Corrologic

Solutions
Cortec Southeast Asia
 3

Vapor phase Corrosion Inhibitors

(VpCI)

4119 White Bear Parkway • St. Paul • MN • 551123 • 1-800-4-CORTEC • www.cortecvci.com

How does it work?

Vapor phase Corrosion

Inhibitor (VpCI) molecules
diffuse from their source
How does it work?

VpCIs adsorb onto the metal

surface
VpCI barrier prevents
corrosion

Illustrating how VpCI’s condense on the surface of metal by showing

water condensing on glass
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSni9EV5F50&list=PLGDBPyg5D1dJdk_02Mg4EivWncHIg7sXY&index=22&t=3s
Mitigating Soil-Side Corrosion on Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms

7
Industrial Track Record

8
 600+ AST’s
Global Track
• North America
Record
• Middle East
• Asia
Application Methodologies
&
Field Applications
 Aboveground Storage Tanks

Mechanical Spill Physical damage Overfill

damage 4% 6% 8%
Material failure
7%
10%
Weather Unknown
2% 18%

Loose
component
12% Corrosion Human error
Other 20% 4%
2% Component
failure
7%

Mott-Smith Consulting Group LLC, 2008

 Tank Floor to Soil Interface
Tank Floor

ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP ICP

Conductive Electrolyte Tank Foundation

‘Oil Canning’ Soil Settlement Dry Sand Bitumen Overlap Ring Wall

? ?
X
ICP
X X ? ICP ICP

ICP ICP ICP

Field Observations
• Gaps under annular plates allow ingress of:
• Moisture | Airborne Chlorides | Oxygen
• Challenges associated with Coatings:
• Workmanship | Pinholes | Scratches | Weld joints
• Challenges associated with CP systems:
• Air gaps | Dry sand | CP current shielding
• Poor design | Improper installation
• Power source during operation or Precommissioning
Conference Papers &
Technical Articles
Independent Study by Pipeline Research
Council International published in 2018

Conclusions:
• VCIs were found to be effective in mitigating pitting of A36 steel exposed to corrosive
sand when recommended dosages were used.
• Use of VCIs could provide protection, and thus service life extension, for the tanks
without CP or where CP systems have either failed or degenerated
• ER probes, designed to measure the surface average corrosion rate, can be used to
monitor both the plate corrosion rate and efficacy of VCIs.
• This work demonstrates proof-of-concept of the VCI technology, and additional work
would help optimize operating and monitoring parameters associated with the
technology.
 Published Technical Articles (1993 – 2018)
1. T. Whited, “Mitigation of Soil side corrosion on double contained aboveground storage tank floors”, MP (2011), p. 7-10.
2. S. R. Rials, J.H. Kiefer, “Evaluation of Corrosion Prevention Methods for Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms,” MP 32, 1 (1993): p. 20-25
3. A. Gandhi, “Storage Tank Bottom Protection Using Vapor-phase Corrosion Inhibitors”, MP 1 (2001): p. 28-30.
4. T. Whited, “Corrosion Slowed On Tank Bottoms: Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors Used To Mitigate Corrosion Rate of a Double-Tank Interstitial Space,” Pipeline & Gas 32, 6 (2005): p. 49-50
5. B. A. Miksic, A. Y. Furman, M. Kharshan, “Storage Tank Protection Using Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors,” MP, 6 (2006): p. 34-37
6. I. Y. Barnawi, “Comparison of corrosion attack on tank bottoms with and without cathodic protection” MP 51, 8 (2012): p. 31-35.
7. T. Whited, X. Yu, R. Tems, “Mitigating Soil-Side Corrosion on Crude Oil Tank Bottoms Using Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors,” CORROSION/13, paper no. 2242 (Houston TX: NACE, 2013)
8. A. Gandhi, K. Abed, “Measuring & Controlling Soil-side Corrosion on Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms Using ER Probes and Amine Carboxylate VpCI Technology,” AIM 1, 9 (2015): p. 22-25
9. K. Abed, P. Panchal, A Gandhi, “Evaluation of Impressed Current Cathodically Protected API 650 Tank Bottoms in the Presence of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor”, Corrosion 2016, paper no.
7600 (Vancouver: NACE,2016)
10. A. Meroufel, M. Al-Hajri, K. Abed “Mitigation of Soil-Side Corrosion on Storage Tank Bottoms in the Absence or Deficient of CP System”, 16th Middle East Corrosion Conference, paper no.
MECCFEB16-7995 (Manama: NACE,2016)
11. T. Whited, “Mitigation of Soil side corrosion on double contained aboveground storage tank floors”, MP (2011), p. 7-10.
12. C. Pynn, K. Abed “Compatibility & Interactions between Cathodic Protection and a Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor”, paper no. 9232 (New Orleans, LA: NACE, 2017)
13. A. Al Ghafri, J. R Nair, N. Al Abri, L. Al Shibli” Successful Implementation of a Corrosion Management Strategy by Online Injection of Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors to Extend Storage Tank
Floor Life, paper no. 11428 (Phoenix, AZ: NACE, 2018)
14. K. Abed, C. Pynn “A study on the Effect of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors on Impressed Current Cathodic Protection” paper no. 11030 (Phoenix, AZ: NACE, 2018)
Industry Standards &
Regulations

18
TimeLine

2003 2013 2018 2021 2021

Department of The State of “Design, The upcoming Standard for Vapor

Environmental Florida has Construction, update for API External Corrosion
Protection in identified that Operation, 651 will Corrosion Inhibitors for
Florida VCI can be Maintenance, mention the Control of On- Storage
approved the used in tandem and Inspection use of VpCI Grade Tanks;
use of VpCI in with CP or a of Terminal Carbon Steel Guidelines for
2003 for tanks. standalone and Tank. Storage Tank usage
solution outlines the Bottoms
use of VpCI
Department of
State of
Environmental API 2610 API 651 NACE STG 543 API 655 TR
Protection Florida

We are working on incorporating the effect of VpCI on soil-side corrosion model

• API 581
• EEMUA 159
 Out of Service Tank

Injection holes Corrosion Inhibitor Application

Patch plating Protection Formation

Out of Service Tank
 Case study
Out of Service Tank
Drilling through Bottom Plate
Preparation for Product Injection
Product injection
Installation of Monitoring System
Installation of Monitoring System
Installation of Monitoring System
Discussion
Tank Details
• Approximately 17m dia tank
• MEDCO, Palembang, Indonesia
• Product: Crude + Produced water
• Construction date 2000
• Tank ID: MTR-ABJ-408

Min thickness (2019) :

Shell course #1 : 4.71mm
Shell course #2 : 3.53mm
Settlement survey : out of tolerance
Distortion in some spot
5m concrete Leakage indication on bolt nut
L-Shaped Bundwall is cracked and bush growth
Corrosion Coupon -
Discussion points
Summary
• Cost Savings – Shorter Turnaround time; Less Bottom plates to repair
• Cost Avoidance – Corrosion protection for soil side corrosion,
• Resource Addition – Revenue generating for extension of tank life
• Sustainable element – Environmentally friendly; Monitoring

32
 Vincent Ong
Vincent.ong@cortec-sea.com
+65 9296 7002

Singapore
www.cortecvci.com