inhaled air in the abdominal
region, down below the navel, it may be short or long, exhalation making all muscles in a hard tense and
concentration in a slow motion. The exhalation is in proportion to the rhythm of inhalation and retention
phase, these techniques are seen in advance formal exercise the “kata”.
By inhalation and exhalation it is mean proper breath control.
There are five method of controlled breathing:
1. Long inhalation; long retention; long exhalation long retention
2. Long inhalation; long retention; short exhalation and short retention
3. Short inhalation; short retention; long exhalation; and long retention
4. Short inhalation; short retention; short exhalation; and short retention.
5. Combination of the proceeding with the retention.

Any man who can master the proper breathing techniques can with stand being surrounded by powerful
enemies; even at the time of catastrophe such as earthquake, fire, typhoon, flood in his stride. In addition,
breathing control is also useful in restoring calm breathing and peace of mind when one exerted oneself more
than usual in a violent fight, in an emergency or hard work.

IV. Learning Assessment

Answer the following questions:

1. How do you understand the Essential Principle of Karate?

2. What are the rules and regulation inside the DOJO?
3. What are the different breathing techniques commonly used in this kind of sport?

Scoring Guide:
Each answer shall be evaluated using these criteria:
Content 10 pts.
Organization of ideas 5 pts.
Language facility 5 pts.
Total score: 20 pts.

V. Enrichment Activities/Outputs
1. Actual video of the Western breathing techniques, Oriental breathing techniques and the five methods of
controlled breathing techniques.
Instructions:
• Video yourself doing the different breathing technics
• Send in messenger in BSCRIM 1group chat
• Deadline of submission on
Scoring Guide:
Visual impact 30 %
Relevance to the topic ------------- 40 %
Neatness and Creativity ------------ 30 %
Total: 100%

VI. References
Nishiyama H. &. Brwon,R.C. (1998), Karate: The art of empty hand fighting. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.

----End of Module 2, Lesson 1----

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